Please name some of the Romantic elements of "The Tell Tale Heart".According to the school of Dark Romanticism

Romanticism is movement in literature that celebrates the expression of emotion and internal conflict.  It sought to idealize the human spirit and the human soul.  Dark Romanticism, like it sounds, focused on the darker side of that human spirit, and often dealt with emotions like grief and depression.  It also dealt with mental instability.

In this story, the mental instability of the character is clear.  He has no purpose for killing his master, except that the master's eye particularly bothers him.  The narration of the story provides readers with an in-depth examination of the narrator's emotions and his murderous thoughts.  The careful description allows readers to probe into the elements of human nature that lead someone to commit murder.  Also, the pounding of the heart that the narrator hears depicts the effects of the negative emotion of grief on an individual.  The first person point of view strengthens the character analysis and better portrays these emotions.

What was the first boat ever built?Some people tell me it was Noah's Ark.

It is true that Noah's Ark was the first boat mentioned in the Bible, but most scientists and historians do not believe that this means it was the first boat ever built.

There is, of course, no way of knowing when the first boat was ever built.  We can say what the oldest boat ever found is, but that doesn't mean it was the first boat ever built.  Boats were being built before people started writing things down, so we have no idea who actually made the first boat.

This idea is captured in this quote:

"The basic problem is that all boats are made out of organic materials that just don't preserve in the archaeological record," said Professor Knut Fladmark, of Simon Fraser University in Canada.

Professor Fladmark believes humans were building boats 40,000-50,000 years ago and cites evidence that Australia was colonised by this time despite the fact there was no land bridge connecting it to South East Asia.

The oldest boat that's ever been found is from about 7,000 years ago.  It was found in Kuwait.  But this was a serious, ocean-going boat.  So no one believes it was the first one ever made.

So the short answer is that no one will ever know when or where the first boat was made.

Its wrong what they say about the past..how you can bury it. Because the past claws its way out.I am writing an essay on this topic. What points...

The past does not exist. It is not a thing or a creature with a mind or a will of its own. It cannot "claw its way out." You can choose to think about it or not think about it; it's up to you.

That's not to say that the past has not added up to where you are right at this moment, but you can examine your actions in the past, learn from them, and make positive decisions based on what you have learned. Then you can move on freely in the present.

Maybe this quote from Marcus Aurelius will help you understand:

Every man lives only this present time, which is an indivisible point, and all the rest of his life is either past or it is uncertain. Short then is the time which every man lives, and small the nook of the earth where he lives; and short too the longest posthumous fame, and even this is only continued by a succession of poor human beings who will very soon die and who know not even themselves, much less him who died long ago.

Become the master of your fate and don't let the past drag your thoughts and actions backwards. As it has no real existence, the past has only the power that you allow it to exert. It is but a breath on the wind; surely your mind is stronger than that.

What are three of the most important events in the book The Witch of Blackbird Pond?

Three most important events of Witch Blackbird Pond.  Kit’s arrival in New England would the first, and this even would include her reactions to the place, meeting her new family, trying to share her clothes, and Matthew’s stern reaction to that.  This is significant because it provides crucial information about character and setting and establishes the conflicts that follow.  The second important event would be meeting Hannah, the “witch,” for she changes Kit’s outlook on life, connecting her to the sensuous natural beauty of her home in Barbados and in this way giving her a “home away from home.” This event introduces Hannah as the main symbol of the novel, a kind woman misunderstood and branded as “witch” because of being different, an “brand” which increases her outsiderness. Even though she remains on the margins of that community, however, she remains good and kind and teaches Kit how to be the same. The third event would be Kit risking her own life and reputation to save Hannah, doing what is wrong in the eyes of the community but what, in her heart, she knows is right. This results in the community naming her as witch, too, and propels the resolution of the novel.

In A Separate Peace is it Finny's fault Gene flunked the test? How does he feel?

Finny's influence over Gene certainly plays a role in Gene not doing well on his test; however, it is mostly Gene's fault.  Finny did not force Gene to go on the trip to the beach--if Gene had just stood up for himself, he could have said no, and stayed home to study.  Gene as a bit of a weak character when it comes to saying no to Finny, and he needs to take responsibility for that, and not blame the amiable Finny.

Because of the beach trip, Gene does not have time to study, and does indeed fail a test.  Gene is super upset about this, and takes all of his bitterness out on Finny, concluding that Finny is distracting Gene on purpose in order to make him fail.  Why would Finny do this?  Because Finny is jealous of Gene's good grades (not a strong point for Finny), and wants to "level the playing field."  Finny is just as envious and bitter about Gene as Gene is about Finny.  At least, these are the conclusions that Gene draws.  Gene concludes bitterly that "Finny had deliberately set out to wreck my studies," and from then on, makes a more concerted effort to do well.

Whether or not Finny did that on purpose or not is up in questions still--Gene thinks it was, but as the reader it is hard to believe it.  Finny just seems like a nice kid who likes having Gene around; after all, in chapter three, he confessed that Gene is his best friend.  Eventually, Gene changes his opinion, but it is too late, after damage has been done.  I hope that helped; good luck!

In chapter 9, why do Ralph and Piggy join the dance?

Ralph and Piggy join the dance because they are succumbing to their own weakness, exhaustion, and loneliness. A storm is coming, they are alone , and are tired of trying to keep the others from siding with Jack's tribe.

The fire and roasting pig are strong incentives for the pair, and weakness takes over, and they go. They are tired and hungry, and for a time , just want to quit resisting , and let someone else take care of them.

As the storm builds, the boys are ordered to dance. The excitement even affects Ralph and Piggy , so they dance until Simon makes his appearance.

What does the mockingjay symbolize in The Hunger Games? I have muttations, rebellion, survival, beauty, mistakes, and communication. Can...

While agreeing wholeheartedly with all the above answers, I feel there is another aspect to the Mockingjay so far only briefly alluded to: communication.

One outstanding quality of the mockingjay are its beautiful and elaborate songs - and the fact that these mostly originate from other sources, which the birds pick up, transmit, and sometimes alter. Mockingjays cannot be abused for spying like their forefathers, the jabberjays, but they can still carry on a melody across wide distances, like an African drum. This in itself can serve as a means of communication: District 11 used it for warnings, Katniss and Rue to reassure one another; and the new Rebellion uses the Mockingjay, i.e. Katniss, as the unifying face and voice in the fight against the Capitol.

As the Mockingjay of the rebels, Katniss is turned into something like a leader-figure; but in the three books, she rarely really acts as a leader. She was not the one to call people to fight in the first place, but her individual (if defiant) actions in the arena of the 74th Hunger Games were amplified into a call for rebellion by the people in the districts (and President Snow himself). Even when she officially accepts the role of the Mockingjay, she is not the one who plans and designs the revolution but their broadcast face and mascot.

In reading the books, the degree to which Katniss's effect in the media is instrumentalised by all sides sometimes stung me. Like the real mockingjays, she is used to communicate to the rebels, and it is often the song of others that she transmits. However, while mockingjays are used, they cannot be fully controlled or instrumentalised: They choose which melodies to pick up; sometimes they remain silent; at other times, they sing of their own accord (e.g. to announce a Hovercraft). And so does Katniss: She decides what to communicate and how to communicate it; she gives the call for rebellion a voice and meaning of her own (often defying her supervisors and friends), and she lifts her voice against the plans and strategies of the rebel soldiers when she feels that their military strategies deny the very humanity they are all fighting for.

So, if Katniss becomes the Mockingjay, she does not assume the power of Leadership. But this does not mean she has no power. Hers is the subtle but incalculable power of the communicative act, the symbol itself.

Why is Hrothgar's lineage given in Beowulf?Why is Grendel's lineage given?

The lineage is to establish Hrothgar's rightful succession as king. It also supposes that Grendel's own ancestry goes back to the Biblical Cain, which sets up the story of a justifiable king and is people versus an alleged monstrous descendant of Cain: in other words, a battle worth fighting, especially by a warrior with Beowulf's credentials.

Another reason lineages were important to epic and heroic poems (and of course, histories) is that these were written records of praise, completely factual or not. They were predominantly written about, or for, kings, whereas now, it is just as, or more democratic to write about people of all walks and classes. But one of the things this epic establishes is that characters like Beowulf are worth writing about: maybe for is bravery, or for his generosity. "Lofgeornost," the poem's last line, means "most desirous of praise." As a king himself, Beowulf would be worthy of being written about, but it was customary to record the lineage of kings simply because they were kings: any acts of bravery, generosity, etc. just gave more to write about: more 'lofgeornost.'

Explain the irony in using the word "leech" in association with Chillingworth in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter.

Roger Chillingworth, the cuckolded husband of Hester Prynne in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter is the greatest sinner of all the characters.  For, he enters the home of Dimmesdale under the pretense of being a healer of the body when, in truth, he desires to "violate the sanctity of the human heart" by probing into the conscience of Arthur Dimmesdale.  While pretending to be the friend and confidant of Dimmesdale, he seeks to discover if the minister is the man who has sinned with his wife.  Like a leech, he attaches himself to Dimmesdale, and through his insidious and surreptitious questions he seeks the knowledge that is in the heart of the unsuspecting minister. His drawing forth from the ailing psyche of Dimmesdale is anything but healing; instead the minister is weakened the longer that the physician dwells with him, growing paler by the day.  In Chapter XIV when Chillingworth and Hester talk, he tells her with a fierce pride of his torture of the minister.  Describing what has taken place he says,

A mortal man, with once a human heart, has become a fiend for his especial torment.

Chillingworth suggests further that, rather than having paid his debt, Dimmesdale has increased it, by making of Chillingworth the fiend which he has become.  He is guilty of what Hawthorne calls "the unpardonable sin":  the subordination of the heart to the intellect.  It occurs when one is willing to sacrifice his fellow man in order to gratify his own selfish interest.  This interest is to destroy Dimmesdale; the promise he made to Hester in their interview of Chapter IV:  "He will be mine!"

 And, here lies the irony:  leeches were placed on ailing people in order to draw out the bad blood which made them sick.  Thus, leech became synonymous with physicians of the 17th century since this method was employed often by them.  However, this physician, the leech, Chillingworth, drains the very soul of Arthur Dimmesdale in order to learn its secrets, further debilitating him. Like the leech, Chillingworth's soul is the blackest, for his revenge is dependent upon the destruction of another human being, not the healing.

