Analyze Atticus Finch's character. Focus upon his wisdom, delivered throughout the novel, and explain how this reflects his character strengths.I...

Atticus Finch truly is a prime literary example of the nearly perfect Southern liberal thinker. He was certainly a man out-of-place in 1930s small-town Alabama: He didn't cuss, drink, or take part in the typical Southern male revelries. He was a single parent at a time when it was highly unusual for a man to bring up his children without a female in the household, and he spent his nights reading and bonding with Scout and Jem. His racial outlook is also rare for a white man of the era, and he risks his own life and that of his family when he takes on the Tom Robinson case. He is forthright and painfully honest; he answers his children's toughest questions in a true and factual manner. He shows his courage in an intellectual manner rather than with typical Southern bravado, and he tempers his emotions in a true, gentlemanly fashion. As an attorney, Atticus Finch transcends his fictional persona, leaving a character that real-life lawyers try to emulate to this day.

How has Max learned not to fear his memories? Please use an example from the book.

The scenes mentioned above serve as a revelatory moment for the reader because it is something Max himself hid from, and didn't reveal to us until he was forced to by events. One purpose the memory of his mother's death is to hit the reader very strongly, to shock us into feeling deeply empathetic for the boy, and to bring about feelings of hatred and contempt for his father. It was a mystery we were dying to learn the truth of since the beginning. It also enhanced characterization and made a lot of things clear about who Max was. It also furthers the man vs. self plot as Max has to cope with memories of something he didn't want to face. It's been something that has been eating at him since he was very young, and he's finally released from feelings of guilt, self-repugnance, and shame for fearing that he was a "chip off the old block."

Correction about the above comment: Freak's father took off shortly after Kevin was born, despising him for his medicla condition. It was Max's father who kidnapped Max.

In The Crucible, why won't proctor go to court to expose Abby's lies when he first hears about the trial?

He is covering for his good name in the community. Early on Abby reveals that it is all farce. However, it is revealed that Proctor has had an affair with Abby, and given the strict Puritan code of conduct and public shame, this complicates things drastically. If he exposed the girls as frauds, it means he must confess his adultery, which is a grave offense.

So it save his good name, he keeps quiet and hopes things will blow over. This, of course, adds to the irony of the play. Had Proctor spoken out, innocent lives likely would have been spared but his name would have been shamed. Since he keeps quiet, many innocent people are murdered and his name is shamed, but through his refusal to have his confession tacked on the church door, he recovers some of his dignity, albeit it costs him his life.

Determine the second degree function, whose graph is passing through the points A(-2,3), B(2,0), C(0,1).

A point which is located on a graph has the property that it's coordinates verifies the equation of the graph's function.

In our case, the second degree function could be written as below:

f(x)=a*x^2+b*x+c

In order to determine the second degree function, their coefficients must be calculated.

From enunciation, we find out that 3 points, whose coordinates are known, are located on the graph of the function which has to be determined, so that we'll write 3 relationships. 

For the point A(-2,3) to belong to the graph of the function, the mathematical condition is:

f(-2)=3

But f(-2)=a*(-2)^2+b*(-2)+c

4a-2b+c=

For the point B(2,0) to belong to the graph of the function, the mathematical condition is:

f(2)=0

But f(2)= a*(2)^2+b*(2)+c

4a+2b+c=0

For the point C(0,1) to belong to the graph of the function, the mathematical condition is:

f(0)=1

But f(0)= a*(0)^2+b*(0)+c

c=1

We'll substitute the known value of c into the first 2 relationships, so that:

4a-2b+1=3

4a+2b+1=0

If we are adding these relationships, and reduce the similar terms, we'll have: 

4a-2b+1+4a+2b+1=3+0

8a+2=3

8a=3-2

8a=1

a=1/8

For finding the value of b, we'll substitute the found value of a into one of 2 relationships above.

We'll choose, for example, the relationship:

4a+2b+1=0

4*1/8+2b=-1

(½)+2b=-1

2b=-1-(1/2)

2b=-3/2

b=-3/4

So, the function is:

f(x)=(1/8)*x^2-(3/4)*x+1

The defendant was found with a “crack pipe” in his possession. Can the defendant be convicted of possession of drug paraphernalia? The...

Although I am not a lawyer or law enforcement official, I know that a person can be charged and convicted of possession of drug paraphernalia in Florida. It may or may not be important if the pipe can be used to smoke by legal means. If an illegal substance is found along with the pipe, then the accused can be charged with possessing paraphernalia as well. It might be possible to avoid charges or conviction if no drugs were found along with the pipe; and if the pipe was new and showed no sign of residue. If residue of an illegal substance is found in the pipe, certainly the possession of paraphernalia charge could be substantiated.

What are these affected in the story "A hanging" by George Orwell?The affect

I assume that you are asking about the effects in this story -- the things that come from the causes.  If so, I think that the real effects are the ways in which the speaker and the other characters react to the hanging.

First, we see the effect of the condemned man stepping around the puddle.  When he does that, the speaker realizes the enormity of what he is about to participate in.  So that's the first major effect since it sets up the major tension of the story.

Second, we see so many of the man laughing and otherwise acting as if they did not care about the hanging.  This is an effect of the hanging.  The effect is that the people are somehow trying to deal with the stress of what they've just done.

What threat does the Lord of the Flies make to Simon?

In simplest terms, the Lord of the Flies threatens Simon with the charge that he, Simon, will be seduced by the evil and savagery within himself just like all the other boys on the island.  Furthermore, the LotF tells Simon that there is nothing Simon can do stop the snowball effect of savagery.

What is the moral lesson of The Little Prince?

Depending on how you view it (stories are all subjective), the lesson from this book can be seen as the only way we can learn in our lives, is through experiencing it ourselves first hand. We cannot rely on others telling us, teaching us, or trying to get a message across. Unless we are there experiencing it ourselves, we will not be able to learn from what is true. Furthermore, the story teaches us the importance of friendship, being invisible, and responsibility. Depending on how the reader views it, this story has many teachings it can offer.

What does the last sentence in Chapter 9 mean?Keeping the last three paragraphs in mind, what does this sentence mean? Does it refer to death?...

In The Great Gatsby, the last sentence reads:

So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.

This refers to the dualities of Gatsby and America.

At the end of the novel, Nick aligns himself Gatsby.  Nick says Gatsby is worth the whole damn bunch (the Buchanans and Jordan, et al) put together.  So, Nick is saying he will get into Gatsby's boat, the one that only sailed backwards on the sea of history--into the past to recapture his childhood dreams.  Why do you think Nick goes back to his home, the Midwest and narrates the entire novel from there?  It's an idealistic, quixotic quest--both Romantic and hopeless.

