Please give a summary of Poem 130 from Tennyson's In Memoriam.

This section of this famous poem on the topic of grief and how Tennyson handles the death of his close friend, Alfred Hallam, deals with how Tennyson tries to comfort himself that although his friend has died some part of his essence still remains in nature and can therefore be enjoyed and appreciated by Tennyson as he enjoys and appreciates nature. The first stanza states how Tennyson is able to feel Hallam's presence in the nature that he sees, in "the rising sun." Although clearly Hallam's presence is felt in a different way, this does not diminish Tennyson's love for him, but actually enlarges it:

My love involves the love before;
My love is vaster passion now;
Tho’ mix’d with God and Nature thou,
I seem to love thee more and more.

Note how the speaker characterises his new transformed love of Hallam as being full of "vaster passion" because Hallam is now mixed with "God and Nature." This section of the poem ends with a realisation of the apparent paradox of Hallam and where he is now: although he is "far off" he is at the same time ever-present in the form of nature around him, and the speaker is comforted with the thought that he will not "lose" Hallam until he himself dies. This section therefore explores the continuing relationship between Tennyson and Hallam and how death has impacted that relationship.

Why can't Valentine and Maximilian marry in The Count of Monte Cristo?What is stopping them? Is it Villefort? Why aren't they allowed to marry?

Though Valentine is in love with Maximilian, she knows her family will not approve of her marrying someone so common.  She instead finds herself engaged to Franz d'Epinay, who is of an appropriate status.  She manages to get out of her engagement to d'Epinay when it is revealed that her grandfather killed his father in a duel.

Valentine later finds herself the victim of attempted murder by poisoning.  Following Monte Cristo's advice, she takes a pill that makes it appear as though she is dead.  Believing she is deceased, Maximilian decides to take his own life.  Monte Cristo agrees to help him in this, but really gives him a sleep-inducing potion instead.  When he awakens he finds Valentine, and discovers that the Count has made arrangements for them to be married.

The surprise and the power of Act 3 lie in Antony's words and actions. Explain Antony's dual roles in Act 3 and how they contribute to the...

In Act III of Julius Caesar, Marc Antony is duplicitous.  When he approaches Brutus and the others after they have assassinated Caesar, Antony tells them he is ready to die.  But Brutus refuses his request, explaining that they only killed Caesar because he had become too power hungry; Brutus insists that he loved Caesar just as Marc Antony loved him.  Acting as though he accepts Brutus's explanation, Antony gives each of the conspirators his hand. Before these men and over the body of Caesar, Antony declares,

That I did love thee, Caesar, O! 'tis true!/If then thy spirit look upon us now/Shall it not grieve thee dearer than death/To see thy Anthony making his peace/Shaking the bloody fingers of thy foes....(III,i,209-213)

Antony asks if he may give a eulogy for Ceasar, and Brutus agrees against the advice of Cassius.  However, he instructs Antony that he cannot say anything negative:  "You shall not in your funeral speech, blame us, (III,ii,270). But, after Brutus and the others depart, Antony, in a soliloquy vows to begin a violent civil war and to avenge the death of Caesar.

When he does give his funeral oration, Marc Antony uses rhetorical devices, such as repetition and emotional words and irony to accuse the conspirators without directly saying that they are traitors, or any other negative implication.  He tells the Romans,

...He was my friend, faithful,and just to me;/but Brutus says he was ambitious,/And Brutus is an honorable man. (III,ii,93-95) 

As he continues, Antony mentions that Caesar thrice refuses a crown, but repeats that Brutus says "he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man."  Repeatedly, Antony subtlely destroys the credibility of Brutus as being of noble intentions.

Dramatically, he shows the crowd the bloody robe of Caesar revealing where each conspirator stabbed him, and reads Caesar's will in which he has bequeathed to the people  each seventy-five dracmas.  By his tone and demonstrative actions, Antony sways the Roman people away from believing Brutus and the others without having broken his promise not to blame them. 

Ronald Frankz and McCandless establish a father-son type of relationship in Into the Wild. Identify one benefit or drawback that each gets out of...

In McCandless, Franz finds the sense of family he lost years ago, when his wife and son died. Since then, he'd sponsored local children, and even paid for some of them to go college. When he meets McCandless, he finds someone he can connect with, someone he can worry about, somebody who cares about him. When McCandless leaves for Alaska, he gives Franz something to look forward to (his return), but when Franz hears of McCandless's death, he gives up his faith and starts drinking again.

In Franz, McCandless finds sort of a father figure, someone to look up to and get advice from. McCandless's anger at his own father kept him from respecting him, and perhaps Franz filled that void. Still, Franz does the same thing McCandless's parents did; he tries to reign McCandless in, to make him see reason and be careful. Perhaps this is why McCandless pushed Franz away, and evaded the issue so smoothly when Franz asked to adopt McCandless.

Is Fahrenheit 451 written in third person limited or omniscient?

For most of the book, it is written in third person limited-focusing on Montag's own views, action, and perceptions. If it were universal-we would know all, not just the way in which Montag interprets things.

Third person limited is that in which we are not given all perspectives and do not have all the facts, only a character's interpretation of the events. Omniscient would bring the reader all the facts that are not known to the other characters.

Yet, there are times when descriptions of character conversation and detailed setting descriptions are used to move the plot along and give the reader another viewpoint.

How do Joyce's stories "Araby" and "Eveline" compare and contrast to each other?"Araby" and "Eveline" byJames Joyce

James Joyce writes of the tragic Irish of Dublin in his anthology of stories, "The Dubliners."  For one thing, there is often a delusion that occurs with these characters as they attempt to alter circumstances in their lives.  For instance, in "Araby" the boy perceives Megan's sister as a perfection, much like the maiden for whom the knight strives.  The boy watches across the street and worships from afar this girl who, in his mind, is a paragon.  He envisions himself at the market as he carries her parcels,

I bore the chalice safely through a throng of foes.  Her name sprang to m lips at moments in strange prayer and praises which I myself did not understand.

Likewise, Eveline has a romanticized attitude about the sailor who has come from foreign lands.  He is there, much like the boy's imagined knight, to rescue her.  She dreams of leaving her abusive father and immigrating to another land.  Like the colored print of St. Margaret Mary Alacoque, the French nun who had a series of visions of the Sacred Heart that hangs on the wall, Eveline envisions the sailor as her savior. However, the reality of the little brother not being also saved strikes Eveline and she is paralyzed as she and her sailor are ready to board the great ship. In an epiphany, she realizes that she does not possess the courage to go, but she perceives danger in the sailor, instead,

a bell changed upon her heart.  She felt him seize her hand....all the seas of the world tumbled about her heart.  He was drawing her into them; he would drown her.  She gripped with both hands at the iron railing....Her eyes gave him no sign of love or farewell or recognition.

In "Araby," the boy experiences his epiphany when he realizes that he has created the exotic illusion of Megan's sister; when he arrives at the bazaar, all the booths are closed, and he only hears the petty prattle of the few vendors left:

Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.

Both characters in the two stories of Joyce experience epiphanies when they realize the truth of their romantic illusions and they are doomed to their lives in brown houses" that reach to "a blind end."  But, unlike the boy of "Araby" who understands that he is to blame for his self-deception, Eveline, at the end, views her sailor as the threat to her romantic idea, rather than her own lack of courage.

In what chapter did Spitz die in The Call of the Wild?

The dog Spitz dies at the very end of Chapter 3.  That is the chapter that is entitled "The Dominant Primordial Beast."

Spitz dies after a long chase and a fight with Buck.  The two of them have been contending for power within the pack all through this chapter.  Buck has been undermining Spitz's authority for a long time and he has finally taken the opportunity to pick a fight to the death with Spitz.  They fight for a long time, and Buck finally gets Spitz down.  At that point, Spitz dies just the way he killed Curly earlier in the book.

There is persuasion that happens in Hamlet, which three would be great to discuss in an essay to illustrate the persuasion going on?I need help...

Many of Shakespeare's plays are about persuasion.  In fact, some might be discussed as such in rhetoric classes.  Hamlet is no exception.  Some of the more persuasive speeches in the play might be these:

(1)  In Act 1, Scene 2,  Claudius' admonition to Hamlet to stop mourning for his dead father:  "Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet . . ."   I like this one because Claudius starts with sympathy, turns to insults, and finally resorts to bribery.

(2) Also in Act 1,Scene 5, the ghost's speech to Hamlet in which he persuades Hamlet to avenge his "most foul and unnatural murder."  He uses quite a few persuasive techniques:  imagery, parallel structure, call to action, appeals to sympathy.

(3)  Another speech that might serve you well would be Hamlet's speech to Gertrude, "Look on this picture and on this" (Act 3, Scene 4) in which he attempts to persuade Gertrude to turn away from Claudius because he, in fact, murdered her late husband. In this speech, Hamlet uses visuals, contrasts, and repetition.

I hope these help.

Define operating system. What are the functions and types of operating systems?

An operating system, abbreviated OS, is a product, software type,  that is part of a system, equipment or computerized equipment, which deals with management and coordination of its activities. The computerized system may be a computer, a workstation, a server, a PC, a notebook, a smartphone, a road navigation device or another system with "intelligence" of its own. The operating system plays the role of host for all applications running on the equipment (hardware).

Operating system functions

To act as interface between hardware and users, an operating system must be able perform the following functions:

1. Enabling startup application programs. Thus, the operating system must have:

- A text editor

- A translator

- An editor of links

2. The allocation of resources needed to execute programs is done by identifying: the programs that are running, the need for memory, peripheral devices and data protection requirements.

3. Facilities for data compression, sorting, mixing, cataloging and maintenance of libraries, through utility programs available.

4. Plan implementation works according to certain criteria, for efficient use of central processing unit.

5. Assisting implementation of programs through computer-user communication system, at both hardware and software level.

Examples of operating systems:BS2000,BS3000,DOS,PC-DOS,MS-DOS,LINUX,SOLARIS,MAC OS,UNIX,WINDOWS

In Edgar Lee Master's poem, "Mrs. Kessler," what exactly does it mean? Is Mrs. Kessler a busybody or is she a nice woman providing for her family?

