The point of view is third person limited, so we know only what Henry Fleming, the main character, is thinking. We don't know what the other characters are thinking and feeling.
This book is mainly a coming-of-age story for Henry Fleming. He leaves his mother as an innocent boy eager to fight, glorifying and romanticizing war. Once he's wounded, he becomes so afraid that he leaves the battlefield. He does return to his unit, but he must lie to them because he's ashamed of deserting. By the end, Henry is much like a veteran soldier who understands what war is really like.
In no way does Crane glorify war in his book. Through Henry, we see the horrors of war. When he wanders into the forest, he sees death and the agony of war. Men have lost limbs and are so stunned by what has happened to them that they no longer seem able to function. This shocks Henry and confuses him, making him feel even more alone. Crane uses Henry to show his readers what war does to men and to show how senseless and cruel war is.
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