Gatsby looked like a Romantic hero to Nick: he was a self-made man, a rags to riches story, a symbol of the American dream.  But, when Nick get close enough, he saw that Gatsby was illegitimate.  Nick found out that Gatsby used any means necessary to try to repeat the past.

Earlier, Nick paraphrases Gatsby's story of falling in love, perhaps for the first time, and the last time, when he met Daisy.  Since then, Gatsby admits, his life has been disoriented.  This is obviously before World War I, when he (and America) was young, boyish, innocent, idealistic, and romantic.

Gatsby is symbolic of America: his innocence in America's.  Daisy is symbolic of his past.  His longing to return to his past is akin to the Lost Generation wanting to recapture their lost boyhoods.  Since then, they've lost their identities over on the battlefields of Europe, while rich kids (Tom) stole their girls (Daisy) back home.

How does Animalism represent Communism in the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell?

animalisim is a reflection of communisim because they both are same like are people are equal and all animal are equal their shoul be a proper life style and are people are have same life style Russian Revolution: Russian Revolution Leon Trotsky Other leader of “October Revolution” Pure communist, followed Marx Wanted to improve life for all in Russia Chased away by Lenin’s KGB (secret police)

Animal Farm : Animal Farm Napoleon Not a good speaker, not as clever as Snowball Cruel, brutal, selfish, devious, corrupt His ambition is for power, killed opponents Used dog, Moses, and Squealer to control the animals

Why does the family live in such poor conditions, and why do they move into the new house even though the white man didn't want them there?

The family lives under poor condition because of the lack of job opportunities that color people had.  The main jobs that they were "accepted" was domestic, and serving others, as Walter's familly did.  Out of the five people that are living in the house, ony three are actually working, and Walter in occasion does not take his job seriously, since he is not pleased with what he does.  Beneatha is studing and demands money, not only in her studies, but also for her pleasure.  As Ruth mentions when Beneatha was taking horse lesson and they paid $50 for the suit she needed, and Beneatha did not last.  $50 may not seem alot to many today, but in the 50's it was a lot. 

 When it comes to the issue of them moving into a neighborhood that did not want them, as Mama said, they were proud people.  The deserved more than what they had, and no color should be an obstacle for that.  Not to mention that it had always been a dream of Big Walter.

What is the author's theme and purpose in "Because I Could Not Stop for Death"?

I see you now have many answers, but since I've written it, I'll go ahead and add mine anyway...

The primary theme in "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" is death and eternity. A secondary theme is unpreparedness. This poem is a salute to the inexorability of death, to the dogged journey it traverses. There are more than one opinion as to whether Dickinson's poem speaks of Christian consolation or not. Some view it as devoid of religious or any other consolation and see it as an expose, as it were, on the continual presence of the companion Death. Such an understanding would have been unpopular in the end of the nineteenth century even though religious conformity had lost its hold on spiritual thought.

Dickinson illuminates the primary theme of death and eternity, of the inexorability of death, by placing Immortality as a passenger in the carriage and by describing the centuries of Death's journey as "shorter than a day." The theme of unpreparedness is illuminated by, for example, the "Gossamer" gown with "Tulle" "Tippet," which is a fine see-through silken gown with loosely woven silk netting for a shawl.

What happened to Jem during his adventure to stick a note on the Radley House????Till Kill A Mockingbird Novel

Atticus broke up Jem's attempt to send a note to Boo Radley via a fishing pole in Chapter 5. Jem was trying to thank Boo for the gifts the children had been left in the knothole of the tree.

    "Son," he said to Jem, "I'm going to tell you something and tell you one time; stop tormenting that man. That goes for the other two of you."

But Jem was not through with his attempts to communicate with Boo. On Dill's final night in Maycomb in Chapter 6, the children decided to try once again. Although they didn't carry a note with them, they decided to try and get a peak at Boo through the Radley porch window. But when a mysterious shadow suddenly appeared, the children ran for their lives. In the process, Jem lost his pants in the barbed wire fence and a shotgun blast rang overhead. Only Dill's quick thinking saved Jem from more trouble. When Atticus questioned Jem about why he was standing in public in his underwear, Dill responded:

    "Ah--I won 'em from him," he said vaguely.
    "Won them? How?"
    Dill's hand sought the back of his head. He brought it forward and across his forehead. "We were playin' strip poker up yonder by the fishpool."

What happens at the end of The Secret Life of Bees?

The book The Secret Life of Bees Lily's father finds out where Lily and Rosaleen have gone and tracks them down.  He is confronted by the strong presence of August Boatwright.  However, Lily tells her that she needs to talk with her father herself.  They sit in the den while he cuts into the arm of the wooden rocker.

T.J. looks stunned when he sees the whale pin on Lily's shoulder and questions her as to how she had gotten it.  She then explains to him that the house is where her mother had come when she had left them once.  She also tells him that August used to take care of her mother when her mother was a little girl.  As she hears her father talking about her mother, for the first time Lily realizes that he had actually loved her mother.

When Lily resist to leave T.J hits her hard.  The statue of Mary fell to the floor. T.J. kicked her and called her Deborah, her mother's name and tells her she is not leaving him again. Lily yelled out daddy and he came to his senses.

August asks him to leave Lily with them so she could be her apprentice.  T.J is fed up and rLily realizes that he doesn't really want her.  T.J. leaves and lets Lily stay with August.

Clayton, the lawyer, works on Rosaleen's case so that things back home will work out.  They stay with August.  He also brings his daughter to play with Lily.  Lily gets teased at school and called "a nigger lover" but she doesn't care.  She gets to see Zach in the hallway and she is happy.  In her home she now feels her mother’s presence.

What does the orangutan symbolize in Life of Pi? What do orangutan symbolize in other cultures that connect to the story?

The orangutan symbolizes Pi's mother in the story. 

Orangutan babies tend to spend a long time with the mother, an average of 8 to 9 years which is much longer than most other ape species.  Orangutans are also known to be good mothers.  This is described in the story by Pi.  Therefore the orangutan symbolizing Pi's mother makes sense.

In some cultures, the orangutan symbolizes the 'old man' of the forest probably because of its slow movements and solitary nature.  This could tie into the story in that the mother would have been the wise and old man character in Pi's life.  She always knew how to help him especially in the conflicts which Pi had with his father - the mother is the balance. 