Masters does not seem to want his readers to view Mrs. Kessler as either a busybody or a nice woman.  She obviously holds some disdain for her husband because she mentions that while he gossips or sits at home, she is the one out working to provide for the family. Otherwise, she is quite objective about the people for whom she does laundry.  She observes that there are "stains" that will not come out, metaphorically referring to mistakes that people make that cannot be undone, but she does not seem to judge anybody (other than her husband).

Mrs. Kessler does possess some self-importance.  She mentions that

"the laundress [she], Life, knows all about it" (17),

suggesting that because she has had access to everyone's secrets over the years, she is omniscient when it comes to Life's complexities. She also attends every funeral in Spoon River which certainly shows that she is a curious person, but again, it also demonstrates her objectivity at not choosing some funerals to attend over others. Her observation at the poem's end that all dead faces look "washed and ironed" closes out her extended comparison of humans and laundry and advances her objective view that all humans end up the same way.

List the elements of science.list

 I am trying to determine if you are referring to the Periodic table that lists the elements found on earth or the key factors involved in science.  I am responding to the key factors involved in science because I think this is what you are leaning towards.

Science is  the study and exploration of the systems in the universe.  Key components of science include but are not limited to: Identification of species and their function, exploration of physical, biological, and chemical, and universal systems.  Presentation and documentation of theoretical outcomes.  Enhancement of the quality of life.  Protection of environments.  Decreased negative effects on environments.  Exploration of celestial bodies.

These are just a few key factors involved in the field of science today.

If you are leaning towards the Periodic table and the listing of the elements I have provided you with a site that lists the elements in alphabetical order. The elements listed on the periodic table are divided into alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, noble gases or inert elements, transition elements or transition metals, inner transition elements or inner transition metals, and rare earth elements.

In A Separate Peace how do the minor characters show that friendship reveals one's lack of virtue?

Leper is a good minor character to look at as a person who reveals people's weaker sides.  He is a nerdy kid who is rather eccentric, and so gets a lot of grief from the other guys.  Any time he is around, the other characters turn mean, petty, and offensive.  We see them belittle Leper, make fun of him, and go out of their way to make him feel ostracized.  It doesn't paint a very flattering picture of most of the guys at the school.  Leper, becuase he is a bit irritating and different, brings that out in them as he tries to make friends with them.  Gene is one of his best friends, because at the beginning at least, he doesn't really participate in those behavoirs.  However, later, when Gene goes to Leper's house after Leper's war experience, we see Gene in an unflattering light.  Instead of being a supportive, helpful friend to Leper in his time of need and confusion, Gene instead displays a total lack of virtue as he insults Leper, yells at him, and runs away from the situation.  Gene is selfish, catering to his own fears and insecurities over those of Leper's.

Brinker is another minor character who reveals people's flaws.  He is buds with Gene and Finny, but in the end brings out their worst side.  He forces Gene into a position in the boiler room where Gene lies and belittles another boy in order to take the focus off of him.  At the mock trial, he drives Finny to cursing and yelling, something that is so rare for him that it is very shocking indeed.  Brinker's rather aggressive pursual of the tree incident shows him to be a merciless and unkind person too.

Those are just a couple minor characters, but both of them serve to bring out some rather unpleasant traits in the friends that they have.  I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

Compare the two poems "After Apple Picking'" by Robert Frost and "Apples" by Laurie Lee.simliarities in both ? constrast in themes style...

To me, there is not that much that is similar about these poems.  Of course, they both have apples in them and talk some about what happens to the apples, but that's about it.

Frost's poem is much less happy than Lee's.  To me, the theme of this poem is about how hard it was to pick the apples -- the work of it still sticks in his dreams.  So he is looking at the apples as work.  He is seeing them (probably they are just metaphors for other things) as things that he has to work hard to get and he is sort of down about it.

In contrast, Lee portrays the apples as natural and symbols of carefree life.  The apples just fall and whatever gets them (deer, wasps, worms) gets them -- it's okay.  The narrators attitude towards them is that she will take what she gets and it's all okay.

So Frost's poem is about working hard and being a bit sad about how hard and pointless it is.  Lee's is about taking things as them come and not stressing.

In Perfume: The Story of a Murderer how is the ending, where Grenoille is killed "out of love" ironic?

The ending of Perfume:  The Story of a Murderer is just as bizarre and unique as the rest of the story is.  To have Grenoille concoct his own death in such a painful and flashy way surely ended the novel on a memorable note.  In doing so, Grenoille gives admittance to several things. First, his talent is beyond comprehension--to develop a perfume that would drive people out of their rational minds, to commit cannibalism, is simply unbelievable.  Secondly, that that immense talent was dangerous, evil, and uncontrollabe, not only by him, but by anyone who came into contact with its full force.  Thirdly, Grenoille admits that he is miserable, and that the perfume has given him all that he could ever get out of it, and can no longer do him any good.  His experience with the crowded town and the orgiastic chaos that he caused to erupt was the pinnacle of his life, and there was nothing left to do--after that, his gift was just a burden, and he had no purpose in living anymore.

The irony in the statement at the end is multi-layered.  On a symbolic level, to take Grenoille out of the world is an act of love for everyone else who might have been endangered by his obsession with perfect scent.  To kill him is to love life, because he destroyed it.  Also, Grenoille wanted to die, and for the first time in his life, people did something for him--they showed him kindness by helping him to die.  It could be seen as an act of love for him.  On a more literal level, his smell was so enticing that they literally loved him as they consumed him, in the way that we love a good steak.  It sounds morbid, but there you have it.  The irony in all of these interpretations is that in "loving" him, they brutally murdered him.  That is not quite what one would expect.

I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!

I'm in AZ. If I purchase an auto from a dealer and pay in full but don't take delivery, am I an owner?

I am not aware of the exact laws as applicable in Az, however world over the there are lot of common features in laws relating to sale and purchase. As per these general provisions of law we can identify several distinct component sub-transactions within a complete sale and purchase transaction which frequently take place at different times. These are:

• Establishment of a contract between the seller and purchaser to respectively sell and buy the product product on agreed terms and condition.


• Delivery of the product by seller to customer.


• Payment for the product by purchaser to supplier.


• Transfer of ownership of goods from seller to buyer.

Contract terms among others specify the payment terms, delivery terms and, point of time when ownership of the goods is transferred. Please note that, except for the first of these activities, there is no fixed sequence in which the activities take place. A seller may insist on payment in advance, against delivery, or on credit. Similarly a seller may deliver a product like auto on trial, with the provision that the product may be returned if found unsatisfactory. In this case the product is delivered but ownership is not transferred. In another instance the buyer may select a product and ask the seller to make some alterations in the product before delivery. In this case the instructions for alterations of the product may be construed as transfer of ownership even though physical delivery is not made. In case of, automobiles another test of ownership is the owner as declared in the automobile registration. Thus if, seller instructs the concerned authority to transfer a particular automobile in name of a purchaser, it will clearly establish that the ownership has been transferred from seller to buyer.

Alternatively if the buyer is not able to identify a particular automobile as his property, it will be rather difficult to establish transfer of ownership even if cost of the auto has been paid in full in advance. In such cases the owner can take appropriate legal action for non performance of agreed contract, which may include forcing the  seller to deliver an auto as per the agreed specifications and transfer its ownership. Alternatively you can insist on refund of the advance paid.

Grade 8 Science and Technology Strand 5: Water Systems Write down two things that you know about rivers:Science Grade 8

A river is a large body of water that flows over land in long channels. Rivers are formed when water from sources such as rain, melting ice, subsoil water ot other sources gets collected in narrow strips of low lying lands and flows further down to even lower lands. If a river does not find such strips of low lying land, the water of river accumulates where such barrier to its flow is encountered, forming lakes.Rivers drain its water in other rivers sea pr big lakes.

Rivers very greatly in size which is measured in terms of its length or in terms of rate of flow of water through it. The longest river in the world is river Nile in Africa. and the biggest river in terms of flow of water is the Amazon River in South America.

The various streams that flo from the source of a river are called its headwaters. At the end of the river is its mouth where it drains into another river, lake or an ocean. Headwaters has the highest elevation point along entire course of river, and the mouth has the lowest elevation.

What was the secret omen?

The "secret omen" the children had been waiting for is a shooting star, signalling their ability to return to Egypt.    In my edition, this occurs on pg. 96. 

Here's an excerpt:

"A shooting star!"  Everybody repeated it in whispered unison as if they'd been rehearsed.  Then everybody looked at April.  She nodded.  "The secret omen," she said slowly, making every syllable heavy with significance.  Marshall started turning around and around, smelling the air. 

In Beowulf, why does Grendel become angry with Hrothgar and the men in the hall?

The noise from the building of the great hall, Herot, as well as the noise generated from the many parties held there irritated Grendel who was used to having control over this area...so Grendel did what every neighbor does when you're angry about too much noise; tear their limbs off.

Who is the better person in Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein: the monster or Doctor Frankenstein?

Because this is a subjective question, it is certainly up to each individual to decide based on his definition of "better." Establishing some criterion for who is the better human being will help you make your own decision.

First, determine which of the two characters most values life. Victor Frankenstein seems to be the one who most values life, since he manages to give life to another human being; however, as soon as it is clear that the monster does not meet his expectations, Frankenstein promptly and thoroughly disowns him. On the other hand, the monster wants to become part of society but of course is shunned. Though he commits several murders, he has no other outlet for his hurt than to take revenge on the man who gave him life and then disowned him. So, one man gives life but wishes he had not; another wants to life a full life but cannot and instead takes several lives to punish his careless creator. Who values life more?

Second, examine the behaviors and motives of both men. Frankenstein is driven by his selfish desire for more knowledge (and his pride in wanting to best his teachers and fellow scientists). He displays little interest in the end result, not as a man and not even as the product of his experiment. The monster, as we know, did commit several murders; however, he also did several kind things (such as saving a girl from drowning) and does feel guilty for his wrongdoings--something Frankenstein never does. Which of them acts and thinks in ways that display the better aspects of human nature?