The novel Wide Sargasso Sea is an answer or a reply to another novel. What was that novel, and what is the importance of this reply?

Wide Sargasso Sea is a response to Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre.  It is important because it presents a completely different perspective of the character of Edward Rochester's first wife. It also explores issues of postcolonialism and specifically the relationship between the West Indians and the English in the post-emancipation Caribbean, exposing the attitudes which allow the domination of one race over another. 

In Jane Eyre, Rochester's wife Bertha is depicted solely as a madwoman, subhuman, a dangerous and promiscuous monster locked away in the attic, and Rochester as the innocent and unhappy victim of an arranged marriage.  In Wide Sargasso Sea, Bertha is called Antoinette, a real person with needs and motivations for the things she does.  A child of mixed race, Antoinette has been an outcast all her life.  Although her marriage with Rochester is indeed arranged by others, it is his rejection and revulsion to her sensuality and mixed heritage which drives her to the brink of insanity. 

Show how the events of "Raymond's Run" fit into the five parts of a plot curve.

Exposition occurs when, in the first person point of view, Hazel gives quite a bit of information about her neighborhood, her brother, other children, and that which she takes most pride in, her running.  Rising action includes the "confrontation between Hazel and Gretchen, and the running of the race, which Hazel arrives for at the very last minute and nearly misses.  The climax occurs when Hazel is finally announced as the winner, even as she had been deciding to coach Raymond, who had been running along with her on the other side of the fence.  The falling action occurs as Hazel and Gretchen smile with genuine respect at each other, and in denouement, Hazel is thinking how excited she is that she won, and how proud she is of Raymond.

IS A 400 DOLLAR TAX PER FAMILY A REGRESSIVE OR PROPORTIONAL TAX?

A fixed tax of $400 per family is neither regressive or proportional. This types of tax, called fixed tax is one of the four basic types of tax, called fixed tax. the other three type being proportional, progressive, and regressive.

A fixed tax is defined in terms of the amount of tax paid rather than as a proportion of income. A fixed tax means same amount of tax is charged from all irrespective of their income.

A proportional tax is charged as fixed percentage of the total income. There is no change in the in this percentage based on the level of income. A progressive tax is means that the percentage of tax charged increases with the increase in income. Thus people with higher income are charged tax at higher rate than those with lower income. This is the most common method of charging income tax in countries around the world. Regressive tax is opposite of progressive tax. In this system the people with higher income pay tax at lower percentage rate as compared to people with lower income. This was the system prevalent in some countries in olden days, but is not used any more.

what is thoreau's opinion of life?

Thoreau believes that nature, humans, and God are united and that God is found in everything in nature and in people. He believed that in order for humans to experience God within themselves, they needed to go and spend time in nature. There he finds solitude and peace, away from the people in the cities who want to own things and be rich. Thoreau feels the activity in the cities deprives us of our spirituality, and one must go back to the solitude of nature to get it back. Thoreau also believed that people don't need buildings and priests and books to know God since God is within each person. He wrote, "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away."

I am writing an essay on sameness and am having trouble with the thesis statement.I want to take the position against sameness, and I need 2...

The first thing you need to do is figure out why you are against sameness. Is it the loss of individuality? The lack of personal expression? One of the reasons why I would not want everyone to be the same is because it implies that someone else is in control and making choices about what is ok for you and what is not. Think of all we would lose if we could not express individuality. Would there be music? Would poetry not be written anymore? Could we root for our favorite team or wear our team's colors? Do some more thinking on the subject, and I'm sure you'll do fine.

Another thing, I know teachers say that you need to have some kind of "hook" to draw readers into your essay. My feeling is that if you express your beliefs in a clear and convincing way, you won't need to resort to using tricks; besides most of those "hooks" end up sounding a little corny!

What is the significance of the Dave Singleman story to this play?

In Act 2 of Death of a Salesman we find Willy Loman trying to convince Howard Wagner Jr, his boss, to allow him to take a desk job that would at least give him 50 dollars a week to be able to support the family.

By this time, Willy had already negotiated other ways to change his job, which Howard Wagner continued to ignore. As a last resort, Willy tells the story of David Singleman, a man after whom Willy wanted to design his life.

David Singleman is pivotal character because Willy had almost decided to join his brother and find his father when he suddenly meets Singleman in the Parker House.

His name was Dave Singleman.And he was eighty-four years old, and he’d drummed merchandise in thirty-one states.

Willly goes on to say that David was unlike any other salesman because he would call his buyers and finalize sales from his room without even leaving. David was 84 and, when he died, everybody attended his funeral. Unfortunately, Willy felt that he could have managed to copycat the life of another person just because he liked what he saw.

Willy preferred the idea of quick money and being well-known. He made that his own American Dream. We all know that this was perhaps not the best decision that he has ever made. Twice Willy’s brother had proposed to go away to make a fortune. Willy declined each time. He truly wanted to attempt the David Singleman formula.

in this story how is Zaroff civilized and how is he not?

Zaroff presents somewhat of an oxymoron. While being an extremely “civilized” higher class man in the sense that he is familiar with aspects of high culture, he gives a different meaning to the word civilized not the one most cultures see it as today.

“I have electricity; we try to be civilized here.”

In most cases civilized relates to social order by treating others well and following laws. The General sees the term civilization as keeping up with time and its technology. He believes that men are no more important than animals, if they are able to be hunted than they will be hunted.

What is a huge difference between Dede and Minerva in the book In the Time of the Butterflies?

Probably the most notable difference between Dede and Minerva is in their personalities, especially as concerns their levels of assertiveness in making decisions. Minerva is adventurous and strong-minded, while Dede, nicknamed "Miss Sonrisa," or "Miss Smile," is gentle and compliant, the one who  sacrifices herself to keep peace among those she loves.

From childhood, Minerva is outspoken and restless, in contrast to Dede, who tends to be more of a homebody. When Papa agrees to allow the older girls to attend a Catholic boarding school, Minerva, who is third in chronological age, jockeys to be included, and is allowed to go when Dede, who is second-oldest, good-naturedly consents to stay home to help her parents with the store. Minerva is the first to become involved with the Revolution, eventually influencing each of her sisters to join her in her dangerous work. Minerva throws herself wholeheartedly into the resistance, while Dede struggles with her decision to become involved for her entire life.

Dede's reluctance to assert herself affects her relationships with Minerva and others as well. When the sisters are befriended by Virgilio Morales, Dede is infatuated with him but does not declare herself. Virgilio, unaware of Dede's feelings for him, falls in love with Minerva instead, and when he is forced to go into hiding, invites her to join him. Dede intercepts the letter from Virgilio asking Minerva to accompany him, and out of frustration and jealousy, burns it. Minerva does not find out about Virgilio's invitation until it is too late, and Dede is overcome with guilt at her underhanded attempt to assert herself. Ever compliant to the wishes of others, Dede marries Jaimito, a young family friend with whom it has always been assumed she would wed. Jaimito is immature and controlling, and the marriage does not last.

Where is the boundary between health and disease, in terms of alcohol consumption ?

For alcohol to cause us a sense of well or have beneficial effects on sexual life, is enough to drink 330 milliliters of beer, wine 100-150 ml or 30-50 ml of spirituous liquors.

World Health Organization (WHO) defines moderate alcohol consumption as follows: Women should drink no more than two alcoholic beverages per day, men should not drink more than three alcoholic beverages a day, and when special occasions such as Christmas or New Year should avoid drinking more than four alcoholic beverages a day. In addition, WHO recommends that persons who  alcohol abused in a special occasion,to avoid drink a week, for the liver to work back to normal.

Specialists in nutrition say that wine contains antioxidants,  which has an important role in thinning the blood. In addition, moderate alcohol consumption protects the heart. However, doctors do not recommend alcohol consumption for cardiovascular protection.

Alcohol may give dependence, and excessive consumption risks outweigh the benefits. So abusive consumption of wine or any other alcoholic beverages lead to liver damage, or cirrhosis development, the development of osteoporosis, stomach ulcers, the acute or chronic pancreatitis. In addition, people who drink alcohol daily than the recommended dose had an increased risk of throat cancer, esophagus, liver and even breast cancer, doctors notice.

In the movie The Great Debaters, what does this quote mean?"who is the judge? The judge is god...Why is he god? Because he decides who wins or...

I am going to go a bit further than the previous answer and say that the key is the very last three words (and punctuation):  "the truth I speak!"  What this means is that a debater must believe, ... further, ... must KNOW that the words he speaks are the truth (no matter WHAT the debate is about).  There are no other sides.  There is only a "dissenting voice," which is not a true opponent. 

Now we must go even further and realize the CONTEXT of this speech.  The debate coach, Melvin Tolson, must lead his African American team to victory, ... in the aftermath of the Civil War reconstruction:  the 1930s.  At the time, the African American fear of white people was very, very real.  Lynchings (and other hate crimes) were common. 

The African Americans of Tolson's debate team, then, were actually AFRAID of their opponents for their own safety as well as the muted (and erroneous) fear that whites were better than blacks, even at debating.  This was Tolson's attempt at getting rid of that fear.  God:  the only judge.  Truth:  the only winner.

Why do some vampires in Twilight have red eyes but the Cullens have golden eyes?

In the "Twilight Saga" mythos, vampires with red eyes indicate that the vampire has eaten human blood, which is why James' coven has red eyes as well as the Volturi.

If a vampire has only had animal blood ("vegetarianism" as the Cullens say), like Edward's family, their eyes would be golden.

A newly embraced vampire would have red eyes for a time even if he or she only eats animal blood after becoming a vampire because he or she has consumed human blood in order to make the change.

All vampires' eyes become black when hungry.

Scientists notice a steady decline in the population of wolves that will affect the populalation of wolves for four years...1. make a prediction...

I would predict that the population of moose in this area will be increasing soon.  The major reason for this is, I assume, that wolves are a major predator of moose.  If they wolf population is declining, this means that there will be fewer wolves to prey on the moose and the moose population will increase.

It is hard to know what would cause the wolf population to increase because we don't know why it is decreasing.  If the wolf population is decreasing for lack of food, then we can predict that it will increase in coming years.  This will be true because the moose population will rise, providing more food for the wolves.