What shocking thing does Montag do that horrifies Faber,what is the last refuge for "dangerous intellectual" in Fahrenheit 451?

Faber has essentially given up on the world; he cares so much about it that it makes him physically ill to realize that this society is inevitably headed for self-destruction. Montag agrees that an apocalypse is coming, but thinks that there must be people prepared to salvage what's left of human civilization in the aftermath. When Faber refuses to help him do this, protesting that there's no point to it, Montag begins tearing pages out of a Bible, presumably because he thinks it will spur Faber to act. 

The last refuge for the dangerous intellectual is the stock market, which is how Faber got the money to finance his life and creations, such as the two-way radio. This seems to be a bit of a throwaway comment, or a remark on Faber's eccentricity, and not really a deep insight that the novel means to present as part of its message. I think this question was asked mostly to see if an assigned reading had been completed.

How do you solve simultaneous equations using the substitution method ?x=y 6x-2y=10 x=-y 3x-6y=36

Substitution Method is used to solve simultaneous equations, as given above. To solve simultaneous equations the following steps should be taken:

Label the equations as i and ii,

x=y         ------(i)   

6x-2y=10 ------(ii)

The next step is to isolate one variable from any equation, which has been done already as x=y.

After this step input the value of x in eq(ii) and solve to get the value of y:

6x-2y=10 ------(ii)

6y-2y=10

4y=10

4y/4=10/4         divide both sides by 4

y=2.5

After this we would have to input this value in equation ii, but since it has already been determined that x=y we can say that x=2.5 as well.

x=2.5

y=2.5

To further check the answers input both values in eq(ii)

6x-2y=10

6(2.5)-2(2.5)=10

15-5=10

10=10

LHS=RHS proved.

The same steps are to be followed in this one:

x=-y         -------(i)  

3x-6y=36  -------(ii)

Input the value of x in eq(ii)

3x-6y=36

3(-y)-6y=36

-3y-6y=36

-9y=36

-9y/-9=36/-9        divide both sides by -9

y=-4

Now since both value are equal only their signs are different i.e. x=-y therefore x=4. 

Input both value in eq(ii) to check if they are correct:

3x-6y=36  -------(ii)

3(4)-6(-4)=36

12+24=36

36=36

LHS=RHS proved.

How did Chinese culture change during the Period of Disunion?

The assumption that the empire could be ruled and united under the emporer was challenged as many different families and factions fought for control and continuously engaged in warfare and intrigues in order to gain or consolidate power.

Because of the lack of central control and stability, some of the grand projects envisioned by rulers like the Grand Canal or the Great Wall fell by the wayside because of a lack of funding and again the lack of control over the various factions.

This led in some ways to a return to looking inward and working within familial groups and locally controlled provinces.  The assumption of a national identity was slowed and even stopped in some places as different provinces again started to look out for their own interests and stood up to fight for them against anyone not willing to allow them that freedom.

Who is the Choragos and what is his task in scene 1?

The Choragos is the "leader" of the Chorus.  He does most of the talking in the Chorus.  The rest of the Chorus will chant or repeat what he says, but he is clearly the leader.

In ancient Greek tragedy, the Choragos might very well have been the leading man, even top billing over Oedipus, as the Choragos was an actor who would have commanded respect.  The Choragos would have occupied the highest level on the stage and been on stage nearly the entire play.

In Sophocles' play Oedipus Rex, the Choragos is the voice of reason.  He introduces Tiresias and urges Oedipus to listen to him.  He also urges other characters to avoid extremes, to practice moderation, and see and hear the truth.

What elements heighten the contrast between Atticus and Aunt Alexandra? (chapter 13)

The contrasts are extreme.  Scout thinks her aunt finds her dull while she knows Atticus finds her interesting. Alexandra has "river boat boarding school manners," and while Atticus is a gentleman, he is also very relaxed and unpretentious. She feels she is better than others, while Atticus is quick to tell her that their "generation's practically the first in the Finch Family not to marry its cousins," noting they are as "common" as anyone else. Alexandra wants Scout to behave like a lady, and while Atticus tries to reinforce his sister's wishes, Scout knows that he loves her the way she is, which, at the time, is more of a tomboy than a lady.

How does the Nurse feel about Juliet? How do you know this?

The nurse loves, respects and protects Juliet like a mentor.

Throughout the play, the Nurse jokes about Juliet (remembering how Juliet fell forward as a child and how Juliet was weaned off of breastfeeding), teases her (won't tell her what Romeo said), and tries to stay right inbetween parent and friend (she knows about Romeo but waits a few scenes before she will encourage Juliet to forget about him).

You can believe each of these by reading the Nurse's and Juliet's conversations in Act II, scene v, and later in Act III, scene ii, and finally in Act IV when Juliet's parents want her to marry Paris.

Describe incidents that illustrate Rikki-tikki's curiosity from "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi."

That Rikki sure was a curious little devil in the classic Rudyard Kipling children's tale. Rikki came to the English family's bungalow in India quite by a fateful act of nature.

    One day, a high summer flood washed him out of the burrow where he lived with his father and mother, and carried him, kicking and clucking, down a roadside ditch. He found a little wisp of grass floating there, and clung to it till he lost his senses. When he revived, he was lying in the hot sun on the middle of a garden path, very draggled indeed, and a small boy was saying, "Here's a dead mongoose. Let's have a funeral."
    "No," said his mother, "let's take him in and dry him. Perhaps he isn't really dead."

Rikki quickly proved his value by saving the boy from the deadly Karait, "a dusty, brown snakeling."

As for his curiosity, three examples of Rikki's "being eaten up from nose to tail" with it include

• Trying to eat the cotton wool before realizing it was inedible.


• He tested the bath-tubs, where he nearly drowned.


• "Put his nose into the ink on a writing table" and later burned it when he sniffed too closely on the big man's cigar.


• He investigated the garden, "and he scuttled up and down... snuffing here and there..."


• After killing Karait, he celebrated by "walking to and fro among the wine-glasses on the table."

In The Witch of Blackbird Pond, what are some quotes that describe Kit's character?

There are a number of quotes that point out Kit's impulsiveness, or tendency to act before she thinks.  After she insists on making a trip in the longboat, the narrator says "she already regretted this impulsive trip ashore."  A little later, when a little girl drops her toy in the sea, Kit reacts characteristically - "'Turn back, Captain,' she ordered impulsively."  Kit is aware of her inclination to act impulsively, and chides herself, "I am forever doing foolish things!" 