Finally, determine which of them exhibits more human emotions and empathy. The doctor acts only in his own self-interests throughout the novel, and when the monster asks (okay, demands) that he make a female monster for him so he will not be so lonely and such an outcast, Frankenstein cruelly reneges on his promise. The monster regretfully says, “...once I falsely hoped to meet the beings who, pardoning my outward form, would love me for the excellent qualities which I was capable of unfolding.” Which of them exhibits greater humanity?

If you decide that the doctor is the better person, it is ironic that people who have not read the novel  (or seen the movie) assume that Frankenstein is the monster in the story. If you determine that the monster is the better human, it is apt that Shelley gave such a monstrous name to the title character of her novel. 

What's the relationship between Hrothgar and his retainers or vassals in Beowulf?

Hrothgar is the King.  His people are "retained" through loyalty and love.  In Anglo-Saxon times, loyalty and family ties meant everything.  Hence, Grendel is such a monster mainly because he is descended of Cain, who murdered his own brother.  Crimes against family, blood, and loyalty oaths were considered unforgiveable.

So, anyone fighting to protect Hrothgar would have received the pledge that the King would take care of him as Hrothgar expected the warrior to protect the King.  As payment for a warrior's loyalty, Hrothgar often gave rings or other trinkets of wealth.  This is how the kings of the time period came to be known as "the ring-givers".   The bond can only be honorably broken through death.

What is the capital of the city sham or shaam?

As far as I can tell, there is not a city called Sham and Shaam.  To make sure, I googled it and also looked in my very large (National Geographic) atlas.

Besides, cities do not have capitols.  A capital is the city where the government of a country (or an American state) is centered.

I think perhaps what you are thinking of is the country of Siam.  This was the name that was previously used to refer to the country that is now Thailand.  The capital of that country is Bangkok.

What is Lady Macbeth's "prayer" to the spirits after she learns Duncan is missing?

First of all, concerning your question about Shakespeare's Macbeth, Duncan isn't missing.  In fact, he's on his way to the Macbeths' castle, and Lady Macbeth is extremely happy and excited about it. 

She thinks of the idea of assassinating King Duncan earlier in Act 1.5 after she reads a letter from her husband.  The letter informs her about the prediction that Macbeth will be king.  She expresses at that time that she is worried her husband has too many scruples to assassinate Duncan.  He has plenty of determination and drive (he's a successful captain, after all), but he may not want to do the actual assassination, though he would certainly be happy once it was over. 

In the speech you ask about, Lady Macbeth is "praying" to have every ounce of any feminine characteristics eliminated from her mind.  She doesn't want any kindness or mercy to stop her from assassinating Duncan. 

She pleads for the "spirits" to "unsex me here": remove female characteristics and make her more like an aggressive, merciless man.  She pleads to be filled with "direst cruelty."  She pleads for the spirits to replace her mother's milk with poison.  Then she pleads for smoke to cover the area so heaven won't see what she is doing and stop her.

Ironically, the fact that she feels the need to undergo this transformation suggests that she is worried not just about Macbeth not being ruthless enough to go ahead with an assassination, but that she is also worried about herself not being able to go through with an assassination.  And we find out in Act 2.2 that, indeed, she is not able.  She cannot bring herself to do the actual stabbing, because the sleeping Duncan reminds her of her father.  There are multiple personality traits in the character of Lady Macbeth.

How does a polemic essay begin and how would you write it on bariatric surgery?

A polemic essay is very similar to an argumentative essay: it is an essay where a controversial topic is argued.  To begin a polemic essay, I think the best place to start would be to introduce the controversial topic.  What is it?  What makes it controversial?  What are the opinions of the people for and against this?  I am not certain as to whether or not your professor wants you to take a stand either way on this topic, but if he or she does, I would probably end the introduction by stating which side of the debate you reside on.  I don't know anything about bariatric surgery other than it is used to help obese patients lose weight.  So, my introduction would define what bariatric surgery is, and then explain why it is considered controversial (this probably has something to do with the fact that it is potentially life-threatening).  The rest of the essay should provide the reader with the facts and opinions from both sides.  In the conclusion, restate your thesis.

How does the supernatural mingle with the mundane in the bloody chamber stories? Examples of how/where Carter does this?

In Angela Carter's short story, "The Bloody Chamber," there are two specific examples of her use of the supernatural.

Details surrounding the major characters are relatively straightforward, however, the supernatural comes into play with regard to the key to the "forbidden" room. When the young wife drops the key in a puddle of blood where the bodies are hidden, the key becomes stained. When she tries to clean the blood off, crimson stains go down the drain, as if the key itself is bleeding, but it will not come clean.

When the woman's husband prepares to kill her, he takes the enchanted key and presses it against her forehead, where it leaves a stain, like a brand in the shape of a heart, between her eyebrows. It is as if the key has been harmed in some way in that it bleeds like a fresh wound.

In both instances, the key is enchanted; it becomes stained and will not be cleaned, and it bleeds not only in the sink, but onto the skin of the young wife's forehead, from where it cannot be removed. This power that the key seems to have adds a sense of foreboding to the story, for how can one hope to fight something that is supernatural?

It also adds to the sense of power the narrator's husband has: not just his physical power, but the sense one gets of his ability to know her actions without being with her. When he leaves his wife with the keys, she later realizes that he did so because he knew she would go into the one room that was forbidden. This might refer to a supernatural sense, or simply the man's ability to accurately judge human nature, and anticipate his wife's behavior.

How is Jem handling the verdict? What doesn't he want Scout to do? What did Mr. Underhill write an editorial on in the newspaper? In Chapter 25.

Jem takes the guilty verdict of Tom Robinson harder than Scout or Atticus. While Dill had cried earlier in the trial:

    Now it was Jem's turn to cry. His face was streaked with angry tears as we made our way throught the cheerful crowd...
    "It ain't right, Atticus," Jem said.
    "No son, it's not right."

Miss Maudie tried to soothe Jem's hurt with a large slice of cake, and then she explained that not everyone was happy with the verdict.

In Chapter 25, Scout directs Scout not to "mash" the roly poly that she was preparing to annihilate. It is a direct response to the death of Tom Robinson and, like Tom, the roly poly is undeserving of death.

In his editorial, Mr. Underwood "was at his most bitter," and he reiterated the same thought as Jem had silently conveyed to Scout. It was a sin to kill cripples, he said, even if they were escaping.

He likened Tom's death to the senseless slaughter of songbirds by hunters and children.

Suggest guidelines for the design of shift schedule.My asked question is related with ergonomics topic - Shift Work

The previous answers focus on the impact of the schedule on the worker. My answer will focus on the reason for the schedule and how to design one to make the most efficient use of your personnel. There are 6 considerations:

1. Coverage requirements. The starting point for all schedule design should be the coverage requirements. If the facility operates 24/7, how many people need to be working at different times of the day? Does this stay the same throughout the week? For this discussion, let's assume that the facility needs 2 people working at all times.

2. Shift length. The most common shift lengths for 24 hour operations are 8 hours and 12 hours. The reason is that these divide evenly into a 24-hour day. Although 10-hour shifts are popular with employees, they don't divide evenly into 24 hours, making them a poor scheduling option.

3. Schedule format. Once the shift length is selected, the next question is the schedule format, i.e. whether you want fixed (permanent) shifts or rotating shifts. As a general rule, employees prefer fixed shifts while employers prefer rotating shifts. Before moving on, I would like to point out the 8-hour fixed shifts are often an inefficient scheduling option. You can use them, but it may require 1-3 more employees than other scheduling options.

4. Overtime. Most 24/7 schedules have a small amount of overtime built into them. If they didn't, there would be gaps in the coverage or the facility would have to hire more staff. Most organizations find that the overtime in the schedule is much less expensive than hiring adequate staff, especially when you consider the cost of benefits for the additional staff.

5. Pay week. Since most shift workers are non-salaried, they are subject to federal labor laws that require overtime premiums after 40 hours work per week. Although people don't think about this, the start of the pay week is important to schedule design for two reasons: (a) you don't want a schedule that creates unbalanced work weeks such as 32 hours one week and 48 hours the next week, and (b) you don't want to invoke overtime payments unnecessarily because the schedule didn't match the organization's pay week.

6. Schedule patterns. Once you addressed all the previous points, now is the time to consider different patterns of days worked and days off. With 8-hour shifts, the most popular patterns tend to be those that feature 7 consecutive days of work before having one or more days off. The reason is that this provides the maximum weekends off (1 every 4 weeks). With 12-hour shifts, there are several popular patterns such as Every Other Weekend Off, Long Break, 3-on-3-off, 4-on-4-off, split weekends, fixed-fixed, etc.

Of course there are other considerations such as shift start times, break policies, paid time-off policies, relief (absence) coverage, etc. that must be considered. But this gives you the high-level view of the schedule design process. You may be able to find schedule examples online, but the options will be limited and the potential problems (particularly the pay week) will be substantial.

The Kite RunnerDuring the confrontation with Assef in Wazir Akar Khan ,Amir develops a scar what is the significances of that scar and why is it...

In the book "The Kite Runner" Assef has been the antagonist for Hassan and Amir.  It is Assef who has raped Hassan and bullied Amir.  Amir had spent his life running from the meories of Assf only to be plagued by insomnia.  He hates himself for not having stood up to Assef when he harmed Hassan.  The incident reshaped his life and perception of himself.

After Amir receives the letter from his father's friend Rahim, he travels to Afghanistan.  He learns that Hassan and his wife were murdered by the Taliban.  He also finds out that Hassan was his half-brother.  Hassan has a son who has been taken by the militants.  He sets out on a journey to bring the boy back.