Discuss the theme of the play The Glass Menagerie by Tennesse Williams.

One theme you could look at is what we live for, what keeps us going, what floats our boat.

Each of the characters in The Glass Menagerie live for something different, have different views of their lives, different, visions of the present the past and the future.

Amanda is worried about her daughter, Laura. She is concerned that, with her brother gone and she, her mother, dead, Laura will not be able to take care of herself. Amanda is afraid that Laura may not survive without someone to care for her. What Amanda lives for is the coming of a "gentleman caller" who will sweep Laura off her feet and take her away and love her and cherish her.

Tom lives for the possibility of something more dynamic than his daily, dreary, humdrum existence. He works in a shoe warehouse and desires desperately to get out of his present life. He wants to (and will) join the Merchant Marine and set sail for ports unknown... places that he hopes will give him freedom to search out romance and adventure.

Laura is happy with her old phonograph records and her collection of little glass animals, her glass menagerie. Hard as it may be for one to believe, polishing her little glass animals and making up stories about them is just about all Laura needs to make her content. Would she be any different if she had a real relationship with a gentleman caller? Maybe. But her glass collection fulfills most of her needs.

What happened to the occupants of the house?

All family members are dead, because of an atomic war. You can see it in line 31("At night the ruined city gave off a radioactive glow, which could be seen for miles."). The family consists of 4 members, the two parents and two children. Besides, a dog lives in that house, but died during the plot of that story. So that the one left "living" occupant in that house is the robot mice.

The only thing, which remains to the family are their shadows on the wall.

Can we say that the play Hamlet is an artistic failure? Why or why not?There must be a difference of opinion between T. S. Eliot and other critics.

TS Eliot’s explanation of why Hamlet is an artistic failure provides a language to interpret works of literature in general.  He says “The only way of expressing emotion in the form of art is by finding an "objective correlative"; in other words, a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events which shall be the formula of that particular emotion; such that when the external facts, which must terminate in sensory experience, are given, the emotion is immediately evoked.”  In other words, the “objective correlative” in Coleridge’s “Rime of the Ancient Mariner” for the emotion of guilt and remorse is the shooting of the albatross and the supernatural occurrences that follow, as well as the “eye” of the mariner as he tells his story.  Eliot argued that Hamlet lacked an “objective correlative” for Hamlet’s angst, that it was, so to speak, “over the top.”  “Objective correlative” is more than motivation, however, it is more of a metaphor (perhaps extended) that embodies the emotion the literature in question seeks to convey.

Why does Scout prefer the world of men to the world in which "fragrant ladies rocked slowly, fanned gently, and drank cool water"? "To Kill a...

Above all else, as the narrator of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout Finch is a tomboy who prefers her favorite garb--overalls--to that of a dress. Scout was based on the author Harper Lee, who was "a rough 'n' tough tomboy," according to childhood friends. Miss Lee also idolized her father, as does Scout, so it is no surprise that these important personality traits of the writer are also embodied within Scout.

Scout has been brought up by her father, Atticus (she never knew her mother), and he is undoubtedly her primary role model. She has little good to say about most of the women in the novel, with the exception of Miss Maudie. Her only sibling is brother Jem. There are apparently no girls her age in the neighborhood, and when Dill arrives each summer, he solidifies the threesome of best friends. Scout obviously looks up to Jem, and she tries to keep up with him in everything he does. Their games are masculine games for the most part; there is no mention of Scout playing with dolls, and even her baton is used by Jem as a weapon to destroy Mrs. Dubose's camellias. At school, she plays and fights with Walter Cunningham, Cecil Jacobs and Little Chuck Little; she has no apparent girl friends. Scout can wear a dress when necessary, as she does at the missionary circle, but she feels more comfortable wearing her overalls in the company of males.

Why do nomads and settled peoples tend to be enemies?history

Typically, this is for what you might call economic reasons.  The needs of nomadic people and those of settled, agricultural people tend to be in conflict with one another.

The major thing that nomadic people need is space.  They need to be able to move from place to place at any given time.  This means that they must have access to the places they need to be and the places in between (so they can travel from place to place).

By contrast, settled people need to have their own property, so to speak.  They need fields to grow their food and to graze their animals.  When they get these, they need to keep others off of these areas.

This is where the conflict arises -- nomads need lots of space and free access to that space.  Settled people try to take that space and cut off access to it.  This leads to conflict.

Example: cattlemen and settlers in the Old West.  The cattlemen wanted open range for their cattle to graze and to be able to drive the cattle across to market.  The settlers needed fenced fields that would be unavailable to the cattle.

Write shorts on the function of intonation & changes in spelling from old English to modern English.

Old English is a foreign tongue to us, as we see in the opening of Beowulf:

Hwæt we gardena in gear-dagum þeod-cyninga þrym what we spear-Danes’ in yore-days tribe-kings’ glory ge-frunon hu

a æþelingas ellen fremedon.

heard how the leaders courage accomplished

Yet there was no time when this language suddenly changed to ours—the process was gradual. This has been happening to all languages around the world since language began.

The change from Old English to Modern English—or from the first language to Nama or Jingulu or Greenlandic Eskimo—happened as the result of certain kinds of changes universal in how language changes. Sounds and spelling in a language change over time. Here are the four major processes whereby Old English changed to what is become Modern English:

1) Many of these changes seem to us to be “sloppy” speaking. For example, in early Latin, the word for impossible is inpossibilis, but in later Latin, the word was impossibilis. The n changed to an m because the m sound is closer to a p than n. This process is called assimilation.

2) Similarly, over time, consonants tend to weaken and even disappear. In Latin, the word for ripe was maturus. In Old Spanish, the word was pronounced the way it is written today: maduro; the t weakened into a d, and the s at the end vanished. But in Castillian Spanish today, the word is actually pronounced “mathuro,” with the soft kind of th in mother.

3) Vowels are fragile as well. The reason name is spelled with an e at the end is because the spelling corresponds to an earlier stage in our language. Once, the word was “NAH-meh.” Over time, the e weakened to an “uh” sound: “NAH-muh.” Finally, the e withered away completely.

4) The Great Vowel Shift. The first vowel changed as well: we do not say “nahm” but “naym.” This is because starting in the late 1300s, many English vowels began to shift to new ones. Much of our spelling reflects the stage before this shift. To understand it, we need to see how sounds fit into the human mouth. These are the basic vowels the way we learn them in, for example, Spanish:

i u high in the mouth

e o

a   low in the mouth

The process is changing even today. Many Americans today pronounce what is written as aw as ah, as in “rah fish” instead of “raw fish.”

How does The Merchant of Venice illustrate the theme of appearance versus reality?

To address the question of how the Merchant of Venice deals with the theme of appearance versus reality, start by reviewing the play. To be specific, look at the following things:

Look at how Antonio acts towards Shylock when talking directly to him, versus how he acts when Shylock can't hear him.

Then do the same for Shylock. What does he say privately, versus publicly?

Then, consider Portia. She dresses up like a man, changing her appearance, in order to change reality. Look at that section.

Then look at the discussions of the laws. What do they mean--and what are they interpreted to mean?

Then look at which chest is considered the right choice, versus which one different people choose. There is a conflict there between appearance and reality.

Remember this line from the play: All that glisters is not gold.

What did Herbert decide to call Pip?

The two first meet when they are little boys at Miss Havisham’s house. Herbert challenges Pip to a gentlemanly fight which Pip easily wins. Pip eventually moves to London. In Jagger, the solicitor’s office, Pip is introduced to his tutor, Matthew Pocket, and his son, Herbert Pocket, a poor gentleman who wants to become a merchant. Herbert quickly nicknames Pip "Handel" because he remembers Georg Handel's work The Harmonious Blacksmith, a reference to Pip's former profession.

What internal feud within the Communist party is paralleled in the struggle for power between Napoleon and Snowball?

One aspect of their characters that is well documented in Animal Farm is Trotsky's (Snowball) intellect vs. Stalin's (Napoleon) vicious treatment of people.

If you took a look at Snowball, he crafted the original master  plan of the windmill for the benefit of the animals. He had the idea of seeing the animals improve their comforts and living situations.

Trotsky too, wanted that for the Russian people. He hoped to see Russians profit from their work. His function in the beginning was as a military leader, but really, his visions were for people.

Napoleon, not very gifted with speaking to the animals, had to use Squealer to often further articulate his purposes. Napoleon also just got rid of animals who didn't fulfill his purposes. He also killed animals just because. Stalin, likewise, was not a prolific speaker, but had a purpose of either using people or killing them.

In chapter 2 of Hunger for Memory the author asks, "How did I manage my success?" What does that mean?

We normally think that once we become successful, we "have made it," and that success in itself takes care of the problems of life:  we feel secure in who we are, people admire us for our accomplishments, we make an impact on the world. Rodriguez reminds us that success is, in itself, not successful--it is how we use our accomplishments to understand our world and our lives that constitutes our real success. A bi-cultural identity always necessitates negotiation between both cultures that compose the individual; one needs to give meaning to the other to forge an integrated self. Rodriguez's difficulty is accomplishing that:  enabling his success in the Anglo world to give meaning to rather than alienate him from the other parts of his identity and what might constitute success there, that Hispanic part of his identity that connects him to his family and history.

In "The Scarlet Letter," chapters 11 and 12, what did Pearl ask Reverend Dimmesdale?

Pearl asks Dimmesdale if he will stand upon the scaffold during the day with her mother and herself.  To do so would be for Dimmesdale to confess.  It is Pearl throughout the novel that goads Dimmesdale into revealing his sin, and it is to her at the end that he turns when he finally does, looking for forgiveness.  At this point, however, Dimmesdale shrinks from the question.

What is the meaning of the title, "Nectar in a Sieve"

The title refers to the precariousness of life.  "Nectar" is the drink of the gods:  it is sweet, rich in nutrition, and in general refers to any delicious or invigorating drink. But what happens when put in a sieve?  It of course leaks through into the ground or what ever else is beneath it, but once it leaks through the sieve, it no longer has the power to give joy and vigor.  Such is the life of the protagonist:  it is rich but very precarious.  The rice she grows is constantly threatened by monsoons or other disasters, yet she loves it and loves to run her fingers through it for it represents life itself.  Thus, nectar is equated with rice which is equated with life, and the sieve constitutes all those things that make the nectar (rice, life) difficult to hold onto.