Kit is genuine and not shy or pretentious. When she meets John Holbrook, the narrator describes her direct response - "'I am Katherine Tyler,' she answered forthrightly."

Kit also has a strong, robust constitution, and is at home on the water.  The author says, "she had proved to be a natural sailor...certainly she had not spent the voyage groaning and retching like some of the passengers."

(all quotes are from Chapter 1)

How does Winston's behavior change in 1984?

In the beginning, Winston just goes through the daily routine of work and home, ever aware of Big Brother's presence everywhere. While his job requires him to rewrite "reality" according to the Party, he tries to remember his past. In his dreams, he envisions a place where there's peace. He feels cut off from everyone since relationships aren't allowed. This is why he gets involved with Julia and becomes friends with O'Brien. Winston's secret individuality gets him into trouble in the end, however. He's tortured and brainwashed until he loses his desire for individuality and says he loves Big Brother. He becomes an alcoholic who is only a shell of what he used to be once he gives into Big Brother.

Describe Connie's relationship with her mother, father, and sister.

`The opening sentences tell us much about her relationship to her mother and to her sister. Her mother is no longer pretty, and therefore criticizes her daughter about everything. "Stop gawking at yourself," she tells her. "You think you're so pretty?"  As for her father, he "was away at work most of the time and when he came home he wanted supper and he read the newspaper at supper and after supper he went to bed."  He doesn't talk much to her or the rest of the family either. June was "plain and steady," the good girl who does things right and therefore the yardstick against which Connie is measured.  For all of these reasons, Connie finds meaning in the music around her, which almost becomes her religion, and in this vulnerable state she becomes easy prey for the likes of Arnold Friend.

After 5 tests Nora's average test score was 79. After she scored 85 on the sixth test, what was her new average?

An average score of 79 after 5 tests means

Total score after five tests

= (Average score)*(Number of test) = 79*5 = 395

Score in sixth test = 85

Therefor: Total score after 6 tests

= Total score of first 5 tests + score of sixth test = 395 + 85 = 480

New average score after sixth test

= (Total score of 6 tests)/6 = 480/6 = 80

Answer:

New average score = 80

Ray Bradbury has often commented on how Fahrenheit 451 is not a novel about state censorship. What do you think he means? I have to write an essay...

The novel is not about state censorhisp so much as it is about the idiot masses.  You could analyze how Bradbury criticizes the ignorance inherent in popular culture. The novel is a warning about how easily the masses can be entertained and duped into leading a meaningless existence.

Montag is blindly trudging through his life, living a very hollow existence. What real meaning does he have in his life? Mildred lives to watch her TV walls. She is overjoyed to be able to play a minor role in an interactive program, yet she could play a major role in her real life. However, she finds no meaning or relevance in her life with Montag, so she must live her life vicariously through the TV. The lack of meaning or purpose in her life is one reason she overdoses on the sleeping pills early in the novel.

Note too how the medics who arrive to save Mildred, inform Montag how busy they are with suicide attempts. Bradbury is making a statement about how people need books and ideas to develop meaning and purpose in their lives. The masses in Fahrenheit 451 are incapable of this; thus, the suicide rates are high.

Until Montag meets Clarisse, he is unaware of how pointless his life really is. Clarisse relishes the natural world and thinking and talking rather than simply being entertained. Once Clarisse helps Montag realize the power of ideas and the beauty of the natural world, he begins to change. Faber too is instrumental in this.

At this point, why does Nick observe, "There was something pathetic in his[Toms] concentration?"its in the first chapter

Nick goes to great lengths to earn our trust as a reliable narrator in Chapter 1, however, these words here show his absolute judgment. Using the adjective 'pathetic', he demonstrates that he will use loaded words to persuade us as readers to make decisions about character.

He spent the previous 3-4 pages telling us about Tom's arrogance about what he owns and how he looks. At the point when this quote is spoken, Tom had been reporting on some of the things he's been reading. Tom strikes me as the dumb jock, and it seems here that Nick is making fun of Tom's strained thought to work through issues encountered in his reading. Tom gave this 'analysis' and Nick could discern that Tom was struggling through an unfulfilling time in his life, and sees him striving for fulfillment through what he reads.

Discuss the use of light and dark images around act 2 scene 2 lines 2-10.

Act 2.2-10 in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet uses metaphor and personification to describe Juliet, via Romeo's perceptions, and to thereby characterize Romeo.  The figurative language creates the images of light and dark.

Juliet is metaphorically the sun, and an image of light is created:

But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?

It is the east and Juliet is the sun!

The sun, the light, is personified and set in opposition against the moon, the dark:

Arise fair sun and kill the envious moon

Who is already sick and pale with grief

That thou her maid art far more fair than she.

The sun continues to represent Juliet, here.

But Juliet should not be maid to the moon, since the moon is envious of her (continued personification) and the moon's outfit is sickly green (imagery), the kind of outfit worn only by court jesters, or clowns (imagery):

Be not her maid since she is envious,

Her vestal livery is but sick and green

And none but fools do wear it.  Cast it off.

And finally,

It is my lady, O it is my love!

Juliet is light, and she is contrasted with the moon (dark), and through his perceptions, Romeo is revealed to be totally and completely infatuated with Juliet.

Orwell juxtaposes two different visions in chapter 7 (AnimalFarm). What are they?What contrasting imagery does Orwell use in his Juxtapositioning...

When you use the word vision, it leads me to think in two ways: as a dream, or a planned purpose for the future.

One dream that occurs is the hens:

The three hens who had been the ringleaders in the attempted rebellion over the eggs now came forward and stated Snowball had appeared to them in a dream and insighted them to disobey Napoleon's orders.

This image of disobedience is in contrast to the original rebellion as laid out by Old Major's dream and then followed through by the original rebellion because the first rebellion's intention was to earn freedom; here, the chickens doom themselves to the severest bondage - death.

Another image I see that brings about a contrast is Clover with all the animals huddled about her, just like on that first night's meeting to listen to Old Major's speech. At that point there was a comradere, an excitement, and a kinship in the air among all of animalkind. Here, in chapter 7, again Clover allows all the animals to huddle about her, but this time things are different. Tears, quietness and togetherness radiate among them. I see animals shaking in fear.

These scenes of teerror and slaughter were not what they had aimed at when they had set themselves years ago to work for the overthrow of the human race.

I think this reminds readers to remember the purpose of a cause and to work to hold leaders accountable to that purpose. It shows the detrimental impact of leadership unchecked.