Amir has never been brave, but he knows that he owes it to Hassan.  He goes to get the boy.  He wears a disguise but is recognized by the man who holds the boy captive.  The man is Assef.  Assef has the boy dressed like a girl.  He makes him dance in front of Amir and touches the boy.  Amir tells him he wants the boy, but Assef says they have an old fight to finish.  Amir, who has never stood up before, fights Assef and takes the boy to safety.  The scars are his proof to himself that he finally deserves to forgive himself.  He had stood up and defend Hassan's son, and protected him.  He saved the boy and later will adopt him.

Why do you think the muscles of the body quickly run out of oxygen during heavy exercise, and begin lactic acid fermentation?

It was found that when a normal and healthy humans is in a state of relaxation is inhaling from 6 to 8 liters of air per minute, of which about 0.3 liters of oxygen are transferred from the pulmonary socket to blood. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and expired. When the same person is involved in an activity which requires the most muscles, may inhale 100 liters of air per minute, from which to extract 5 liters of oxygen.

Normally, arterial blood contains about 18% oxygen, expressed by volume (transported by hemoglobin in red blood cells). If inhaling pure oxygen, this percentage increased to 18.5%. During resting tissues absorb oxygen at a rate which decreases to 18% the oxygen percentage from blood arteriosus to about 12% in venous blood. This is the arterio-venous difference.

On the other hand during exercises the blood can give  to tissues up to 15% oxygen, nearly 2.5 times more than during relaxation. Biological properties of hemoglobin have an important role in adjusting the body during exercise.

In the past it was believed that muscle fever is due to "deposit" of lactic acid (a substance resulted from metabolism of carbohydrates to release energy needed to ATP restoration) which is supposed to be accumulated in muscle, following intense exercises. It turned out it was a wrong assumption, lactic acid is removed from the muscles more quickly, 98% being removed from the trained muscles,  in about 1 hour and 30 minutes (with 50% in the first 15 minutes), so too quickly to lead to fever muscle for several days. Lactic acid actually cause muscle fatigue and not muscle fever.

What is the dominant motif of Book 7 of Vergil's Aeneid?main theme.

The seventh book of Vergil's Aeneid both mathematically and thematically launches the second half of this epic poem. Whereas some scholars regard the first six books of the Aeneid as being most comparable to Homer's Odyssey, the final six books are most comparable to Homer's Iliad. If this is the case, then Aeneas, in the second half of the poem, show begin to show similarities to Achilles. Given that Aeneas will begin to appear more like Achilles in the Iliad, we can expect that war will dominate the second half of the poem. Given this shift in tone from the Odyssean to the Achillean, Vergil offers a second invocation to the Muse:

                                         I’ll tell of brutal war,

I’ll tell of battle action, and princes driven to death

by their courage, of Trojan armies, and all of Hesperia

forced to take up arms. (A.S. Kline translation)

This second invocation of the Muse clearly emphasizes the theme of Book 7 and the poem's second half. Thus, in Aeneid 7, madness and fervor concerning the approaching war between Aeneas and his allies and Turnus and his allies occupies the central position of the book.

Is Hester Prynne a secular saint in "The Scarlet Letter"? Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter"

Since the word secular means not of the religious sect, the Reverend Dimmesdale cannot be considered as the possible saint.  And, since the physician, Roger Chillingworth is likened to the black man of the forest because of his look and behavior, it is unlikely that he is the secular saint, either.

Therefore, there is only one main character remaining:  Hester Prynne.  Is she a saint, though?  With her charitable works and more humble attitude, her fellow townspeople do come to view the scarlet letter on her breast as signifying "Angel" and "Able," rather than as adulterer. They may perceive her differently because after time her mark and burden have given her sympathies "so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind" that there is a communion of this pain with others, although they not recognize this as such. In Chapter XIII, Hawthorne writes of Hester,

...a species of general regard had ultimately grown up in reference to Hester Prynne.  It is to the credit of human nature, that, except where its selfishness is brought into play, it loves more readily than it hates.  Hatred, by a gradual and quiet process, will even be transformed to love, unless the change be impeded by a continually new irritation of the original feeling of hostility.  In this matter of Hester Prynne, there was neither irritation nor irksomeness  She never battled with the public, but submitted, uncomplainingly, to its worst usage; she made no claim upon it, in requital for what she suffered, she did not weigh upon its sympathies.  Then, also, the blameless purity of her life during all these years in which she had been set apart to infamy, was reckoned in her favour.  With nothing now to lose, in the sight of mankind...it could only be a genuine regard for virtue that had brought back the poor wanderer to its paths....she was quick to give of her little substance to every demand of poverty....In all seasons of calamity...she came as an inmate into the houshold...there glimmered the embroidered letter, with comfort in its unearthly ray....Hester's nature showed itself warm and rich....She was self-ordained a Sister of Mercy....

Virtuous, humble, charitable, lovin, and kind; Hester Prynne possesses the traits of a saint, indeed, but yet a saint who knows much of the world.  Truly, she can be considered a secular saint. 

Interestingly, however, although Hawthorne suggests that, contrary to Puritan teachings, there is redemption allowed to the sinner who admits to the sin and then commits good works, he makes the comment that the scarlet letter "has not done its office."  For, although Hester does good deeds and is much humbled, she does not regret her sin of passion as the Puritan leaders would have her do so; instead, she yet loves Dimmesdale as much as ever, if not more.

In Romeo and Juliet, how does the marriage intensify the conflict between Tybalt and Romeo?

In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet when Romeo arrives during the confrontation between Mercutio and Tybalt, his attempts to arbitrate and ameliorate the animosity between Tybalt and him causes more problems.  For, Tybalt is enraged at Romeo for having the effrontery to say that he loves him:

Romeo, the hate I bear thee can afford/No better term than this--thou art a villain.

Tybalt, the reason that I have to love thee/Doth much excuse the appertaining rage./To such a greeting.  Villain am I none,/Therefore frewell. I see thou know'st me not.

Boy, this shall not excuse the injuries/That thou hast done me, therefore, turn and draw. (III,i,49-55)

Then, this choleric outcry, added to what he perceives as weakness in Romeo, causes Mercutio to become incensed:

Oh, clam, dishonorable, vile submission!/Alla stoccata carries it away. [Draws a sword] (III,i,61-62)

Thus, the well-meaning intervention of Romeo certainly goes awry and causes more conflict. Even later, when Juliet learns that her beloved cousin Tybalt has been killed by the hand of Romeo, Juliet is conflicted in her grief and torn between her affections for both men.

The Murder in the Cathedral is about a martyrdom that occurred in 1170. Does it still have meaning for a contemporary audience?

Absolutely!  This play is not just about the killing of Thomas a Becket, it is about standing up for what is right in the face of unpopularity.  Henry wanted Thomas to allow him to use his friendship and his church title to abuse the power of the church for Henry's benefit.  Thomas would not allow this abuse of power to happen--a very honorable and courageous display of not giving into peer pressure.

Who among us is not faced with that on a daily basis?  We need not fool ourselves into thinking that someone as powerful as Henry II is breathing down our necks, but we do face these challenges--gossip at the office or nip it in the bud? Go with friends to a New Year's Eve party and drive home inibriated or stand up for the right thing to do and call a non-impaired friend/family member to come pick us up? Do drugs to fit in, or "Just Say 'No'" and risk being unpopular?  Join a gang or dare to remain independent?  Show my intelligence at school or be "cool" and act dumb? 

The power struggle may not be the same, but the issues are very real and extremely relevant to today's world. 

What are the theories of popular literature?I mean if we can understand the popular literature, then what are the theories, i mean how can we...

Popular literature is distinguished from artistic literature in that it is designed both to appeal to a large range of people and to entertain. It usually does not contain, nor does it seek to contain, a great deal of the artistic elements of fiction such as complex character development, themes that touch upon the major conflicts of literature, imagery, etc. Popular literature usually does not endure throughout the ages, nor is this the intent of it. This does not mean, however, that artistic literature cannot be popular. It's just that this is not the main intent of artistic literature.

With the invention of modern printing techniques, and most recently the Internet, almost anyone can write almost anything. That also means that almost anyone that can read can find something in the realm of popular literature that appeals to him.

Popular literature can include novels, magazines and nowadays blogs. Within this broad category are many sub-genres. For example, many people enjoy reading mystery stories and there are tons of popular mystery writers. Others enjoy reading so-called "romance" novels. Another popular sub-genre is the horror story.

If you go into any bookstore and browse the shelves, you will see that a great majority of the material fits into the category of popular literature. You have to go to a special section of the bookstore to find the "literature section" or sometimes what is called "the classics". In these sections, you will find artistic literature, the literature which has endured throughout the ages - Shakespeare, Mark Twain, Herman Melville, Nathanial Hawthorne, Jane Austen, etc.

As to theories of popular literature - I'm not sure what this means and perhaps someone more knowledgeable will answer this part. We English teachers tend to be literary snobs, so my definition of a theory of popular literature would be: WRITE WHATEVER SELLS.

What is a summary of the poem "If" by Rudyard Kipling?

In "If" by Rudyard Kipling, the poet gives directions for growing into manhood to one he calls "my son". In the first stanza calm equilibrium, trust in one's self, response to lies, hating, waiting are addressed, and he adds that looking too good and being too wise are not desirable. In the second, he talks about dreaming, thinking, meeting with good fortune and meeting with bad fortune, distortions of you words by others and the need to "stoop and build" again when all in life is broken around you.

In the third stanza, he talks about taking risks and starting again without complaining if the risk doesn't pay off and about forcing yourself to not give up and go on despite all odds by the power of your will to say "Hold on".  In the fourth, he talks about maintaining virtue and humility; about loving without being devastated by what friends or foes do; and about valuing all people but none so much that some count more than others.

The last lines of the fourth stanza are the most famous. Dustin Hoffman delivered a version of the idea in Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium (2007). The last lines admonish "my son," and all who read or hear the lines, to fill the "unforgiving" relentless march of time with "sixty seconds" worth of forward movement--of no specified sort, so walking, talking, not complaining, stooping to rebuild, thinking can all suffice to fill the sixty-seconds--with the result being unhampered fulfillment of your humanity ("Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it").