If 5x-11y = 2x+5y, then find the value of 3x² + 2y² : 3x² - 2y²

First of all, let's focus on the first condition given by the ennunciation, namely 5x-11y = 2x+5y.

We'll group the term in "x" into the left side of the equal and the terms in "y" into the right side and we'll do the math:

5x-2x = 11y+5y

3x=16y

For the moment, let's stop in this point of action.

Now,l let's focus on the exression which we have to calculate:

(3x² + 2y²) : (3x² - 2y²)

The expression at numerator, (3x² + 2y²), we could re-write it in this way:

(3x² + 2y²)= (3x + 2y)² - 2*3x*2y

The expression at denominator, (3x² - 2y²), is a difference ofsquares and it could be written as:

(3x² - 2y²)= (3x - 2y)*(3x + 2y)

Now, let's put together the found expressions:

(3x² + 2y²) : (3x² - 2y²)= [(3x + 2y)² - 2*3x*2y]/(3x - 2y)*(3x + 2y)

In the end, let's turn back at the found condition:

3x=16y

We'll apply some tricks on this condition, depending on the last form of the expression which we have to calculate:

3x=16y

3x + 2y=16y+2y

3x + 2y=18y

3x - 2y=16y-2y

3x - 2y=14y

Now, all we have to do is to substitute the calculated expressions above, into our expression:

[(3x + 2y)² - 2*3x*2y]/(3x - 2y)*(3x + 2y)=[(18y)²- 2*16y*2y]/(14y)*(18y)

[(18y)²- 2*16y*2y]/(14y)*(18y)=[(18y)²-2²*4²*y²]/14*18*y²=

But, at the numerator we have again a difference of squares:

[(18y)²-2²*4²*y²]=(18y-8y)(18y+8y)=10y*26y

[(18y)²-2²*4²*y²]/14*18*y²=10y*26y/14*18*y²

10y*26y/14*18*y²=2*5*2*13*y²/2*7*2*9*y²

After simplifying:

3x² + 2y² : 3x² - 2y²=65/63

What is "The Age of Innocence" about?

The novel is about how individuals tackle the status-quo of New York society in the late ninetenth century.  The reader is presented with a series of characters, which when placed against eachother create such a paradox it is impossible to miss.  For a woman to question her "place" in society was unthinkable during the ninetenth century.  This does not mean it did not happen.  Wharton is brillant in her creation of Newland, May Welland his intended, and the Countess Olenska.  It is through these characters that Wharton questions the social status-quo between men and women.  There are several minor characters that she uses to give the story more depth, but more so to add to her commentary.  Ultimately the novel asks the bold question without actually asking it...if something is so important to you do you "rock the boat" or do you conform to what is expected of you.  We must remember in answering this question the cost is going to be high, no matter what the outcome.  Wharton's novel pushes the reader to confront a difficult topic, and in doing so allows the reader to assess their own truth.

Use the four step process to find the derivative of f(x) where f'(x) = lim [f(x+h)-f(x)]/h (the lim is h to 0) : f(x) = 1 / 4x-3

Using the 4 step process you can find f'(x) below:

1) f(x+h) = 1/ (4(x+h)-3)  and f(x) = 1 / 4x-3

2) f(x+h) - f(x)= (4x - 3)/(4x + 4h - 3)(4x - 3) - (4x + 4h - 3)/(4x + 4h - 3)(4x - 3) = [ (4x-3)-(4x + 4h -3)] / (4x + 4h - 3)(4x - 3) = - 4h / 16x^2 + 16xh - 24x - 12h + 9

3) f(x+h) - f(x) / h = [- 4h /16x^2 + 16xh - 24x - 12h +9] / h = [- 4h /16x^2 + 16xh - 24x - 12h +9] * (1/h) =   (cancel h's)       - 4 /16x^2 + 16xh - 24x - 12h +9

4) as h --> 0 using step 3

f'(x) = lim f(x+h) - f(x) / h =

lim - 4 /16x^2 + 16xh - 24x - 12h +9     {as h --> 0}             = - 4 /16x^2 + 0 - 24x - 0 +9 = - 4 / 16x^2 - 24x + 9

So f'(x) = - 4 / (16x^2 - 24x + 9).

**** the quotient rule is much easier to use here, but as you can see, you should always get the same answer regardless of the method used***

Describe the different manifestations of progressivism at the local, state, and national levels.Also, to what extent did progressives redefine the...

Progressives were instrumental in getting the government to play a larger role in people's lives.  So they redefined the role of government to have it involved in both economic and social aspects of people's lives.

On the local level, the main impact of progressives was on urban machines.  By instituting such things as secret ballots and non-partisan elections, the progressives broke up many urban political machines.

On the state level, they pushed for the initiative, referendum and recall.

On the national level, they got such important things passed as constitutional amendments that allowed for an income tax and for the direct election of US senators.

What is a good thesis statement for the use of symbolism and motifs in relation to the American Dream in The Great Gatsby?I need to write an essay...

Fitzgerald connects symbolism and motif to the idea of the American Dream by using them to demonstrate what he saw as the perversion and loss of the true American Dream. Originally the American Dream was centered on the ideological: discovery of self and opportunity; individualism instead of recognition by rigid class definition; the "pursuit of happiness" as proclaimed in the Declaration of Independence. Fitzgerald uses symbols and motifs to tie decadence, decay, immorality and greed to the aspirations of Americans like Daisy, Tom, Baker and Gatsby, whom Daisy's greed has corrupted to the point of pursuing criminal activity that he might attain the things that will attract her and lure her to him.

A thesis for this might be something like: "Fitzgerald uses symbols and motifs such as The Valley of Ashes and weather to show that America had materialized its original Dream of high ideals such as individualism and happiness."

In Frankenstein, what are Clerval's plans for his career?

Victor's best friend Henry wants to learn languages of the "Orient" (Persian, Arabic, and Sanscrit) most likely to travel there and be involved in trade of some kind.  His occupational choice is quite realistic for the time setting and for Shelley's earlier description of Henry's father being a practical person. During the late 1700s, colonial expansion was flourishing, and Europeans were traveling far and wide for investment and trading purposes.

Victor mentions in Chapter 6 that Henry

"turned his eyes toward the East, as affording scope for his spirit of enterprise" (55).

In this description of Henry's pursuits, Shelley once again demonstrates Henry's Romantic tendencies versus Victor's scientific pursuits.

What can the reader infer from the two Indian-head pennies?Chapter 4

The children have no idea where their treasures come from.  They find them in the tree and take them, assuming that the treasures are left there for them but with no real proof of this.  However, the gift of two pennies does provide that proof for the reader.  Whomever is leaving the items must be clearly targeting the Finch children - the two Finch children, as well as the only two children on the street.  This lets readers know that the gift-giver has some knowledge of the children, as if he is watching them and providing things he knows they will enjoy.

What kind of symbol is the red hunting hat?

Holden Caulfield has just returned from a fencing meet in New York City, which was a disaster. Holden, the fencing team manager has left all the equipment on the subway and the team never make it to the tournament. We also learn that Holden has been kicked out of Pencey for failing in four subjects.

This is the third private school Holden has attended. Pencey is, according to Holden, full of phonies.

Holden buys a red hunting hat in New York for a dollar after he loses the school’s fencing equipment. The hat has a very long peak, and Holden wears it backwards, with the peak turned to the back. He puts this hat on when he is under a lot of stress, almost as if the hat can protect him and ends up giving it to his sister Phoebe near the end of the story.

It is also worth noting that "red" signifies danger. Holden's mind is in a perilous state, he is on the verge of a breakdown. The colour of the hat flags this for us. Similarly, the hunting theme associated with it contain elements of danger, Holden feels that there is something from which he must escape, just as if something were hunting him.

In book 6 from The Odyssey, does Nausicaa believe her parents will help Odysseus? Why or why not?

Yes, Nausicaa believes her parents will help Odysseus. There are several reasons for this.

 First and most generally, the Greeks believed in the obligation of the host to the guest. This was called "xenia," and they took it very seriously. Odysseus is a guest.

Second, Odysseus is very wily. Even in their short encounter, he may have shown himself charming.

Third, Athena makes him appear like a god. These people were very status conscious.

Fourth, and perhaps more hypothetical, she's of a marrying age, and he's a godlike male. Perhaps she'd charm Daddy?

What are the possible reasons as to why Emily killed Homer Barron in "A Rose for Emily"?

Concerning Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily," a consensus exists among critics, teachers, etc., about Emily's motivation for killing Homer.  Emily is obsessed with holding on to the past and avoiding change.  She was raised in the ante-bellum South, was part of a prominent family living in a prominent house, and was important and central to the town and local economy.  All that is past.  She is a type or symbol of and for what the South endured following the Civil War.  As such, she refuses to let go of anything and everything.  She won't even let a mailbox be placed on her house.

In short, Emily knows Homer is not the settling-down kind of guy, and she kills him so that she can be with him forever.  She refuses to let go.

In Chapter 3 of Siddhartha, why does Govinda choose to join Buddha, and why won't Siddhartha join him?

Govinda and Siddhartha both seem impressed with the Buddha when they meet him. He radiates serenity. He seems genuinely holy. Of all the renunciates they have met, he impresses them both the most. Even Siddhartha thinks that the Buddha is the most worthy teacher: he thinks that the Buddha is the only holy man he has met who is worth bowing before. And his teachings are succinct and compelling: they both think the Buddha presented a clear path to liberation. Govinda decides to enter on this path and take refuge with the Buddha, but Siddhartha does not. It may be that the reason boils down to Govinda being impressed, and willing to follow another. Siddhartha is impressed too, but has too much pride to follow another's teachings.

What does Sanders say about the thumb in The Things They Carried?

The taking of the Vietnamese soldier’s thumb as a souvenir of war shows how war changes young men into uncivilized human beings. When Sanders is making the statement, “There it is”, he is talking about how this barbaric act shows what happens when you send young, innocent men off to war.  War changes young men, and they will come back changed and psychologically affected by the things they see and do.   Tim O’Brien often mentions throughout the novel that “they are, after all, only kids”, and suggests to the reader that if you send kids to war, they will come back men who have done horrible things.  This is also seen in the vignette, “How to Tell a True War Story” when Rat Kiley methodically kills a baby water buffalo by wounding it over and over again until it dies.  The water buffalo just stands there and takes it without making a move to escape. The water buffalo is like the soldiers who are psychologically wounded during their many experiences in the war. These wounds cause them to do unnatural, barbaric things.

