Rationalization affects a society on multiple ways. First, it challenges all traditional societies, since rationalization usually is opposed to tradition, which is based on things other than reason. In this sense, it can challenge notions of religion, worldviews, gender roles, to name a few. In some ways, these changes are good, but in other ways, these changes break communities, since tradition is no longer prized.
Also rationalization changes the work habits, because rationalization seeks to order all things in a systematic way based on efficiency. So, for example, rationalization may change small farms into larger one. Or it may use machines to do what has been done by hand. In short, it changes the way people work. One of the ramfications can be that people now view themselves as small parts of a larger machines. Again, this this good and bad points.
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