Reflecting the gender division between the public accomplishment of men and the private accomplishment consigned to women, the poet concludes that following the advice he has laid out will constitute a rite of passage into manhood. Today, of course, when the gender division between public accomplishment and private accomplishment has been subverted, we would prefrer to mentally revise the last phrase "you'll be a Man my son!"  to read "you'll be Humankind, my child."

Why did Ruskin say about Shakespeare that Shakespeare has only heroines no heroes?

"Shakespeare provided Ruskin with extensive literary evidence that great men were never as admirable as great women, enabling him to use Shakespeare’s authority, together with Dante’s, to celebrate female virtue over male. This acknowledgement of the impaired virtues of Shakespeare’s heroes, which went aslant the dominant tradition of Shakespeare scholarship Ruskin inherited, was partly shaped by Ruskin’s thoughts on the failures of modern manhood,..." Pascale Aebischer (Darwin College, Cambridge).

Ruskin's argument that Shakespeare has no heroes, only heroines is founded in the definition of hero as applied to the male leads in Shakespeare's play, he excepts the biographical character of Henry V, and on the roles of the heroines. The most thorough definition given in relation to this discussion of Ruskin's assessment is cited by A.L.B. in the Tuftonian, Volume 22, which is said to have been taken from the Standard Dictionary: "A man of distinguished valor, intrepidity, or enterprise in danger; a prominent or central personage in any remarkable action or event; one who exhibits extraordinary firmness, fortitude, and intellectual greatness in any course of action." As Ruskin applies the total concept of hero, as illustrated by this definition, to each of Shakespeare's hero's, Ruskin finds that each one falls short of fulfilling this concept. When examining the heroines, it becomes clear they they are the characters imbued with heroic qualities and who fulfill the heroic tasks and roles.

For example, consider Orland (As You like it) and Othello (Othello) along with Hero (Much Ado About Nothing) and Rosalind (As You Like It). Though each male character is replete with masculine heroic qualities, each fails dramatically to carry their qualities through to a successful completion in resolving the issues of the play. Orlando is first duped, then helped and saved by Rosalind. Othello is manipulated and as changeable as the wind in his ideas and affections, while Hero has constancy of character, idea, belief and behavior and is the one who heroically reveals all the truths and brings the resolution of the play its heroic end. Shakespeare even went so far as to name her Hero, perhaps so that his point may not be lost in subtlty. Shakespeare and his contemporary Edmund Spenser were both singing the praises of Queen Elizabeth and Shakespeare seems to have been in earnest in applying the lessons taught to the world by Queen Elizabeth about women to womankind in general, although he justly gave a fair picture of the good and less than good in both sexes as is witnessed by Phoebe (As You Like It) in Arden Forest.

I know that Life of Pi is based on true events. However, how much of the novel is fact and how much is fiction? The author's notes lend credibility...

It's probably impossible to tell, without author explanation. Certainly, events like the shipwreck are most likely fiction.  In fact, the author "sprinkles the novel with italicized memories of the "real" Pi Patel and wonders in his author's note whether fiction is "the selective transforming of reality, the twisting of it to bring out its essence."

Ultimately, it may not matter which is which, as the author is successful in explaining his tale.

Who are the round and flat characters in Golding's Lord of the Flies and why?

When William Golding's Lord of the Flies was published in 1955 in New York, The New York Times Book Review declared it an allegory, and since then many critics have concurred with this judgment.  Certainly, Golding's novel is in response to the 1857 British work, "The Coral Island" by R. M. Ballantyne in which a group of Victorian boys are shipwrecked on a tropical island, but the boys conquer the external evil of the cannibals on the island.

As an allegorical response to the question of man's struggle against evil, the characters of "Lord of the Flies" are far less complicated that those of typical novels.  Therefore, it is a difficult task to pigeon-hole these characters as "flat" or "round" since allegorical characters represent abstract qualities rather than act as individual personages in a regular narrative.  Piggy, for instance, represents the adult world of society with its rationality and order and rules.  His glasses are symbolic of rational thought and common sense; when they are broken, the order of the group is damaged.  And, when they are stolen from Piggy by Jack, chaos wins; all rationality is gone.  It is then that Roger, who represents unbridled sadism and evil, throws Piggy against the rocks, those atavistic vestiges of time that smash his brain. 

Is Piggy a round or flat character? He is more than a character, for he represents the abstract qualities of reason and order.  That Piggy stands for reason is evident on the final page as Ralph weeps for

the end of innocence, the darkness of man's heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise, friend called Piggy.

Similarly, Roger is neither a round or flat character as he represents the sadism in man held only in check by the punishment of society. His description in Chapter 4 verifies this abstraction:  He is dark, gloomy, with black hair that runs down the nape of his neck and low on his forehead.  When little Henry plays seaside, Roger stoops for a stone, "that token of preposterous time," bouncing it near Henry.  Only the conditioning of "a civilisation that knew nothing of him and was in ruins" stays Roger's arm.  Later, once the conditioning of civilisation wears off, Roger--innate evil--emerges in the forest and dashes Piggy against the "tokens of preposterous time" and kills him.

Little Simon, inarticulate and quiet, represents the spiritual side of man; the intuition.  He alone recognises the inherent evil in the boys, for as he is faced by the Lord of the Flies, he hears it say, "You knew, didn't you?"  Intuitively, Simon identifies Beelezebub, knowing that the evil of men is internal, rather than an external beast.

Jack represents leadership by intimidation.  At first, he maintains some order as leader of the boys' choir, but his fear causes him to act tough. To hide his humiliation when he tries to discredit Ralph, Jack leads an uprising and becomes chief of the hunters. Outside the realm of Piggy and Ralph, reason and order, he makes rules that are enforced with physical punishment--a job for the sadistic Roger. 

On the other hand, Ralph represents leadership by government and order and common sense.  However, as hardships and tension increase, Ralph loses hold of his leadership and his common sense.  His struggle with Jack indicates the conflict between order and savagery.

While Ralph and Jack are allegorical, there can be an argument for them as rounded characters, for they seem to have more than one salient characteristic unlike all the others. For instance, Ralph, like a real boy, has flaws.  He ridicules Piggy at times, he grows angry, he enjoys a pig hunt, succumbing to his more savage nature; he becomes frustrated when the others will not listen, he recognizes that Piggy can think better than he--regretfully, in fact.  Ralph is not static in his nature; he tries to learn and change.   Likewise, Jack makes efforts at first to be part of the entire group by saying he will be in charge of certain tasks.  But, his pride makes him desire to be leader, and when he cannot win leadership in an orderly fashion, he usurps it as he steals the fire.

What is the tone in "Da-duh in Memoriam"?

The narratorial tone in "Da-duh in Memoriam" is personal and somewhat distant at the beginning of the story but changes to less personal, more factual and is at a greater distance at the end of the story. The narrator's voice is that of a nine-year old girl going to Barbados to meet her grandmother and see a sugar plantation for the first time. The narrator is actually an adult at the time of the telling but she is speaking from her long distant nine-year-old self as she recollects the events in the story. She is personally involved but her emotions are distanced and she sees emotional events as through the eyes of an outsider to the island of Barbados.

At the end of the story, the narratorial tone switches as the narrator and her family leave Barbados for America. The narrator tells the events surrounding the emigration from Barbados through the voice of her adult self and steps back even further from emotional involvement while providing more factual information. In the last paragraph, a new tone of regret and guilt enters the narrative along with a lessening of the distance as she reveals her emotional ties to past events.

In A Separate Peace evaluate whether Gene and Finny are moral characters.(ie. does each follow established ideas of morality)?

Finny definitely has a personal moral code, and the best example of it is when he breaks the school record for swimming, but refuses to tell anyone about it.  In fact, he outright tells Gene not to mention it to anyone.  So, he just accomplished this major feat, and refuses to brag.  This suggests that he enjoys challenging himself, and setting new heights for himself, but that the act is only for his own satisfaction.  He doesn't want to bring others down or make them feel bad just because he's good at something.  This is also seen in all of the sports awards that he has won--he has one numerous awards, all related to being a good sport, being a good competitor, and setting an example of comraderie on the teams.  So, he plays and does things for the challenge, not to put other people down.  His moral codes states challenge yourself, but not by stepping on others.  The way that he includes everyone in games also states that he believes in making people feel good about themselves.  He also believes that you should be doing all that you can in any situation, as seen in his desire to be a part of the action in the war.  He doesn't have a problem breaking established rules at the school, as long as breaking them fits his other codes of challenging himself, including others, having fun, and being a part of the action.

Gene's moral code follows along with more standardized rules; he doesn't like breaking rules and is very uncomfortable with it.  He even gets mad when Finny gets away with it--he feels people should be punished for breaking rules.  He doesn't like lying--when Finny says he's his best friend, Gene doesn't lie and reciprocate the compliment, because he knows he doesn't feel that way.  So, he's rather truthful.  It bugs him that Finny doesn't know the truth about the tree, and when Brinker confronts him in the boiler room, Gene gets horrifically uncomfortable when faced with the prospect of lying.  So, Gene is a more "by-the-books" guy when it comes to honesty and following rules.

I hope that those examples helped; good luck!

What is "Preludes" about by T.S. Eliot?

This poem reflects Eliot’s early poetry in the imagist tradition. He presents little vignettes almost cinematically, as though he had selected them through the process of montage. Because these vignettes represent the reverse side of life, the antiheroic nature of modern urban existence, they cause "Preludes" somewhat to resemble the view of city life presented by Swift in "A Description of the Morning."  

The images of evening in stanza one are derived from locations just outside buildings. In the second stanza the early morning images move into the thousands of furnished rooms in which urbanized human beings spend their lives. The third stanza focuses on one of these rooms in the morning, and a woman in the room is dozing before getting up to begin the day.

One may presume that the "you" in the third stanza is female because of the image of the curled papers in the hair. The images associated with this woman are "sordid," and a damnatory statement is that her "soul" is "constituted" out of a thousand such images; in other words, the negative pictures of life are more prominent than the positive. The things she sees are the shutters, the gutters, soiled hands, and the yellow soles of feet. There is nothing idealistic or pretty here.