The “there it is” moral that Sanders suggests exists by the taking of a souvenir of your enemy is that these atrocities are going to happen when men go to war.  The thumb is a symbol of those atrocities and show just how inhumane man can be in an inhumane war.  Sanders is simply pointing that out when he says, “There it is”.    “There it is” means look how far we have fallen, and look at what war causes us to do. 

In Chapter 5 of The Outsiders, what did Johnny admire about Dally?

In this chapter, Dallas Winston (Dally) comes up to the old church to see Johnny and Ponyboy.  He had told them to go up to the church to hide after the two of them killed the Soc (Bob) who had hurt Johnny so badly in the past.

Dally finds Johnny and Pony and wakes them up.  While Pony is reading the letter Dally brought, Dally smokes a cigarette that Pony gives him.  Dally curses the cigarette because it is the wrong brand.

When he does that, Johnny admires how well he can curse.

Why does Finny change his mind about enlisting in A Separate Peace?What obstacles does Finny have to overcome?

Because of his injury, Finny no longer can enlist; he is no longer physically capable of doing so, nor will he ever be. Although he acts nonchalant, this reality is a source of deep bewilderment to him. Finny has always been a leader, and under ordinary circumstances, would have been the first to join up and be a part of the war effort. He was hurt so badly falling from the tree, however, that the doctor proclaimed him lucky to even walk again. He is definitely unfit now for military duty.

When Finny first comes back to school, he is in a heavy cast, and must hobble about on crutches. He needs Gene to help him in almost everything, and surprisingly seems quite willing to accept this needed aid, despite his previous independence. although Finny obviously has many physical obstacles to overcome, the emotional problems he will have to reconcile are even more daunting.

It is unquestionably difficult for Finny, who has always been a star athlete, to accept the fact that he can no longer compete in sports, but it is even harder for him to be left out while his entire generation enthusiastically rises to do their part in defending their country. For the first time, Finny, who is always upbeat and in control, experiences a deep sense of bitterness, which, to Gene's and his own surprise, is expressed when he answers Gene's question as to why he shoud be so special with the angry statement, "Because I've suffered." Being left behind is more than even Finny can handle, and in order to make it less hurtful to himself, he denies the reality of the war, insisting that all the hoopla is a joke made up by "the fat old men" who run the countries, and that soon everyone will see the "truth," and things will go on like they were before (Chapter 8).

Why is power important in organisation?

In organizational context, the term power refers to the ability of individuals to influence the conduct or activities of others. People in an organization draw such power from many sources such as formal authority defined by organizational structure and policies, expert knowledge and skill, ability to control resources, and interpersonal skills.

Power is essential for smooth functioning of any organization. An organization usually consists of many people and the activities of these people need be channelled and coordinated in particular ways to achieve the organizational objectives. To do this most important is the power exercised by managers over their subordinates to direct and control their activities. However, members of organization also exercise power in some form or other over their peers and superiors also.

Power is important for organizations in another ways also. Power may be exercised by individual and groups of individual to achieve their personal objectives, in ways that may interfere with achievement of organizational objectives. Therefore it is important to understand the nature of such such power and regulate it. It is best if ways can be found to channelise such power to assist in achievement of organizational goal. When that is not possible, at least it must be kept in check to minimize negative impact on achievement of organizational objectives.

What does Charlie think of Dr. Nemur and Dr. Strauss on May 15 in Flowers for Algernon?Be specific.

On May 15, Charlie does not actually mention Dr. Nemur and Dr. Strauss specifically, but her does talk about other professors at the university, and it might be inferred that, if he thought about it, he would most likely feel the same way about Nemur and Strauss as he does about them. Charlie is revelling in his newfound mental capability, but his rapidly growing intelligence is not tempered with an equally rapid growth in sensitivity and understanding of others. Charlie has tried to discuss issues in economics, American literature, social studies, and psychology with various professors in those fields, and is dismayed and a little scornful to realize how narrow their knowledge is. For example, in trying to discourse on the "moral aspects of the military blockade as a weapon in times of peace" with an economics professor, Charlie is rebuffed when the professor finally must admit that, as the topic is "outside his area of specialization," he knows little about it. With a touch of arrogance, Charlie notes that he had been "foolish" to "ever have thought that professors were intellectual giants." He realizes that they are simply people, who are "afraid to reveal the narrowness of their knowledge."

The fact that Charlie's perception on Dr. Nemur and Dr. Strauss is changing as well is confirmed a couple of weeks later, in his writings on June 5. Charlie reports that his relationship to Nemur "is becoming increasingly strained." He resents the professor's "constant references to (Charlie) as a laboratory specimen," making him feel that "before the experiment (he) was not really a human being." Charlie also mentions that he is taking Dr. Strauss' advice to try "to speak and write simply and directly," as his burgeoning mental capacity is growing beyond the ability of those around him to the point that he can no longer be undertood. It is significant that Charlie now has his own opinions, and considers himself equal, or even, at times, far better than Dr. Nemur and Dr. Strauss intellectually. Instead of unquestioningly accepting everything they say and do, he now criticizes them and dismisses them in his mind when he does not agree with their views, as in the case of Dr. Nemur, or considers what they have to say and chooses whether or not to comply, as is the case with Dr. Strauss.

How has McMurphy given the men their manhood back? Explain the processHow does Nurse Ratched unman Billy? What is the result?

McMurphy has observed that the patients have been controlled for so long that they do not make any decisions for themselves.  The process of giving the men their manhood back does not happen overnight.  It is based on a series of events.  They observe McMurphy stand up to Nurse Ratched and that he is able to get under her skin enough that it is appealing to them. 

McMurphy basically teaches them that the world outside has great things to offer them versus the world inside.  He gets them on an illegal outing fishing and does things with them that they would not undertake for themselves.  Gradulaly, they begin to step out of their comfort zones. 

When McMurphy throws the party and sneaks women into the hospital as well as alcohol, Billy experiences a relationship for the first time.  He feels confident and manly. Nurse Ratched is aware of Billy's psychological discomfort and trauma in relation to his interaction with his mother.  She brings up that she will share the details of his misbehavior with his mother and that it will be upsetting for her.  Billy kills himself as a result.

What are different ways in which Shakespeare tries to please his audiences,both the aristocrats and commoners in A Midsummer Night's...

Shakespeare wrote his plays with both the upper classes and the lower--the "groundlings"--in mind.  In his play A Midsummer Night's Dream, both audiences would certainly enjoy the antics of Puck and the other fairies.  Of course, the poetic language and the higher thought of the play appealed more to the upper classes who were educated.

One example that serves to explain how Shakespeare appealed to both audiences occurs in the second act after Oberon has set in motion his plan for revenge on his wife, Titiana, Puck mismanages his instructions and "alienates" the wrong choice of husband for Hermia, so that he, Lysander, is now in love with Helena. Lysander tells Helena,

Not Hermia but Helena I love:/Who will not change a raven for a dove?/The will of man is by reason sway'd/And reason says you are the worthier maid./Things growing are not ripe until their season:/So I, being young, till now ripe not to reason;/And touching now the point of human skill,/Reason becomes the marshal to my will,/And leads me to your eyes; where I o'erlook/Love's stories, written in lover's richest book. (II,ii,114-124)

In this passage, the groundlings would enjoy the misadventures of Puck and the resulting action, as would the aristocrats.  In additon, though, the upper classes would enjoy the beauty of the metaphors and rhythm and rhyme of the passage as well as the irony of the observation of Lysander that "Reason becomes the marshal to my will."  The eye imagery, also, would not go unnoticed by the more educated audience.

In other words, the groundlings enjoyed the action of the play, the humorous situations such as the play that the --put on, and, of course, the hilarity of Bottom's having the head of an "ass," as well as some of the poetry of the play and the themes, but the upper classes would delight much more in the subtleties of the language and the immense expansion of Shakespeare's poetic imagination, as well as the motifs, such as the preoccupation with the significance of dreams and reality, that Shakespeare used.

Modern audiences of all kinds and ages are yet able to enjoy this delightful play.  (In one performance that was given Puck ran through the audience, sitting beside children to their delight.)  The physical actions of this play is most enjoyable to them as they see Bottom and the fairies and observe the chasing of Helen after Demetrius.  Adult audiences, who enjoy the humor of the play as well, also understand the sexual implications of this play and the beauty of the language; thus, they delight in it, as well.

How does Montag coerce Faber into becoming his teacher?

He does this by threatening to tear up a book that Faber really wants to see.  Specifically, the book is The Bible.

In the story, Montag wants to get Faber to be a mentor to him -- to help him rebel against the society.  Faber does not really want to.  He has sort of given up on society and any hope of changing it.

But Montag has brought a Bible with him.  Previously, Faber has told him that there are none left.  Now, he asks Faber if he would like to own the Bible.  Faber says he'd give his right arm.  But when Faber says he won't help, Montag rips the first page out of the Bible.  After that, Faber agrees to help.

Here's the passage:

"The book. Don't tear it any more." Faber sank into a chair, his face very white, his mouth trembling. "Don't make me feel any more tired. What do you want?"

"I did complete my ssc in 2001" Is this sentence correct or not ?

In American English, at least, this sentence is not likely to be correct.  It can only be correct in very limited cases.

One case would be if someone said that you did not complete your ssc in 2001.  In that case, you can use this sentence because you would be emphasizing that you did, indeed, complete it.

Another would be if you are going to then give a sentence with a contrasting message.  "I did complete my ssc in 2001, but then I ..."

If you are just stating this as a fact, however, this is not a correct sentence.  Instead, you should say "I completed my ssc in 2001."

What is the overall theme and message of The Da Vinci Code?

I think the theme will vary in the eyes of the reader. Many people saw this as an anti-Christianity story because it made attacks on the church. However, religion and church are two different things. What decisisions some people may make, good or bad, should not be reflective of all members of the church. According to the story, there were only a few involved in this corruption and those few did believe they were doing the right thing.

