Rust is a common term used for the corrosion of iron and its alloys (i.e. steel), formed by the reaction of the iron with oxygen. Given sufficient time, oxygen, and water, any iron mass eventually converts entirely to rust and disintegrates.
The rusting of iron is an electrochemical process in which electrons are transferred from iron to oxygen. The result is a reddish-brown residue produced by the breakdown of the iron molecules. If allowed to progress, it eventually compromises the integrity and strength factor of the iron mass to the point where breakage or failure can occur.
Rust is a serious, often dangerous factor to contend with when building large metal structures! So, many anti-rust agents have been developed over the years to apply to iron-containing metals in an effort to slow down or prevent rust's occurrence. Such products or agents include, but are not limited to: rust-inhibiting paint, polymer coatings, zinc and tin electroplating, bluing, and dehumidification.
On small metal surfaces, rust can be removed by the application of steel wool or various other metal polishing compounds (i.e. WD-40). With a little time and "elbow grease", a shiny surface can usually be restored to its original luster.
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