The identity represented by "His" in line is not clear. One may assume that a general person is intended, one of the representative nonentities who live in one of the thousands of furnished rooms, one of the faceless persons in the crowd. The meaning of "blackened street" seems to be that there is much that is bad in the urban environment (it is "blackened"), but that it too needs to be active. There is a direction in the impatience to "assume the world," but it is all in the antiheroic direction.

There are not many references to the human body, but there are some. The feet are muddy, the hand is raising a dingy shade, the hair is rolled with papers, the soles of feet are yellow, and the fingers are short and square. Images of the urban scene are more abundant. Both are equally discouraging about the development of humankind.

The idea of stanza five is that there is a power somewhere which may be able to make sense out of the urban images, and that this power, through suffering, may be able to redeem the people who are consigned to the dreariness of the city. The last stanza moves from this hope to final resignation. Have your beer, wipe the foam away, and have a good time, because the world goes on in its own way despite the best any human being can do. This idea is not dissimilar to the carpe diem tradition, but it provides a twist on the theme because of the poem’s emphasis on dreariness, not on mortality.

How are endorsements related to sponsorships?

Many times you will see sports stars, race car drivers, and especially Olympians who have "sponsors".  Someone, usually a company, has given them money to help them pay for their effort or overhead - money to maintain the racing team, to pay for the travel costs of athletics, etc. - and so the name, logo or jingle of a product or company appears on their uniform or race car, sometimes even on their bodies.  This is sponsorship but is also similar to advertising, and usually has the same purpose.  A significant portion of large companies' marketing budgets are set aside for sponsorships.

An endorsement is when you hire the person as sort of a paid pitchman.  They star in commercials, public appearances, special events, or commercials with that product, which they say is great.  Other times they'll be paid just to wear Hanes t-shirts, or golf with Top Flight golf balls.

The main (and subtle) difference, then is that endorsements are usually payment to the individual, where sponsorships are payments to support the individual or groups cause or efforts.

How many bones are in the ankle versus the number of bones in the wrist?

There are eight bones in the wrist and seven bones in the ankle.

Among the bones in the ankle are the fibula and the tibia.  These are the two bones in your lower leg.  They meet at the ankle to form a joint.  Also found there is the talus bone.  Other bones include the calcaneus (heel bone), navicular, cuboid, internal cuneiform, middle cuneiform, and external cuneiform on each side.

The bones of the wrist consist of the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate.  Each wrist has this set of bones.

How are Romeo and Juliet's feelings for each other infatuation? Explain.

Infatuation is a passion that is most often defined by these characteristics: unreasoned, foolish, short-lived, over-powering.

Romeo and Juliet don't know each other.  They have spent no time discussing their interests, beliefs, goals, or dreams.  They have not spent time together, period.  They spnd moments together.  They are carried away by their initial meeting, by physical attraction and the excitment of initial interest.  After this first meeting, they have a short exchange when Juliet is on the balcony.  Again, they don't get to know each other - they just spend time discussing their love for one another and then make a date to marry.  That's certainly quick!

Without considering how to best make their love work, they rush into marriage.  Juliet at first tries to temper Romeo's passion by showing concern for his safety and caution for their feelings - she is shortly overcome by the power of her infatuation and agrees to marry him.  They lie and encourage others to lie for them.  They have lost sight for anything or anyone but each other.  When Tybalt is killed, Juliet has but a momentary thought for her cousin.  She is more concerned about her new husband, whom she has known for just a day now. 

Their love is so over-powering that they give up their own lives for it.  Forgetting their families and their friends, their infatuation steals their sense and they react foolishly.

In the poem, "After Apple Picking", what time of year is the poem set?

I live and teach in apple country, the Yakima Valley.  Apples are harvested from Mid-September through Mid-October usually, so the poem "After Apple Picking" likely takes place in mid to late October, after the last varieties have been picked.

Another way we can tell this is by the line about "Essence of Winter sleep is on the night", which suggests that the air is cold, as in late October, maybe even early November.  He also speaks of apples hitting the ground, and being turned into cider, the byproduct of the end of harvest.

This is a person's exclusive right to publish and sell, literary musical or artistic work. i think this is an amendment

The word you are looking for is "copyright."  It is not in an amendment, but the Constitution does give Congress the right to make laws to protect these.  The Constitution does this in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8.

The reason this is important enough to be in the Constitution is that it is a right that is vital to have if you want your economy to be strong.  If people can copyright their works, they will be more likely to write books, songs, (nowadays this includes movies and software and stuff like that).  Otherwise, they will not want to do that because they'll do all the hard work and then someone else will come in and get the money.

Please discuss how this quote from Act IV, Scene 3 deals with theme of death.HAMLET Not where he eats, but where he is eaten: a certain...

Hamlet is at once making light of death and exasperating, taunting, and belittling the King.

Outraged Claudius wants to know where Hamlet has stowed Polonius's body. But he doesn't ask Hamlet that, he asks him, "Now, Hamlet, where's Polonius?" That's Hamlet's cue to play his little philosophical word games with the King. In the end (pun intended), Hamlet compares the King to a beggar's poop. Funny and gross, it's an idea sure to anger the already fed up Claudius... just what Hamlet wanted all along... to "catch the conscience of the King." Oh, he has the King's attention for sure!

Finally, Hamlet tells the King to go to hell:

KING:

Where is Polonius?

HAMLET:

In heaven. Send thither to see. If your messenger find him not there, seek him i' the other place yourself.

Ah, perfect!

Which characters in the first three chapters inform Scout about proper behaviour, and how do they tell her to act?

Scout's teacher Miss Caroline tries to tell Scout how to behave; more specifically, she tells Scout her father should not read to her at night for he will not teach her properly. Calpurnia tells Scout how to behave when she invites someone to lunch, for she is not polite to the little Cunningham boy when he pours molasses all over his food. Atticus tells Scout she needn't tell Miss Caroline they read at home, explaining that "you never understand a person until you consder things from his point of view."

Why are we better off just because we are producing more or our GDP rises?in terms of what are we better off?

To answer this question meaningfully we need to first clarify the meaning of the term "we" used in the question. If the term refers to the whole economy, an increase in GDP always indicate an improvement in the total production. However, if the term we refers to people in the economy, an increase in GDP may not necessarily indicate improvement in economic income of the people. A better measure of earning of the people is per capita GDP.

Subject to the clarification given above, we can say that GDP or production is an indicator of how much better or worse off people are only in terms of their economic condition. There are many other factors that contribute to happiness and well being of people. For example, the GDP does not take into account the impact of increased economic activity on important determinants of human welfare like environment, living conditions, crowding, and leisure time

Another major limitation of GDP is that it does not take i to consideration either the way income is distributed between people in the economy, and the purpose for which the production is used. Thus when the income distribution is highly uneven, a few people may roll in luxury of economic wealth, while a large population lives in condition of great economic poverty and misery. Also the total income of the economy may be used for purposes that may add nothing to the immediate economic welfare of the people. For example, spending on building up a stockpile of nuclear weapon and other means of mass destruction is included in GDP but it does not add to the goods and services available for consumption of people in the society.

What symbols are present in the book Fever 1793?I am trying to help my 4th grader with his book report. He has to find pictures to go along with...

A scrap of yellow cloth tied to the door of plague houses was a sign of illness within. The pushcarts moving through the city was symbolic of the dead victims that needed someone to bury them, for no one was left in the family that was willing to risk exposure. The grass growing over the mass graves was a symbol of life returning to the stricken city. The crushed bird cage was a sign that the parrot was probably dead. Grandfather's sword was a reminder of his past military triumphs and showed Mattie's strength and willingness to wield it in her grandfather's defense. The bag of coffee beans delivered to the coffeehouse at the end signalled a return of the business which Mattie would now reopen.

Write a short note on the theme of Sheridan's "School for Scandal."

The central theme of Sheridan's "School for Scandal" is the vice of scandal mongering and its ill effects and the futility of trying to rid society of this vice.

David Garrick (1717 -1779) the author of the "Prologue" to the play introduces the theme in the very first line of the "Prologue" itself:

A School for Scandal! tell me, I beseech you,
Needs there a school this modish art to teach you?

He straightaway asks his audience very sarcastically whether it is necessary to establish a "school" to teach them the fashionable "art" of speaking ill of others, thus highlighting the ubiquitousness of this social vice.

Garrick concludes by remarking on the futility of Sheridan's attempt at getting rid of this hydra headed monster:

Is our young bard so young, to think that he
Can stop the full spring-tide of calumny?
Knows he the world so little, and its trade?
Alas! the devil’s sooner raised than laid.
So strong, so swift, the monster there’s no gagging:
Cut Scandal’s head off, still the tongue is wagging.

In Act I Sc1 and a little later in Act II Sc 2 Sheridan demonstrates the impracticality of preventing people from gossiping and spreading rumors about others. Maria and Sir Peter Teazle who oppose this vice are completely overwhelmed by the others:

Mrs. Can. True, true, child: but there’s no stopping people’s tongues. I own I was hurt to hear it, as I indeed was to learn, from the same quarter, that your guardian, Sir Peter, and Lady Teazle have not agreed lately as well as could be wished.

Mar. ’Tis strangely impertinent for people to busy themselves so.

Mrs. Can. Very true, child; but what’s to be done? People will talk—there’s no preventing it. Why, it was but yesterday I was told that Miss Gadabout had eloped with Sir Filagree Flirt. But, Lord! there’s no minding what one hears; though, to be sure, I had this from very good authority.

Mar. Such reports are highly scandalous.

Mrs. Can. So they are, child—shameful, shameful! But the world is so censorious, no character escapes. [Act I sc 1].

Lady Teaz. But Sir Peter is such an enemy to scandal, I believe he would have it put down by parliament.

Sir Pet. ’Fore heaven, madam, if they were to consider the sporting with reputation of as much importance as poaching on manors, and pass an act for the preservation of fame, as well as game, I believe many would thank them for the bill.