The idea of codes and was very interesting because it showed what facts and revelations are right under our noses that we do not even know to look for them or how to understand them. It is as though we have the power to find all the answers but we are not yet ready to do so. 

I think the strongest aspect is faith. Every main character has a strong faith in this story and each feels he is in the right.

In the Cask of Amontillado, what part did betrayal and deception play in Fortunato's demise in regards to friendship?

While I agree that Montresor is unreliable and betrays Fortunato, there is one moment that suggests some betrayal of Fortunato towards Montresor:

I broke and reached him a flagon of De Grâve. He emptied it at a breath. His eyes flashed with a fierce light. He laughed and threw the bottle upwards with a gesticulation I did not understand.

I looked at him in surprise. He repeated the movement - a grotesque one.

"You do not comprehend ?" he said.

"Not I," I replied.

"Then you are not of the brotherhood."

"How ?"

"You are not of the masons."

"Yes, yes," I said, "yes, yes."

"You ? Impossible ! A mason ?"

"A mason," I replied.

"A sign," he said.

What happens here is that Fortunato has made a sign associated with the Brotherhood of Masons, an society of men going back many centuries.  Fortunato realizes that Montresor has not recognized the sign and thus questions him about it.  Montresor says he is a mason, but he is obviously lying.  Fortunato's reply, however, reveals some betrayal of his true feelings towards his "friend".  He clearly feels superior to Montresor by saying "You?  A mason?  Impossible?"  So why treating Montresor as a friend, he betrays this friendship by assuming he himself (Fortunato) is more superior.

What are the major Gestalt Laws of Perception?its regarding Psychology.... I need its complete answer as soon as possible....

The previously posted answer by Giorgiana appears to confuse between perception in general and the gestalt principles of perception.

The gestalt principles of perception pertain to the fact that we perceive things mentally not exactly as they exist as unrelated collection of elements forming the reality. Rather we tend to perceive the different elements organised in a whole form. As a matter of fact the German word gestalt means form, shape or pattern. This aspect of perception has been covered in the previous answer under the heading of "perceptual integration law".

Gestalt laws of perceptions describe the various mechanism that contribute to formation of gestalt perception. The more important ones of these laws are described below.

Law of similarity: Mind groups similar elements in collective entities or totality.

Law of proximity: Spatial or temporal proximity of elements can make them seen as a collective group.

Law of symmetry:Symmetrical figures are perceived inspite of distance.

Law of continuity: Mind perceive visual, auditory or kinetic patterns to continue beyond what is objective reality.

Law of common fate: Elements moving in the same direction are perceived as belonging to the same group

Law of closure: People tend to see patterns that are incomplete as complete. For example a fragmented circle with made not of one but multiple disjointed lies is seen as a circle inspite of the gaps that exist.

Law of figure ground perception: People tend to see any kind of pattern as figures against a background. For examples letter in a book or figures drawn on a wall.

Can anyone give me advice on how to understand what Gordon and Rorie in "The Merry Men" by Stevenson say?

All you need to do is read Rorie and Uncle Gordon with a Scottish brogue! Which, of course, is much harder than it sounds--or as hard as it sounds. Stevenson was noted for his great facility with writing in the sounds of a Scottish dialect. After a while, once you break the code and have a good dictionary on hand--which for the task of decoding Rorie and Gordon would be the on-line The Free Dictionary by Farlex for it has many dialectical Scottish words like "claver" and "skreigh"--you will pick up their brogue or at least be able to decipher it.

Let's get an overview of their dialect using Rorie first because he says least! Rorie is, of course, Uncle Gordon's aged serving man, so one might expect his dialectical speech to be simple, unembellished, restrained. And that it 'tis, that it 'tis. Rorie's first remark is, "It will be hard to cheesel." A glance at The Free Dictionary on-line shows that this is not a Scottish word, or not one listed.

If we start from the first conjecture, that it's not a Scottish word, we draw the conclusion that it is an English word written phonetically by Stevenson according to dialectical pronunciation. So what in English sounds like cheesle? The word chisel sounds about like it. Does chisel make sense in context? (1) They are talking about the new foreign wood that the boat was repaired with. (2) Rorie answers reluctantly. (3) Wood has to be chiseled. So yes, a phonetic spelling of chisel does make sense in context. Rorie is preoccupied and not conversant, so instead of entering the conversation he responds with a negative comment about the wood being hard to work with. Decoding Rule No. 1: consider phonetic spellings of English words.

Let's look at Uncle Gordon now since he says the most. We'll use these random quotes:

**But, man! the dunt that she cam doon wi’ when she struck!  Lord save us a’! but it’s an unco life to be a sailor—a cauld, wanchancy life.
**there’s nane that’s like the sea deils

Look at "cam doon." Here you have two more phonetic spellings: came and down. Look at "nane." Here is a representative of Decoding Rule No. 2. Scottish words like nane, gane and stane are the variable spellings of the English words none, gone and stone. Now look at dunt, unco, deils, wanchancy, claver and cauld. These you will find in The Free Dictionary. Dunt = thump. Unco = uncanny, surprisingly unusual. Deils = devils. Wanchancy = unlucky; dangerous and risky. Claver = gossip or talk idly. Cauld = cold. And there you have Decoding Rule No. 3: Check a dictionary that has Scottish dialect words in it.

Once you get accustomed to words like nae (no; not), sic (such) and cauld and nane, gane, stane, and once you get accustomed to recognizing phonetically spelled English words, you'll get along much more easily in between words that you'll have no choice but to look up: Who could possibly know that skreigh is a verb meaning to "utter a harsh abrupt scream" without looking it up in a dictionary except someone who speaks this particular Scottish dialect.

A final tip: When using the Mozilla Firefox browser (instead of Internet Explorer or another) an "add-on" for automatic dictionary search can be--well--added on [as of the time of this writing], and, since "The Merry Men" is available on-line through the Gutenburg Project, you can highlight any of Gordon's or Rorie's words, right click, choose dictionary search and immediately see what The Free Dictionary has as a definition. It is most convenient.

What exactly are lithospheric plates made off?I'm currently tryin to write an essay "what are lithospheric plates and how do they move?" I have...

Lithosphere includes the crust (continental or oceanic) and outside of the upper mantle.Average thickness of lithosphere is about 100 km.Lithosphere floats on the lower layer of earth called asthenosphera. Asthenosphera is a weak layer, in the viscous state. Due to convection movements within asthenosphera, solid lithosphere is fragmented into parts called tectonic plates that move independently one of another. These movements are called tectonic movements.

The outside of the lithosphere includes the crust of earth. Oceanic crust, called Sima has a thickness of 5-10 km and is composed mainly of basalt rocks.

Continental crust, called Sial, has a thickness of 20-70 km and is composed of rocks less dense than oceanic crust.

Upper mantle is composed of solid material, consistent. Mantle differs substantially from the crust by chemical composition, mechanical properties, types of rocks and seismic characteristics.

Crust is mainly a product of melting of mantle rocks. Due to melting, incompatible chemical elements are separate, less dense materials rising to the surface .

Rocks in the mantle have larger amounts of iron and magnesium,and less  silicon and aluminum than the crust.

In Lord of the Flies, what is the significance of the chapter title "Fire Mountain"? What does it foreshadow?

Fire is an important symbol throughout the book. Fire can be a good or a bad thing, depending on whether it is kept controlled. This is representative of the boys as well. In this chapter, Chapter 2, the boys try building their first rescue fire on top of the mountain. The fire gets out of control, and the system of order the boys started also breaks down, getting out of control just like the fire. The breakdown of organization parallels the introduction of the "beast", introducing fear into the minds of the boys. This is the beginning of chaos on the island. The fire becomes a symbol of the power of brute force. Uncontrolled, the result is destruction.  The end of the chapter ends grimly since one of the small boys is presumed to have died in the fire. The boys learn that fire is power; used unwisely, it can only lead to death and destruction.

How do I solve this word problem?all items at a clothing store have been reduced by 15%.if stephanie purchased a shirt at the reduced pice of...

If all of the items have been reduced by 15%, then they are all 85% of their regular price.  So that means we know that $84.15 is 85% of the regular price of that shirt.

We can express 85% as the fraction 85/100.  And we can says that this fraction is equal to 84.15/x.  That is because 84.15 is to x as 85 is to 100.

So we have set up the following equation:

84.15/x = 85/100

The way to solve this kind of equation is to cross multiply.  This gives us

8415 = 85x

Then we divide both sides by 85 and we get

x = 99

So her shirt's original price was $99.

What are 4 major events in Othello?

When first reading Othello, I found it unbelievable to be honest.  Why would Othello be taken in so easily by Iago?  But you need to put it in the proper context because without it, it doesn't make any sense.  Othello is insecure as a Black man living in Venice and married to a White woman.  He's self conscious of that, despite the fact that he is highly regarded in the military.  He trusts Iago as one of his closest friends and believes he has his best interests at heart, though Iago does not as he's terribly jealous of Othello.  This happens every day, even in modern contexts; that's what the show Jerry Springer is all about.  I also highly recommend watching a stage or movie production of this play as it makes it much more believable.

I say all of this because the initial major events in and of themselves don't seem that major unless you take those factors into consideration.

1. Desdemona drops the handkerchief she is given by Othello accidentally.  It was an important present between the two of them.  Iago has Emilia steal it and he tells Iago that she gave it to Cassio.

2. Iago has Cassio talk about his lover, Bianca without mentioning her name in front of Othello.  Iago continues to goad Othello, convincing him more and more that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio (a White man from Venice).

3. Othello begins abusing Desdemona in front of her family.  She is bewildered by this and denies the affair until Othello smothers her to death in a jealous rage.

4. When Othello finds that Desdemona never lied to him, he commits suicide.

What happens when Reverend Hale states that Abigail has always seemed false to him?

Not only is Hale dismissed by Danforth, but at that moment the girls go full fledged into their hysteria witchcraft act, accusing Proctor.  Abigail begins the hysteria with a weird scream and the other girls join in.  I believe that Abigail was threatened by Hale's remark and wanted to divert attention from him.  Furthermore, since she now perceives that her plan to gain Proctor by accusing his wife was not going to work, she wants to gain revenge by accusing him.  By the time Hale is able to get another word in, the moment is lost.  Any chance he had of being heard by Danforth was over once the girls started their act.