In the Prologue to Act II of Romeo and Juliet, why may Romeo not have access "to breathe such vows as lovers use to swear?"

Each word of this statement carries such weight. The word breathe refers to the abilities to utter, speak, or discuss. Vows refers to promises or commitments. It is also often and only used in engagements or weddings. This foreshadows what is about to come in the rest of the act as access will be difficult. However, the full quote uses the words "may not" which leaves the chance open that they might get to speak.

This phrase refers to the fact that Romeo can't articulate or verbally express his love, almost insinuating that he will do the opposite, act on it. Watch for it.

In Chapter 18, why does Judge Taylor not hold Mayella in contempt of court?

In chapter 18, Atticus questions Mayella on the stand. She is as nervous as her father had been on the stand. Atticus is polite but thorough, and Mayella's struggles to keep her story straight.

Mayella is questioned about her father, as well. She tries to explain that he is fine unless he drinks. There are times that she seems as if she is going to break down and tell the truth, but she does not.

When Atticus questions her as to why no one heard her scream, and tries to get her to admit it was her father that beat her up, Mayella starts to cry. She tells Atticus that all the social niceties, calling her ma'am and such,  are not going to get her to say what Atticus wants. At this point she breaks down into sobs, and refuses to answer any more questions.

Mayella's lack of knowledge of the legal protocols expected of her was evident at this point.

"I guess if she hadn't been so poor and ignorant, Judge Taylor would have put her under the jail for the contempt of court she had shown everybody in the courtroom." (188)  Because Mayellla was ignorant of the rules she was breaking, it would serve no purpose to charge her with contempt of court, and there would be no one to come forward with money to bail her out.

Give one example of "Much Ado About Nothing" in the play.

Much Ado's main focal point and plot device is the readiness of the characters to accept error and misinformation.  This is a common method of comedy in Shakespeare's plays. Don John's false presentation of Hero is the most important incident in a series of erroneous reports and misunderstandings.  While Don John, the evil brother, and his cohort maliciously mislead their intended victims, Don Pedro benevolently tricks Benedick and Beatrice.  Dogberry is fully capable of confusing himself and everyone else. 

Disguise, another source of error, is also a prominent motif in the play.  At the masque in 2.1, Beatrice and Benedick converse in masks, and their dialogue, more bitter and biting than usual, marks the extreme extent of their hostility.  In the same scene Claudio is pretending to be Benedick when Don John tells him that Don Pedro loves Hero.  More important, the play turns on Margaret's use of a disguise, Hero's clothes, as part of Don John's plot to slander Hero.  The episode is lent futher mystery and confusion by being only reported (in 3.3 by Borachio and in 4.1 by Claudio) and not actually seen on stage.

In act 2 scene 3 of Shakespeare's Macbeth, identify and explain an example of verbal irony.

There are numerous examples of verbal irony in the conversation between Macbeth, Macduff and Lennox soon after their arrival at his castle, Inverness. The king had lodged there for the night and Macduff enquires after him:

Is the king stirring, worthy thane?

Macbeth replies:

Not yet.

There are two samples of verbal irony. First in Macduff's simple question and second in Macbeth's even simpler reply. Firstly, Macduff calls Macbeth 'worthy', meaning a person who deserves respect, praise and commendation for the good that he/she has done, but Macbeth is far from 'worthy.' He is, in fact despicable and not deserved of any praise for he has just committed a foul deed. He murdered his cousin, the king, whilst he was sound asleep and therefore defenceless. Although he had his guards with him, they were in a drunken stupor and hardly responded when Macbeth committed his heinous crime. It is therefore deeply ironic that Macduff should call him 'worthy.' This is also an example of dramatic irony for the audience knows what Macbeth has done but Macduff and Lennox do not.

Macbeth's reply is ironic since he knows that it is impossible for the king to make any move. He, Macbeth, has made sure of that. He killed Duncan but replies as if there is a possibility that the king might stir, i.e. awaken, but Duncan has been untimely sent to his eternal rest.

Further irony lies in the fact that Macduff mentions that he has 'almost slipped the hour' in meeting the king, and he has actually missed meeting the king, forever. Macbeth's statement' 'I will bring you to him' is further irony, for his words imply that the king is still alive, when he is not.

Added to this is Macduff's statement about this being a 'joyful trouble' for Macbeth without realising how true his words actually are. Macbeth expresses the fact that his duty to take care of his liege, 'physics pain,' i.e. it is a soothing balm or medication to what strife or pain he may be experiencing, is entirely correct, but not in the manner that Macduff understands it.

Macbeth had been in torment about killing his king and has now been relieved that the deed has actually been done. Furthermore, he has now removed the biggest stumbling block in his aspiration to be king. With the king dead, it would be much easier for him to ascend the throne.  

From an Ode on a Grecian Urn: Can anyone paraphrase each stanza and interpret the stanza to a 12th grade high school level? Please give the...

     Some engraved pictures, as, the musician, a bold lover and the lady love, the mysterious priest, a heifer, some village folks and some pastoral scenery sculptured upon the urn, -evoke the poet’s imagination. All these are the “silent form” of Attic age and they tease us out of thought as our thought of eternity.

         The poet in an askance note begins to question what they are and what their reality is. The poet continues to ask –

What men gods are these? What maidens loth? What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape? What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy?

          On the basis of these questions, the poet begins to explain the significance of those things engraved on the urn and gives a sharp contrast between these things and the reality of life. Life is very transient. Here nothing is ever lasting. Here beauty can not keep her lustrous eyes, youth grows pale and dies. Time absorbs everything on life. We grow consumpted and decayed with the Time. The youth, the beauty, the glory, -are all to be decayed.

          Once again, in the short span of our life, we have sorrows and leaden-eyed despair. Here men sit and hear each other groan. In the dreary intercourse if daily life man gets nothing but the weariness, the fever and fret. This fever of this world hangs upon the beating of man’s heart.

          But the world of art is above this fever and fret of this world. Here beauty is permanence and she always keeps her luster. Everything is fair in the world of art. The fact behind this is that art absorbs Time as if art grows with the time: -

                            “Thou foster-child of silence and slow-time”.

        The bold lover would always remain young and the lady-love would ever be charming and fair. Because they have not consumpted love. The fulfillment of love is sign of decay. So, the poet says:-

                                “She can not fade, though than thou hast not thy bliss

                                  For ever wilt thou love, she be fair. ”

Again, the happy melodist would ever remain unwearied. And the mysterious priest and his followers would never be able to return their native place. Because art has captivated them. 