Lady Sneer. O Lud! Sir Peter; would you deprive us of our privileges?

Sir Pet. Ay, madam; and then no person should be permitted to kill characters and run down reputations, but qualified old maids and disappointed widows.

Lady Sneer. Go, you monster! [Act II Sc.2].

What are the social and historical implications of The Taming of the Shrew?

William Shakespeare’s play was written during an era of female oppression.  Women were expected to be quiet and soft spoken and respectful of their fathers and husbands.  The males dominated their environment and they were expected to be subservient to them.  It was also expected that the older sister was supposed to marry before the younger sister could marry.  The younger sister has many suitors who wan her hand in marriage.

In the play "The Taming of the Shrew" the primary character is a vicious dominating mouthy daughter who talks badly to everyone.  She is also quite spoiled having advantages many other women could not afford.  She takes orders from no one and scares off the male population.  Her younger sister is the opposite.  She behaves in the manner expected of the delicate aristocratic female.

The problem is that no one wants to marry Kate.  She is such a shrew that she drives people away. Pertuchio comes along who she sees as her match and a way to gain a fortune.  He is rude and seeking fortune.  He decides that he will marry her because there is a large some of money to be paid as a dowry.  He believes that he can tame her.  Katherine knows she will tame him before he can tame her.  Her father is relieved because she is off his hands, and now her sister can marry.

Both girls marry.  Kate's husband has wealth but his house is lacking any female touch.  At first Kate fights her way through the marriage.  However, her husband, Pertuchio, manages to break her and when he does she finds real and deep love.  They return to a castle for a visit.  The irony is that Kate is now domesticated and demure and her sister and the other women are, though not a harsh as Kate was, demonstrating inappropriate behavior towards their husband (as defined by the social expectations of women).

Kate has become what was expected of the women of her day.  Her husband has also changed and is no longer the rude man that she first married.  He lavishes her with gifts and is good to her.

In The Canterbury Tales, which pilgrim is described as an epicurean, a person who lives for pleasure?

You could probably make a case for many of these characters to fit that description, but the main guy you're looking for is the Franklin. The Franklin is said to be a man who loves the finest food and drink and is never short on either. In my translation, you would be most interested in lines 345-348:

"He lived for pleasure and had always done,

For he was Epicurus' very son,

In whose opinion sensual delight

Was the one true felicity in sight."

what are Ralph's feelings on meetings?This is from chapter 3.

Ralph feels that meetings are essential to maintain order. They are necessary to establish rules and to hear the thoughts and ideas of the group as a whole. They are Ralph's way of communicating with his tribe. However, he soon finds that the meetings are somewhat ineffective. The other boys don't seem to want to follow the rules, even the ones they agreed were necessary. Ralph finds it difficult to communicate the need for fire, shelter, and order. The meetings quickly become focused on the more savage interests of the tribe, such as the beast and hunting. Ralph feels like the meetings are full of discord and that the other boys fail to see their importance. He is distressed that the boys don't seem to follow through with tasks agreed on in meetings.

Why does Huck try to save the murderers in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and how does this reflect on his character?

I assume that you are talking about the theives and murderers who are aboard the riverboat during the storm.  This is the episode where Huck and Jim take the murderers' boat and leave them stranded on the riverboat, which is breaking up.

Huck tries to arrange for the murderers to be rescued because his conscience is making him feel bad about leaving them to die.  This, to me, shows that Huck has a very high character -- he does not want to cause the death of anyone, even if they are bad people.

What kind of a poem is Eliot's "The Waste Land?"

salmi,

TS Eliot's "The Waste Land," published in 1922, is an intensely personal poem, despite Eliot's theory of impersonality. The text is loaded with references to the poet's own anguish, and it is a more "human" document of himself for just this reason. There is evidence of the poet's convalescence at both Margate and Lausanne. The subject of nervous breakdown is central to both the poem and the poet. Even here, in these notations of anomie, we come across Eliot's favorite technique--which is ambiguous for so many readers: embedded quotations.

"The Waste Land" is understood to be a metaphor of cultural pessimism and sterility. It depicts a culture that is dying and longs for vitality or rebirth. The legend of the Fisher King, apparent in this poem, is interwoven with other myths and legends of wound, sterility, and rebirth. The story of the Grail relates, therefore, to other sacrificial myths. Eliot's brilliance is to present this situation as a landscape, a landscape of drought and ruin, a heap of stones. We see here the very iconography of broken belief systems; the recurring question is: Can they be made whole?

Early and late in the poem, Eliot offers us direct references to the Fisher King The references to sacrificial myths include the Hanged Man, as well as deaths by fire or drowning that might be restorative. Christ himself is evoked in this series, first at Gethsemane, then at Emmaus. Eliot also includes images from the modern world in his purview. He borrows explicitly from Baudelaire's rendition of 19th-century Paris as both infernal and the place where modern redemption must be sought. Using Baudelaire, Eliot depicts modern London as a place of the living dead, with specific reference to London Bridge, finally cited in its nursery rhyme version as "falling down." This reference to falling cities is symbolic of Eliot's pessimism and apocalyptic sense of modern culture, with revolution and anarchy everywhere.

The central technique of "The Waste Land" is its use of fragment and allusion. These matters bear scrutiny. What is a fragment? Because all fragments come from "wholes," how much of the "whole" must we know to understand the fragment? A modern interpretation  presents a view that culture exists in the form of texts, and education consists in becoming acquainted, if not with the texts themselves, at least with their titles or key quotations.

Also culture itself, the past itself, may invariably exist in this textualized form. Inside our own minds there exists a series of fragments, of ruins, consisting of titles or one-liners that we have retained (or that we have never gone beyond): To be or not to be, etc.

Eliot's strategy is to boldly allude, but also to contrast, to refer to charged references to the past, while commenting precisely on our degraded, "unredeemed" present. This is the "mythical method" Eliot celebrated in Joyce. Consider Eliot's treatment of the "departing nymphs" in "The Waste Land" as representative of this strategy. Eliot achieves a great economy and a strange music by conflating Spenser, Sydney, Day, and Marvell and a contemporary description of sexual abuse and indulgence on the banks of the Thames.

Why did Elizabeth and Jane decide not to expose Wickham after reading Darcy's letter?

In Ch. 40 Elizabeth tells Jane how Darcy proposed to her when she was at Hunsford and how she rejected him. She then tells her of Darcy's letter which contained the information about Wickham trying to elope with Georgiana. Jane of course is shocked and surprised to hear this. Finally, Elizabeth seeks Jane's advice as to whether or not to expose Wickham's mercenary and evil intentions to the general public at Longbourn:

There is one point on which I [Elizabeth] want your advice. I want to be told whether I ought, or ought not, to make our acquaintance in general understand Wickham's character.''

Miss Bennet  paused a little and then replied, ``Surely there can be no occasion for exposing him so dreadfully. What is your own opinion?''

``That it ought not to be attempted.Mr.Darcy has not authorised me to make his communication public. On the contrary, every particular relative to his sister was meant to be kept as much as possible to myself; and if I endeavour to undeceive people as to the rest of his conduct, who will believe me? The general prejudice against Mr.Darcy is so violent, that it would be the death of half the good people in Meryton to attempt to place him in an amiable light. I am not equal to it. Wickham will soon be gone; and therefore it will not signify to anybody here, what he really is. Sometime hence it will be all found out, and then we may laugh at their stupidity in not knowing it before. At present I will say nothing about it.''

``You are quite right. To have his errors made public might ruin him for ever. He is now perhaps sorry for what he has done, and anxious to re-establish a character. We must not make him desperate.''

The reasons are as follows:

1. "Mr.Darcy has not authorised me [Elizabeth] to make his communication public": Elizabeth decides against exposing Wickham because Darcy's in his letter to her has not authorized her to do so.

2."every particular relative to his sister was meant to be kept as much as possible to myself": In fact, Darcy had specifically instructed Elizabeth in his letter that the information about Wickham's intended elopement with his sister must be kept a secret. If Elizabeth had to prove that Wickham was a villain she would have to reveal this information which would certainly spoil the reputation of Darcy and his sister Georgiana.

3. "if I [Elizabeth] endeavour to undeceive people as to the rest of his conduct, who will believe me?"  Elizabeth remarks that she cannot prove Wickham's villainy by any other means except by revealing that he attempted to elope with Darcy's sister.

4. "The general prejudice against Mr.Darcy is so violent, that it would be the death of half the good people in Meryton to attempt to place him in an amiable light. I am not equal to it." Elizabeth remarks that everyone is prejudiced against Darcy and they are convinced that he is not a good person. She despairs that it would be impossible for her to convince them that he is actually an affectionate and good hearted man.

5." Wickham will soon be gone; and therefore it will not signify to anybody here, what he really is." Elizabeth remarks that the Militia will soon leave Meryton and Wickham will also be forgotten by everyone so she feels that there is no point in exposing him as a villain.

6." `You are quite right. To have his errors made public might ruin him for ever. He is now perhaps sorry for what he has done, and anxious to re-establish a character. We must not make him desperate.'' Jane agrees with Elizabeth and concludes that exposing his evil misdeeds to the general public might damage his reputation permanently. She feels that Wickham might have turned over a new leaf now and that nothing must be done to harm his chances of rehabilitating himself as a good person in society.

What is absurdism?i need a literary answer

Absurdism is a philosophycal current  that addresses the fundamental dissonance between each individual's search for sense of his own life and existing, on the one hand, and lack of meaning that seems to characterize the universe itself, on tne other hand.

Individual soul heat is striken by the universe coldness . A cry of desperate little being  in front of infinite. And this feeling of frustration in front of the inability of response concerning its existing creates a split between the material and soul with a sense of absurdity of individual conscience that can not be resolved. And then individual realizes that he has only three solutions to address these absurd:

- "An existential relief" that is giving up at all and all, perhaps including their lives to "destroy" complete the Absurd. This approach is the most repudiated and deviant.

- Another option is accepting the Absurd. Religion is the most popular approach in this regard and existentialism is part of the same theme.