In V for Vendetta, what are some major themes issued?

"People should not be afraid of their government; the government should be afraid of their people." -V

In V for Vendetta, there is betrayal, treason, and a passion for what is right. V is taking on his own violent vendetta.  In an unusual way, V tells his story to a woman (Evey). "The only verdict is vengeance.. violence can be used for good." He wants to change the way people see their government, and and put a stop to all the wrongs.

In a way he ends up doing this but in a negative way. Evey understands him and understands why he does what he does. Together they possess a lot of passion.

In "The Poisonwood Bible," what is the connection between Leah Price and her resentment towards the Bible?

Leah's resentment of the Bible is a complicated matter and is based on many factors.  Overall, the most powerful cause of her resentment of the Bible is that her father's faith leads him to make decisions that cause major negative impacts in her family members' lives and forces her to recognize the flaws in her father, whom she has previously idolized. 

Because Leah is a true "Daddy's girl", and sees him as a heroic figure, the realization that his decisions and views are not those that will best serve to protect his own family, including her, she becomes resentful toward that which causes him to form those decisions and views:  the Bible.  Leah's father's failure to act as protector of his family after bringing them into a challenging, and often dangerous, environment based on his spiritual calling is the downfall of his family.  When Leah recognizes that her father does not have much, if any, desire to minister to his family's needs, she realizes that his faith is what is burdening and harming her family.

In Ethan Frome, would you say Ethan Frome is a victim of circumstance? Yes or no, and why?

I believe that it is a combination of the two.  He definitely had some odds stacked against him that determined the quality of his life as he lived it.  However, everyone is given free agency, and the ability to make choices to either better or worsen their lives.  Ethan's fatal flaw was his feeling of obligation and duty to his family members--that is what kept him from making the choice to leave them behind, and live his life in his own way, forging his own happiness.

Circumstances gave him sickly parents, which brought him home from his studies.  He was a victim of that--what only son wouldn't come home to care for his parents?  That did determine his life for a while.  And, it even brough him Zenobia, and marriage in that way.  However, after his marriage, he was not a "victim" to the farm and its duties.  He could have sold the farm, and moved somewhere else that would have brought him more success.  Zenobia didn't get sick immediately, and if he had been more proactive in pursuing his dreams, she could have gone with him back to school, and he could have sold the property.  After Zeena gets sick, he does become more of a victim to the circumstances--what good husband wouldn't do what they could to help their wife?  However, he could have still at least sold the property and moved somewhere that would have afforded them a happier situation.

When Maddie enters the scene, he makes the choice, in small ways every day, to let her into his heart.  He was not a victim of circumstance there; he knowingly and willingly chose his feelings for her, or at least chose to let the feelings remain and grow.  He chose to be with her, to let her know his feelings, and to make plans with her.  And in the end, he chose to take that fateful trip down the hill.  All of these things were within the realm of his control, and could have been avoided.  The consequences could prompt one to say "Poor Ethan!" and declare him a victim, but the thing is, he himself made the choices that led to his situation.  So, in some instances, he was a victim of circumstances, but in others, he chose his fate.  I hope that helped; good luck!

Can anyone tell me the meaning or the summary for the poem "Change" by Sara Teasdale?

In Sara Teasdale's "Change," there exists an ambiguity as to whether the speaker has literally aged, or her heart and spirit have lost the innocence and "joie de vivre" that they had heretofore.  For, there seems to be a suggestion that the speaker has suffered some tragedy in life, some disappointment, or some realization of the truth of life:

Turn from me now, but alway hear

The muted laughter in the dew

Of that one year of youth we had,

The only youth we ever knew--

Turn from me now, or you will see

What other years have done to me.

The line "Of that one year of youth we had" connotes that the speaker and her lover have had only a brief time of romantic bliss in which she had the

eyes that love had made as bright

As the trembling stars of the summer night

After this one year, realities of economic struggle, loss, or some other hardship have mitigated the estactic love of the speaker.  Because she still loves the person she addresses, she asks him to turn from her now, desiring that he remember only the one year of love that was untarnished.  This theme of longing is characteristic of Sara Teasdale.

Do you think "The Speckled Band" is a perfect murder mystery? What do you think are the discrepencies in the story line?Murder mystery by Sir...

You might personally consider this a perfect murder mystery, but it is not a perfect murder since the villian didn't get away with his crime. Even if the doctor was never tried and convicted, there is indeed poetic justice in the fact that he died from the snakebite intended for another. Plus, his villainy becomes known to the public, which of course means that his already doubtful reputation "dies," too.

The odd parts that don't quite fit in the story line are perhaps not out of place in that they add depth and character to a story line which would otherwise be banal. The doctor's familiarity with the band of gypsies, for example, sends the reading off on a red herring (false supposition of who the culprit is), thus adding to the effect of surprise at the end of the story. His strange menagerie of exotic jungle animals, however, gives the reader some clues to unravel the mystery before the end. Thus the reader is taken up in a sort of guessing game, playing along with Holmes, and is either surprised at the end or gratified to have guessed right.

One thing I found rather trite was that the doctor was stupid enough to try the same trick twice - that is, sending the poisonous snake through the ventilator to kill his daughters-in-law.  Surely a man of such ruse and intelligence could have thought up another way more subtle to achieve his goals.

Give example of interorganisational systems.Identify what they are likely to mean for the way people will work and manage in organisations adopting...

A system is broadly defined as an interrelated structure or collection of parts that function together to achieve a common goal. Thus a device like an oil lamp is a simple system in which a container with oil and a wick function together to produce light of the lamp. Systems can be of various sizes, such as a machinery, human body, an organization, an economy, or the complete universe.

Inter-organizational system (IOS) refers to the system containing multiple organizations operating in related field. For example, we can think of an IOS consisting of a manufacturing company along with its suppliers and distribution channel partners.

There is no hard and fast rules regarding different organizations that are constituent members of an IOS.The concept of system is an intellectual device to understand, analyse, design and manage different activities, functions, organizations and equipments. The way the scope and constituent parts of any system including IOS is determined is based very much on the purpose for which the systems concept is used. In this way an organization may form a constituent part of many different IOS. For example the manufacturing company referred in above paragraph may also be part of another IOS consisting of all the companies manufacturing the same product, or of all the companies having manufacturing plant in a particular geographic location.

It is not as if individuals work or do not work within an IOS. Ever person working in an organization is a part of that organizational system. And that organization it self is a part of one or more inter-organizational system. Thus almost every employed person is a member of many IOS. However, some people may work in organization that use the systems concept for managing its activities and therefor has identified and analyse the IOS systems of which it is a part. In such organization the functions and activities of employees are likely to be more influenced by considerations of the interrelationships between the organizations within the IOS.

What happens in the boy in the striped pajamas from chapters 1-8?a 6 sentence summary is needed

In the beginning of the book Bruno, a small boy, learns that his family is going to be moving. The family moves to the countryside because of his father's position in the military.  Bruno, his father, his mother, and his sister Gretel.  Bruno sees the men in what he believes are pajamas. Bruno gets a swing made from an old tire.  Bruno injures himself and a Jewish man who was a doctor helps him into the kitchen.  He does not know the man is from the concentration camp.  Bruno's grandparents come to visit.  His grandmother gets upset ad tells her son, Bruno's father, that it makes her sick to see him wearing his uniform and serving the people dinner who visit them.  Bruno finally gets free of the walls that have held him in the yard of his new home.  He goes to the Out-With, a place where the men in pajamas  live.

In As You Like It what are advantages and disadvantages of country and court life according to Touchstone's and Corin's debate?Act 3, Scene 2

In As You Like It, Act 3, Scene 2, Touchstone touches on some advantages to country life then turns them to disadvantages according to his taste. He describes the advantages of the pastoral rustic country life as being solitude, pleasant fields, a life without fancy foods ("spare").

He then turns these to disadvantages according to his personal taste. He says disadvantages are that the privacy, without social gatherings and multitudes of companions all around, is "vile"; the fields are "tedious" having no entertainments as those at court; the "spare" life without plentiful abundance of food goes "against" his stomach. He also says the manners of the pastoral life are wicked enough for damnation.

Corin, the old shepherd, corrects Touchstone regarding manners explaining quite convincingly that cleanliness is more important in the country pastoral life than fancy attentions. Corin says advantages of country life are that he "owes no man hate," meaning he has no enemies nor knows any villains; "he envies no man's happiness," meaning his success isn't bound up in someone else's failure; "glad of other men's good," meaning he can rejoice when others receive good things because he doesn't covet (wrongly desire) others' benefits; "content with my harm," meaning willing to take his difficulties as they come; and that he is not proud because his greatest pride is not in himself but in the happiness of his sheep.

Explain the criteria that are used to evaluate the credit worthiness of individual.

Many factors are taken into account to determine one's economic state of credit.  The previous post alluded to a few.  One such indicator would be the prior economic history of the applicant.  Examining loan status reports, if there is a history of delinquent payments, past economic activity are all factors that credit officers take into account.  Additionally, occupational factors are included.  For example, a person's current income and what the future growth of that income might be is examined.  The tenure of the individual in that job and the stability of it would also be examined.  This would help to secure a better understanding if a person would be able to endure taking a loan and being able to pay it off in due time.  These factors exert considerable influence in establishing an individual's economic form of credit.

Why have white people lavished help upon Trueblood since his disgrace, when they ignored him before his crime?

In Invisible Man, Chapter Two follows the narrator's journey as he drives one of the college's white benefactors, Mr. Norton, to visit the seemingly shameful symbol of black culture in the deep South: the old slave quarters, namely Trueblood's cabin.

Jim Trueblood is the poor sharecropper who tells Mr. Norton a story of how he became the father of both his wife and his daughter's children.  The story obviously has mythological and psychoanalytic overtures, as it is a modern retelling of the Oedipus story and a case study in Freud's Oedipus Complex.  Oedipus also married his mother an had four children with her, which were also his siblings, much like Trueblood's incestuous dreams here.

Mr. Norton is living vicariously through the Trueblood story.  He is paying for a salacious story, a kind of prostitution.  Moreover, Mr. Norton is being tricked here by a master storyteller.  Ellison makes it clear that whites have come to Trueblood several times to hear the story, each time paying him afterwards.  Are they paying him as a storyteller, or are they paying him because of some repressed sexual or racial guilt?

