As with a lot of things in history (especially ancient history like that) it is not entirely clear why the Harappan civilization disappeared.
The most common explanation is that the civilization disappeared because the region was invaded by nomadic people from outside the area. Specifically, it is believed that Aryan, cattle-raising nomads invaded the area.
However, it is now thought (by some scholars) that the civilization had started to disappear before the invasions. Scholars speculate that this happened because of environmental degradation. They think that the soil quality might have declined or the course of the Indus River might have changed. Either could have made the people leave in search of better land to farm.
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