- The third variant is the one approached  first, by Søren Kierkegaard, 19th century philosopher, who, with Albert Camus, then founded Absurdism.

The embrace of the third variant of Absurdism is found especially in art, theater of the absurd and ante and post-war painting.

In the art is found even a "rebellion" against the intellectual authors of logic: "If our existence is stationed in Absurd then everything we see, any feeling, any thought had a touch of the absurd in itself". If by then,origin of three lines geometric  were three straight  perpendicular axes intersecting at point zero, now axes are not straight lines but they're meandering and they're not defined by any criteria  and  all "healthy" criteria which are  guiding our intellect and logic are completely deformed. That is why "see" such a Dali clock which like melts  through a waving distorted picture.

What is an example of Nazism and Fascism?

Nazism and Fascism are two closely resembling forms of government. There is no clear cut principles or philosophy underlying either of these two system of government. Rather their character is defined by nature of such government as it actually existed, Nazism in Germany from 1933 to 1944 under the leadership of Hitler, and Fascism in Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Mussolini. Neither of these two forms of governments have existed in any other country at any other time, although many dictatorial government do display many of the characteristics of these type of government.

Both Nazism and Fascism are characterized by a strong government with dictatorial power, which has the authority to intervene in any and every aspect of personal lives of people in the name of achieving common good of the nation as a whole. Unlike communism, individual are allowed to own, control and use meas of production and other properties. But the government is free to exercise any control over it is it considers fit in the interest of the country.

Also individual freedom and right are considered secondary to the common interests, and under the pretext of this common interest, private liberty, property and life may be taken away any time without any opportunity of legal defence. It was this principal of common good superseding the individual life and freedom that was used by Hitler to persecute the Jews.

Shakespeare's Iago is an epitome of evil. Is he an integral part of humanity across all ages?The choices that one makes determines one's life. Is...

Iago: While I would argue that Iago is the epitome of evil and that as such he is an integral part of humanity, I don't believe that humans such as Iago truly exist.  To me, he represents pure evil; Shakespeare makes a point of connecting Iago to the serpent who ruins Adam and Eve's paradise in the Garden of Eden. Iago is Shakespeare's only villain who seems to have no redeeming qualities.  The extent of his malevolence overshadows any justification for his actions against Othello, Desdemona, Cassio, and even his own wife.

Desdemona: Desdemona is partly responsible for her fate.  She lies to Othello about the handkerchief.  While he most likely would have been upset about her losing the handkerchief, Iago would not have been able to frame Desdemona if she had simply told Othello that she had misplaced it. Similarly, Othello begins acting out of character--he becomes a different man from the gentle, controlled, Renaissance man whom she observed and fell in love with in Venice.  This should have been a hint to her that she needed seek out who or what had changed her husband. Even at the play's end, she is too passive and goes too easily to her death.

What about the characters and setting is stated in the book 1984?

There are several things stated in the book both about the characters and about the setting. This is a very general question.

Setting is spoken of when Orwell describes the city, for example when he describes Victory Towers, which is an ironic name because the apartment building where Winston lives is described as run down, dingy, and falling apart. The room above the antique shop where Winston and Julia meet is described as very run down and full of antique items like a bed with a mattress. Winston feels like everything is always a little bit dingy and covered in dirt. Everything is like this, even the air, except for O'Brien's apartment (and everyone else in the Inner Party) which is in pristine condition.

As with the setting there are several places that give details about each character. Winston is 39 and has a varicose ulcer in his leg. He is skinny and looks older than he is. He smokes, he drinks, he commits thought crime. Julia is young and supple. She has naturally reddish looking lips, she wears a red Junior Anti-Sex League sash that accentuates her waist. She has dark hair and she too commits all sorts of crimes against the Party. Parsons, Winston's neighbor reeks of sweat and always wears athletic apparel. O'Brien is intelligent looking. He wears spectacles which he resettles on his nose often and Winston believes it makes him look rather safe to talk to.

What happens in Chapter 2 of the book Lyddie?

Lyddie is the story of a farm girl whose family falls apart.  When her parents are gone, the children are unable to make ends meet.  Lyddie goes to the city of Lowell to become a factory girl.  Lyddie is a work of historical fiction.

In chapter two, Lyddie and Charlie complete the necessary household chores for leaving the cabin and prepare to go on to their new lives.  They had found out that they had been sold as indentured servants to a tavern and a mill, and their property was to be let to help pay off the remainder of the debt.  They gather the animals together and stop at the Stevens' farm in hopes of selling the calf, which they decide really is theirs, not their mother's.  Farmer Stevens buys the calf and invites them to supper, then his son, Luke, drives them in his wagon to drop off the remaining animals.  They drop Charlie off at the mill, but Lyddie doesn't want Luke to drive her all the way to the tavern because she thinks it might not look right.  At the end of the chapter, she has just arrived and is preparing to go in.  

What are the roles of Enzymes in Biochemical Reactions?

Enzymes increase the rate of biochemical reactions that are favored by thermodynamics. Without them, the biochemical reactions of life would be too slow to sustain complex life.

Enzymes are protein molecules which act as biological catalsts ie they speed up the rate of chemical reactions in cells without being used up in the reaction.

There are two types of enzyme controlled reactions:
Degradation (catabolic) when an enzyme breaks down large molecules into smaller ones eg. digestion.
Synthesis (anabolic) when the enzyme builds up larger molecules from smaller ones. eg photosynthesis or protein synthesis.

Enzymes are specific, which means each enzyme only catalyses one reaction. This is because the enzyme molecule is folded in a paticular shape with a portion called an active site to which only the correct substrate molecule can attach, much like a key in a lock.

E= Enzyme , S = Substrate, ES = Enzyme /Substrate complex , P = Product(s)

E + S ---> ES ---> P + Unaltered E

Like all proteins, enzyme action is determined by their shape. Extremes of temperature and pH distorts the shape and the substrate can no longer fit in the active site, so the enzyme will no longer work, it is said to be denatured. This is a permanent change. The Temperature that an enzyme works best is called the Optimum eg 37oC for human enzymes.

Why does Jabez Wilson come to see Sherlock Holmes?

Jabez Wilson not only needs money but is characterized as, among other things, a man who deals in money as a pawnbroker and who is very tight with his money. A detective as famous as Sherlock Holmes would charge a lot for his services, but Jabez comes to him because he has heard that Holmes will take cases on a pro bono basis if they interest him. As Wilson explains:

"I did not wish to lose such a place without a struggle, so, as I had heard that you were good enough to give advice to poor folk who were in need of it, I came right away to you.”

This may still not satisfy the discriminating reader, who will wonder why Wilson is going to such trouble when he should realize that the Red-Headed League, if it ever existed, is now defunct. So Holmes tells him he hasn't lost anything but is actually thirty pounds richer. This brings out a further explanation of Wilson's motives. He says:

"But I want to find out about them, and who they are, and what their object was in playing this prank—if it was a prank—upon me. It was a pretty expensive joke for them, for it cost them two and thirty pounds.”

It cost them two and thirty pounds, but Wilson may have only netted about thirty pounds after paying for the ink and paper. In addition to losing a profitable job which he was enjoying, Wilson is chagrined at the thought that somebody has apparently made a fool of him. A man with such blazing red hair must have been subject to many little jibes ever since his boyhood, and this could have led to Wilson's being overly sensitive.

It is mainly because of Wilson's parsimonious character that Holmes has the opportunity to get involved in a case involving the theft of 30,000 gold Napoleon coins from the underground strong-room of a bank. It would never occur to John Clay, who poses as Vincent Spaulding, that his employer would ever think of going to Sherlock Holmes for advice and assistance. And Wilson does not tell Clay about his visit to the detective because his suspicions of his assistant have been aroused by the questions Holmes has asked about him as well as the way Holmes has responded to the answers.

“What is he like, this Vincent Spaulding?”

“Small, stout-built, very quick in his ways, no hair on his face, though he's not short of thirty. Has a white splash of acid upon his forehead.”

Holmes sat up in his chair in considerable excitement. “I thought as much,” said he. “Have you ever observed that his ears are pierced for ear-rings?”

“Yes, sir. He told me that a gipsy had done it for him when he was a lad.”

How does Hawthorne feel about Hester Prynne?

Hawthorne depicts the character of Hester as a woman with many heroic qualities. While in this novel of puritanical times, Hester is an adulterer who has a child out of wedlock, Hester is the character given the greatest number of admirable qualities.

Hester's "sin" is a matter that is ridiculed by the community, her punishment is public, and yet, she endures it without crying, anger, or naming the father. Hester does not subject the father of her child to the humiliation that she must endure.

Hawthorne also has the Hester's character experience redemption of a sort, in the way the townspeople who once were so harsh, now look to her for advice, and see her scarlet A as "able" rather than an "adulterer".

Hester was written a strong, kind woman who endured terrible hardships, yet remained charitable of spirit and action.

Using what you know about anti-transcedentalism, tell why forgiveness isn't an option in Chapter 14.

Just as transcendentalism has a positive focus on an ideal spiritual reality, anti-transcendentalism is concerned with the darker side of human nature.  Anti-transcendentalists believe that man has the potential for evil as well as good, and that nature is unforgiving. When Hester asks Chillingsworth to forgive Dimmesdale and her their transgression, he responds that it is not in him to forgive.  He believes that he is at the mercy of his own fallen nature, and that they are all just playing out the course of evil events that was started with Hester's infidelity.  He is not in control of what happens, and he places no blame, saying "since that moment, it has all been a dark necessity...it is our fate...let the black flower blossom as it may" (Chapter 14).

How does Antony respond to the conspirators immediately after Caesar’s murder?

With a handshake and an assurance that if the conspirators can effectively show why Caesar had to die, Antony will support their actions.  What he doesn't say, though, is that he really doesn't mean it and he's only biding his time until he has substantial troops to force them out of power.

By appearing to be friendly to the conspirators, he is able to take some focus away from himself, providing him the necessary time to recruit Octavious in seeking for some revenge.