Trueblood is not only a master storyteller, the same way Sophocles was in his rendition of the Oedipus story, but he is also a kind of con man; he dupes all these white people out of money.  It is doubtful that the story is true, but Trueblood plays upon white guilt by exposing the seemingly believable and shameful realities of what slavery has done.

Elizabeth in "Marigolds" says that destroying the marigolds was her last act of childhood. Why is this so?

"Marigolds" by Eugenia W. Collier is a poignant coming-of-age tale which features the sudden epiphany of the narrator, Elizabeth, when she destroys the marigolds of their somewhat ferocious neighbour Miss Lottie.

The crucial moment for the story is when Elizabeth, acting in a fit of anger having heard about her father's lost job and his desperation, goes and annihiliates the marigolds of Miss Lottie, who proudly and carefully grew them. When she has finished, she is surprised to see Miss Lottie there, watching her:

And there was no rage in the face now, now that the garden was destroyed and there was nothing any longer to be protected.

Seeing Miss Lottie after committing this "violent, crazy act" enables her to "gaze upon a kind of reality which is hidden to childhood." She realises the true significance of the marigolds - "beauty in the midst of ugliness" - and loses her innocence:

Innocence involves an unseeing acceptance of things at face value, an ignorance of the area below the surface. In that humiliating moment I looked beyond myself and into the depths of another person. This was the beginning of compassion, and one cannot have both compassion and innocence.

This act of wanton destruction therefore and the narrator's confrontation with Miss Lottie catapults her into being a woman and no longer a child.

What is the moral lesson of the story, "The Lottery"?

One key theme of "The Lottery" is the danger of tradition and blindly following along. The characters in the story simply follow the tradition of the lottery because that is all they have ever done. They don't quite recall how the lottery started. They don't recall all of the original ceremonies. They just perform it as best they can because it has always been done.

An important character to note here is Old Man Warner. He proudly declares that he has survived 77 lotteries. When some of the younger village members bring up the idea that some other places have given up their traditions regarding lotteries, Warner states: "There's always been a lottery." Clearly just because people have always done something justifies its existence in Warner's eyes.

Certainly the villagers must believe murder and violence are wrong, for the village seems a nice, safe place. The villagers seem rational and peaceful enough too. Yet when Mrs. Hutchinson's 'wins' the lottery, the entire community doesn't hesitate to turn on her. No one - other than Hutchinson herself - seems to question what is happening, even-though one must assume that Hutchinson, as part of the community, has helped stone to death previous lottery winners.

See the links below - especially the last one - for more info.

What does the doctor say will happen to Johnny in The Outsiders?

I assume that you are talking about the first time that the doctor talks about Johnny.  This is the time where he is talking to Pony and his brothers, Soda and Darry, telling them about Dally and Pony.

At this point, the doctor says first of all that he does not know if Johnny is going to live.  He keeps talking about if Johnny lives.  He says that Johnny has broken his back.  He says that if Johnny does not die he will be crippled for the rest of his life because his back is broken.

How does Anne see her parents differently? how are her parents acting in the diary of anne frank while they are in hiding.

Before going into hiding, Anne viewed her parents as any adolescent does; those caregivers that provide the essential things I need to survive.  Perhaps Anne also considered the authority that her parents represented in her life as well.

Once they were in hiding, however, Anne sees her parents in their unguarded rawness.  They are simply human.  There are no bedroom doors to have private discussions behind, there is no workday to tout your sustaining effort on, and the mists of romantic relations are forever repressed by the lack of dignified privacy.  Anne glimpses moments of vulnerability in her mother and father - who have always been the protectors of her world before the Nazi's.  She struggles with the role her parents fulfilled outside of hiding, and what slim semblence of family is left to them in their precarious situation.

Putting it more plainly, Anne never truely thought of her parents as "human" before.  She's seeing that this situation they are in isn't at all like home.  She comments that her mother is always cross with her and that her father is forever more patient.  Some would say that she is simply a self-centered brat who can only think of herself; being drawn to the parent that treats her the "best" is natural for someone her age.  However, in other parts of the text, one can find examples of Anne's generosity and sharing that would show Anne's ability to think outside of her own needs and selfishness.

As Anne's diary grows in length, so does her understanding of her parents as individuals seperate of their relationships and roles. 

Should men or women have the right to sell sexual favor if they choose with penalty?i want to know the fact.

As for facts, the one fact that is valid is that (like the previous poster said) consensual is the key. If you decide to sell your body , and an agreement is made, you are free to do so. When things get dangerous is when such "agreement" comes with strings attached, or when they are made with the wrong individuals who would end the "agreement" with blackmail, a fight, death, or any of those situations you see reported in the news sometimes when games go wrong.

There is also something to consider: Taxes. Believe it or not. If I go around making over 100,000 selling my body having sex all around, and someone reports that I am making all this money under the table, I can easily go to jail because it would be like like running any other business without a license. If by any chance I happened to carry a VD and give it to anyone whom I served, I could be also accused just like many women in the 1980's were accused of manslaughter for giving HIV to men, even after knowing that they had it (using your body as a deadly weapon).

So, there are lots of complications from these kinds of deals. As soon as you had a humans into a crazy idea, it gets crazier.

What are the differences between Julia and Winston in their understanding of the “Party”?Part 2

Julia cares more about having fun and enjoying her life (her little trists with all her man-friends) than she cares about bringing down the Party.  If fact, Julia thinks Winston's ideas about rebellion and his faith in the Proles is a silly waste of time.

Winston is obssessed with the past (the paperweight,the old songs, books, pens, inventions) and the beauty of the way things were before the Party took over and subjected everyone to their overly controlling rules and laws.  The Proles, to Winston, are an excellent example of this.  They are free enough to sing and enjoy life beyond the stifling control of the Party--it is with these people who can love, sing, move around and speak with whomever they please that Winston puts his faith.  They are the ones who will rebel and overthrow the Party.

They both rebel in their own way, but they do not have the same ideas about how that should occur or what should happen once the Party no longer exists.

Why is the city of Florence considered so important during the Renaissance? How did so many Italian merchants make so much money?

The city of Florence during the Renaissance was under the control of  the very enlighted and rich family of Medici, who together with other high middle class families (among others Pitti, Strozzi  and Ruccellai) promoted a renewal of the city in particular promting art and culture. In particular figurative arts flourished both for the presence of patronage and great artists (such as Brunelleschi, Masaccio, Donatello at the beginning of Reinassance and Leonardo da Vinci, Michelngelo later).

Italian Merchants did so much money first of all because Itay had a very strategic geographical position in Europe, then the "Repubbliche Marinare" (sort of republican city-state based on sea trade) were an old institution that estabilished a lot of connection among Italians and merchants from all over the world.

(sorry for my English, but I'm not an anglophone speaker)

Discuss Jane Austen as a moralist.

It is always a temptation to deconstruct literature and in so doing, see it from our modern perspective. Over the years, critics and literary analysts have examined Austen's work for minute clues into her society, her morality, the divergence between her morality and her society's morality, and her psyche. In so doing, the notion has taken root of Jane Austen as a moralist. In her own mind, in her own day, in the minds of her own readers, and in the minds of the contemporary critics like Sir Walter Scott, Jane Austen was not a moralist.

From a contemporaneous viewpoint, Austen wrote novels about a very narrow range of society with a very narrow range of interests and life experiences (Emily Bronte criticized her and her work for just this failing, as Bronte saw it). The contemporaneous viewpoint valued Austen as one who could capture society and its characters with precise detail. She did not preach; she did not expose; she did not moralize. She told of life in her social sphere with exquisite detail.

She was not intentionally a moralist nor a moral philosopher. However, from our vantage point in time, it is possible to extract moral principles, moral issues, moral problems, and moral points of view from the stories as told through her humorous ironic voice that gently unwraps her characters to tenderly, yet ironically, expose their human foolishness and weakness.

So while Austen did not fancy herself as a moralist, and society did not read her as a moralist, her precise understanding of the society she lived in and the people she lived along with allowed her to develop a picture so sharp and clear that the moral issues of her day are revealed through the lens of analysis today. As Sir Walter Scott said, her was not the highest form of genius but it was certainly the rarest form. American Chief Justice John Marshall confirms this analysis by his remark concerning Jane Austen:

Her flights are not lofty, she does not soar on an eagle's wings, but she is pleasing, interesting, equable, yet amusing.

What were the achievements of India in 2009?foreign policies, progress in fields of science and technology...

AS compared to earlier years the year the last two years, that is 2008 and 2009, have not been very good for Indian economy. Like rest of the world India also faced a recession and economic downturn during these two years. However, the worst of recession perhaps got over somewhere in the beginning of 2009 and things began to look up after that. As per current estimates the economy in 2009 will end up with a positive growth rate of about 6 to 7 percent, which is much below the targets set earlier.

Major problem face in 2009 has been that of agricultural production and hefty increase in prices of food items. For many of the common food items including sugar the prices have doubled in last one years. Increase in prices of vegetables has been even steeper.

In the field of science and technology India has been making steady progress for last many decades, the performance being neither spectacular not all that bad. In 2009 there were no indication of any major changes in these areas, However, one notable development that has drawn worldwide attention is the ultra small car, with a price tag of $2000 to $2500 developed by Tata Motors of India.

India's foreign policy has also been quite consistent over last many year, however the signing of nuclear deal with USA is considered to be controversial.

Before closing, I would like to express my views on some of the points in previous post. First, the efforts to obtain cooperation of Pakistan to control terrorism are not new for India. Unfortunately, response of of Pakistan continued to be elusive in 2009, as it has been in the past. There has been no appreciable change in this respect. Also launch of Chandrayan - I, is just one more step taken by fairly successful Indian Space programme. It is definitely impressive, but it is not something that is very unusual for Indian Space Programme.

Why was the Kellogg-Briand Pact significant to WWI?

As "The War to End All Wars" or "The Great War" it's hard for us to understand today how profoundly World War I affected the people of Europe at the time.  It was such an unprecedented, total catastrophe that they were scared, shocked, and determined never to let it happen again.  They believed permanent peace was possible, which is what this pact was all about.

The problem is, renouncing peace as a foreign policy is great, and a nice idea...until you have to go to war, which is sometimes inevitable.