        Again, the fever of the world has no hand to touch the artistic beauty of the urn. The world of art is far above “all breathing human passion” and there is no “burning fore head” and “parching tongue” in the world of art.: -

                                 “All breathing human passion far above,

                                   That leaves a heart high sorrowful and cloyed.

                                   A burning fore head and a parching tongue”

Hence, everything in the world of art is ever new, ever warm. There is no change in the world of art.

What is the point of view of "Tess of the D'Urbervilles"? What was the conflict?

In response to what is the point of view of the novel: Hardy uses 3rd person omniscient point of view, which means he presents the story as it is understood by various characters so that we know the thoughts of many, and Hardy includes a strong narrative voice to guide the reader interpret the story. Here is an example of the narrative voice guiding the reader: “It is a vale whose acquaintance is best made by viewing it from the summits of the hills that surround it--except perhaps during the droughts of summer. An unguided ramble into its recesses in bad weather is apt to engender dissatisfaction with its narrow, tortuous, and miry ways” (Ch 2). Here the point of view is inside the mind of the protagonist: “As for Tess Durbeyfield, she did not so easily dislodge the incident from her consideration. She had no spirit to dance again for a long time, though she might have had plenty of partners; but ah! they did not speak so nicely as the strange young man had done” (Ch 3). I include conflicts in a separate answer.

How has Winston's environment changed, what does he do with his time, and how does he show his obedience to the Inner Party?

Winston is being held in a prison cell that is bleak and frightening in its isolation.

He spends his time repeating 2+2=5. "God is Power" and"Freedom is Slavery" to remind himself of the pointlessness of resistance.

He complies with them by betraying Julia to escape more torture.

In Act III, scene I , what does Banquo suspect about Macbeth?I am really confused on this question , it shows me to answers but I don't know which...

Banquo has good reason to be suspicious of Macbeth--to think Macbeth killed Duncan and to be afraid that his own life and his son Fleance's life are in danger. Even before Duncan's body is discovered by Macduff, Banquo was acting extremely cautiously for a man who was a guest in another man's castle. In Act 2, Scene 1, Banquo is carrying his sword. As the scene opens he gives it to Fleance, but then where he sees someone coming he says

Give me my sword--Who's there?

It is Macbeth, who is planning to murder King Duncan. But Macbeth knows he should also murder the King's two sons, Malcolm and Donalbain, because they stand in the way to his succession to the throne. This is a big undertaking for one man. He cautiously sounds Banquo out about joining him in a conspiracy, since they have the same interests. Banquo cannot have his heirs become kings until Duncan and his sons are disposed of, and according to the witches' prophecies Macbeth will have to become king before Banquo's  prospects can be realized. Here is the pertinent dialogue in Act 2, Scene 1:

BANQUO
All's well.
I dreamt last night of the three Weird Sisters.
To you they have showed some truth.

MACBETH
I think not of them.
Yet, when we can entreat an hour to serve,
We would spend it in some words upon that business,
If you would grant the time.

BANQUO
At your kindest leisure.

MACBETH
If you should cleave to my consent, when 'tis,
It shall make honor for you.

BANQUO
So I lose none
In seeking to augment it, but still keep
My bosom franchised and allegiance clear,
I shall be counseled.

MACBETH
Good repose the while.

BANQUO
Thanks, sir. The like to you.

Banquo knows that Macbeth has as good as asked him to join him in an assassination plot. He turns Macbeth down. Banquo knows that Macbeth wants to become king immediately. As king, Macbeth would be an even greater threat to Banquo and Fleance than he is now. Macbeth would have much greater power to injure Banquo and his son, even to have them executed on some trumped-up charge. Banquo does not want to be a traitor and an assassin, and he knows that his best strategy is to wait. If the prophecies of the Weird Sisters are accurate, then he will have to be dead before his heirs become kings. He would like to live many more years, and it might actually be many more years before their prophecies concerning him are realized. As it turns out, Macbeth becomes king, then Malcolm becomes king in his place, Banquo is dead, and still the prophecies regarding Banquo's sons and grandsons have yet to be fulfilled.

What Banquo suspects is that Macbeth killed Duncan and that Macbeth is capable of doing anything. If Macbeth can kill the king, he certainly wouldn't have qualms about killing Banquo and Fleance. And Banquo knows that Macbeth must have a motive to do so, because Macbeth would not want to kill Duncan for Banquo's benefit. Macbeth himself speaks of this in a soliloquy in Act 3, Scene 1.

For Banquo's issue have I filed my mind;
For them the gracious Duncan have I murdered,
Put rancors in the vessel of my peace
Only for them, and mine eternal jewel
Given to the common enemy of man
To make them kings, the seeds of Banquo kings.
Rather than so, come fate into the list,
And champion me to th' utterance.

Macbeth frequently talks about opposing Fate itself. This is the only thing that makes him seem heroic. Here where he says "champion me," he is challenging Fate to come and fight him in a formal combat. It might be said that the main conflict in the play is between Macbeth and Fate, with Macbeth the protagonist and Fate the antagonist. In the end Fate proves invincible. Fate intends for Macbeth to die, just as it intends for all of us to die. It is always invincible. Fate can be visualized as a black knight astride a black horse with his face hidden by a black helmet.

Should the novel "The Great Gatsby" by F.Scott Fitzgerald continue to be taught in high school?Please give complete answers & reasoning. You may...

I would answer that, of course, it should be taught.  I would wonder why this is even an issue.  Why wouldn't it be taught?

The novel is sophisticated, top-tier literature.  It may be the best love story of the 20th century. 

One test of literature is the level of ambiguity in the work.  Life is ambiguous, and ambiguity is something that novels can do better than any other art form.  Novels should be ambiguous, like life.  Again, that is one of the main reasons novels should be studied.  Other art forms can do other things better than a novel, but no other art form can reveal ambiguity like a novel.

And Gatsby reveals ambiguity about as well as anything written in the 20th century. 

The characters are mixtures of positive and negative traits; Gatsby's obsession is both sublime--if that term can be applied to something that doesn't deal with nature--and idealistic and foolish; Daisy is both greedy, and a woman living in a man's world with little option for improvement except marrying wealthy. 

If for no other reason, The Great Gatsby should be taught because it reveals the ambiguities of existence.

What are the various miscalculations and mistakes McCandless made in chapters 16 to 18?

