An ad hominem argument is one in which you attack the person who is making an argument that you do not like instead of attacking the argument itself.
An example of this would be, for example, if you do not like the health care bill that the President just signed today. You could say something like "President Obama, who shouldn't be president anyway because he was not born in America, is in favor of this bill. We must oppose it in any way we can."
That is an ad hominem argument. It is fallacious because it is not based on "here's why the bill is bad." Instead it is saying "I don't like Obama, and therefore the bill is bad."
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