Despite wanting to live in the wilderness, Chris McCandless was ill-equipped to do so. His unfamiliarity with the Alaskan climate and landscape would have been better addressed with some preparation beyond his acquiring a book on the local plants. Krakauer's description of Chris' decision to learn about berries from books suggests he was fairly naive about what it would take to survive in the wild and avoid starvation. His lack of basic knowledge that most wilderness hikers would find crucial (how to attract attention in an emergency with flares, for example) and his failure to equip himself with emergency gear and food supplies led to his death by starvation (or possibly by poisoning, as he may have eaten plants he did not identify properly, but this was not fully determined). Although there was evidence described by Krakauer that Chris did some hunting, he obviously did not have the supplies or knowledge of preserving meat by drying, salting or curing it, which would have helped extend his food supply.

Chris also miscalculated his situation by willfully isolating himself from others who may have helped him, despite being not very far from civilization (only 30 miles from the highway and 16 miles form a hiking path). By not disclosing his whereabouts to anyone, he made it virtually impossible to maintain contact for emergency services to discover or rescue him. 

What is area of the Shakespeare canon that has yet to be written about extensively in academia?This question resulted from an argument I just had...

Certainly all of the texts have been written about an analyzed from a basic critical perspective. What continues to change is the addition and evolution of approaches to literary criticism. For example, feminist criticism was not really a recognized approach until at least the 1970s. Queer Theory, a branch of gender studies, is also another newer but very relevant critical approach to analyzing or interpreting Shakespeare. Same with post-modernism, audience reception studies, etc. As new readers and thinkers continue to approach Shakespeare from their own unique perspectives, it is entirely likely that new critical schools of thought will be introduced.

However, I think two even more fertile areas of study are that of performance and media studies. There will always be new performances of Shakespeare's plays, and contemporary theatrical productions frequently utilize popular cultural referents and imagery. Since these constantly evolve, analysis of such productions will (or can, at least) remain fresh and new. The same can be said for new film versions of Shakespeare; even if such films feature a "period" look, cinematic innovations and performance quality will evolve via the many collaborative choices made, as well as aspects of exhibition and distribution, which are shifting and changing rapidly due to innovations in technology.

Approaching it from these possible vantage points, I think we've only begun to talk about Shakespeare!

How is "A Jury of Her Peers" a more fitting title than Trifles?

"Trifles" means small things, insignificant details.  While it is these "trifles" that give away Minnie's guilt, the women are the only ones who pick up on them.  They put themselves in her shoes as any one of them might have done the same thing had they been in her situation.  They recall the Minnie they knew before her marriage and all see what being married to such a cold man and isolated in such an unforgiving setting have done to the once happy girl who sang.

The women are her peers...not the men who are actually there to gather evidence against her.  The women make a decision collectively to hide the things that would have convicted Minnie.

The reader wonders whether or not the men would have even discovered the evidence which condemns Minnie.  They didn't take time to notice anything other than her unkept household. If the women had not been there to pick up a few things for her, perhaps Minnie's story would never have been told.  They are "trifles" to the men, but they are the every day misery which tell the story of Minnie's neglectful and demoralising existence.

Decision making in organizations is, a political process. Build aconvincing case to support or oppose this claim.

Decision making in almost any organzation has to be a political process.  This is true because any leader has to have the support of his subordinates if a policy is to be carried out properly.

This is true even in organizations where the leader supposedly has complete power.  If he does not build support for his decisions, the subordinates may be unenthusiastic about implementing them and may do so as slowly as possible.

At lower levels of an organization, decision making is political because every person involved in a decision will be looking at the decision in terms of its impact on their future chances for promotion.

Regarding William Blake's Lamb/Tyger: What are powerful verbs used and what effect do they have on the poem?

To me, all of the powerful verbs are in "The Tyger." They are meant to show how fearsome the tiger is.

The verbs in "The Lamb" are really much more gentle -- verbs like "made" and "gave."  The most powerful verb there is "rejoice."  This makes sense because the lamb is gentle and the poem is supposed to be soothing and to represent the good in life.

By contrast, you have all sorts of powerful and scary verbs in the other poem.  You have "burning" and "dare" and "aspire" and "seize."  All of these are powerful verbs that show someone acting aggressively.

What was one external conflict Charlie Gordon had in the book?

In harmony with the above comments, Charlie struggled with fitting in: when he lacked intelligence he always allowed things to happen to himself in order to amuse Joe, Frank, et al and as his intelligence increased he had trouble fitting in with those who weren't as smart as he had become especially Ms. Kinnian because he would talk about concertos, math, and many languages and those less intelligent people were unable to comprehend. So on both ends of the spectrum Charlie struggled with acceptance.

Describe Fortunato's character in "The Cask of Amontillado."

Fortunato appears to be an extreme extrovert. He likes to get drunk. He has a lot of money and evidently enjoys spending it on his own enjoyment. He is wearing a jester's costume when Montresor encounters him on the street. People generally choose costumes that represent what they think of themselves, how they would like others to perceive them, and/or what they would like to be. Fortunato would like to be thought of as a very funny fellow, but if he has really injured Montresor a thousand times, then he is the kind of "funny fellow" who likes to inflict pain. The court jesters of old were often cruel in their jests because they had the protection of a powerful patron. The grave digger in Hamlet says that Yorick, the king's jester, poured a bottle of wine over his head one time. That may have amused the king and his guests, but the victim would not have been amused. King Lear's fool is constantly saying hurtful truths to Lear and to others. Many of the "injuries" Montresor suffered from Fortunato may have been painful digs that hurt his pride. Montresor describes Fortunato as "a man to be respected and even feared."

Briefly explain sociology as a field of study and summarize the 3 major sociological perspectives. Functionalist Conflict Interactionist

Sociology is a field of study that attempts to explain how society and the groups a person belongs to affect the ways in which people behave.  This is as opposed to psychology, for example, which looks at people simply as individuals.

A functionalist looks at various parts of society as parts of a body.  It argues that all the parts of a society get to be that way because they serve an important function.

A conflict perspective says societal institutions get to be that way by conflict -- they are basically imposed by the elites through conflict.

Interactionists are more like psychologists, saying that society is made up of the interactions of individuals.

Choose two images and explain how the author creates a certain mood and tone with these images in The Great Gatsby.We walked through a high hallway...

In the second paragraph you cite from The Great Gatsby, Tom is the killjoy, which is appropriate since he will play the same role when he smacks Myrtle and when he puts a stop to the flirtation, as he thinks of it, of Daisy and Gatsby.  He causes a shift in this passage.

The writer, or more accurately, the speaker, relates the shift, however.  Overall, he accomplishes the shift by reversing the imagery. 

The white dresses  are "fluttering" and "rippling" as if just returning from a "flight," and the women are "buoyed up" as if they are floating in midair by an "anchored balloon."  The diction contributes to the visual imagery.  But the "whip" and "snap" and "groan" (diction contributing to sound imagery) become a "boom" and the shift occurs.  Instead of the light, airy imagery, and in addition to "boom," we get "shut," "caught," "died," and "slowly to the floor."  This juxtaposition--placing opposites side by side--of imagery, contributed to by the diction, enhances the effect of the shift.  The speaker reverses the imagery, and thereby reverses the tone. 

Of course, the light, poignant picture of the women floating is an illusion.  And like other illusion in The Great Gatsby, it is brought to an abrupt end. 

How did the narrator describe Ethan Frome in the novel Ethan Frome?

At the beginning of the book, the narrator describes Ethan Frome as "the ruin of a man." Ethan is very tall, and stands out in contrast to the majority of the other denizens of the area, who tend to be stocky in build. Ethan has a "careless powerful look" about him, despite the fact that he is lame. When he walks, his gait is characterized by a check at each step, as if one leg is shackled by a chain. Ethan, whom the narrator later confirms had been quite physically impressive when he was in his prime, still retains a "striking" demeanor at the time the narrator meets him. There is something "bleak and unapproachable in his face," however, that is immediately discernable, and he is "so stiffened and grizzled" that the narrator initially believes that he is "an old man." Ethan, in fact, is only fifty-two at the time his path crosses with that of the narrator. It is clear that he is a man who has suffered much, a fact that is verified to the narrator by the driver of the stage on which he is riding. The driver, Harmon Gow, tells the narrator that Ethan has "looked that way ever since he had his smash-up...twenty-four years ago come next February" (Chapter 1).

What is the setting of The Count of Monte Cristo?

This question can be answered in two ways. 

First, when it comes to setting from a temporal point of view, the story takes place during the time of the decline of Napoleon's empire. More precisely, the story starts in 1815 and it ends in 1844. 

Second, when it comes to location, the story mostly takes place in Paris. Most of the major events of the book are in Paris, which make sense because the Count of Monte Cristo (Edmond) is reintroduced into society as a wealthy nobleman. 

Other places are also important. Marseilles is where Edmond is from. This is his hometown, where his father was and died as well as where he fell in love with Mercedes. This is also where he was framed. 

Rome, Greece, and Constantinople also play important roles. For example, Edmond emerged in Rome after nearly a decade (after his escape) and makes friends with Albert de Morcerf, who in turn introduced him to Parisian society. 

In Fahrenheit 451, what alternative does Faber offer?

The above answer may well be the one you're looking for, but just in case I'll offer another one.  Your question can be read on at least two levels.

Having met Faber before the text of the novel opens, Montag thinks of him when he has trouble comprehending what he reads.  The two seem to understand one another at some level, as demonstrated by Faber giving Montag, a firemen, his address, and Montag keeping it and not turning Faber in.  Once Montag has made a decision that there must be more to life, and books might be the answer, he calls Faber.

Faber, then, is an alternative way of life.  Or rather, he is the gateway to another way of life.  He can help Montag understand what he reads, and he gives Montag an ally.

That, too, in a sense, is what Faber offers Montag.

Describe the response of Americans to the rise of nationalism in Japan, Italy, and Germany during the 1930s.

I don't know about the American response to nationalism in these countries.  I rather think the nationalist movements in these countries came in the 19th century; at least the unifications of the German states and of the Italian states came in the 19th century.  The unification of Japan occurred in the 16th century.

I rather think your question was supposed to be about America's response to the rise of imperialism in Japan, Italy, and Germany during the 1930s.  This America did take note of.

You were right to limit your question to Japan, Germany, and Italy; Franco of Spain does not belong to that category.

About the same time that America conquered the Philippines in southeastern Asia, Japan conquered Korea and Formosa in northeastern Asia.  Observers then said that the next great war was likely to be between Japan and USA, but america had no national policy to prepare for such a war; a few naval officers may have considered alternative strategies against Japan in case of war, but this was just their professionalism at work, not a national policy. 

It is probable that Hitler wanted to conquor the whole world; Japan wanted to conquor eastern Asia from Burma to eastern Russia, and the near-byIndies and Philippines, and the central Pacific Islands.  In 1937, Japan invaded China; in 1939, Germany invaded Poland.  At the beginning of 1939, President Roosevelt and his advisers started preparing the USA for war.  USA soon started transferring its old arms and war ships to Britain to use in its war with Germany.  At first the American people wanted to stay out of the war, but by 1941, a majority of Americans supported Roosevelt's preparations for war, while still hoping America's participation could be naval, air support, and manufacturing, not troops on the ground.  In December 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the Philippines.  USA declared war on Germany, Japan, and Italy.  Britain and USA agreed that Germany had to be defeated first, then Japan.

What problems were mentioned in The Scarlet Ibis and why are they problems?Can you give me four problems and why?

The most central problem is that Doodle is born disabled.  This is a conflict of man vs. society.  In the time period of the story, the disabled had very little chance for a normal life.  Doodle will grow up needing medical care that isn't available, and will face being an adult without ever being able to get a job and support himself.

Other social conflicts that are mentioned include drought and crop failure.  As the boys live in an agricultural community, these problems mean a lack of income for local families, less money to pay for food and for doctors, which directly affects Doodle and his brother.

The narrator has a few internal struggles.  He does not like having a disabled brother, and feels ashamed of Doodle.  This is a problem because it forces him to push Doodle to improve.  Although this causes some good changes, it also leads to bullying and eventually to Doodle's death.

Doodle himself has an internal struggle.  Doodle wants to please his brother.  He feels that is a failure to his family and he wants to be accepted, as most people do.  He allows his brother to push him and takes his failures very personally.  This also helps to lead to his death.

What does Atticus mean when he says..."You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view- until you climb into...

This is plain as day. Atticus has wanted his children to look at life from Boo's perspective, from a Negro's perspective, and from their peers perspectives throughout this story.

What may be confusing here is the idea of climbing around in someone's skin. I think it would be easy to just put someone's shoes on. You would feel that the shoes were a little tight or a little loose. And you then could give the shoes back.

To walk around in someone's skin would mean adopting their life characteristics, the things they are persecuted about, praised for, expected of, and stuck with. You can't just quickly adopt someone's life traits. This would take deep analysis and consideration. Scout only ever gets this when she stands on Boo Radley's porch and imagines what it might have been like to watch her over the years.