Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum, if either exists, for y = f(x) = x^4-8x^2+16, (A) [-2,1], (B) [0,2]

y = x^4-8x^2+16 = (x^2-4)^2

To find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum in [ A(-2,1) , B(0,2) ]

Solution:

We differentiate the function  and equate the function to zero. The solutions are the critical points. We also consider the end points.And evaluate for values of y within the given interval.

y' = 4x^3 + 16x .

y' = 0 gives 4x^3-16x = 0. Or x (4x^2 -16) = 0. Or x = 0. Or 4x^2 = 16. Or x^2 = 4. Or x = 2 or x = -2 the critical points.

But at the end points of [ A(-2,1) , B(0,2) ],  x = -2 and x = 0. So x = 2 is out side the interval and therefore is not of any consideration as far as the absolute  minimum is restricted to the given interval only.

So we find y values at the end points and the critical points obtained above.

So , y(-2) = (x-4)^2 = (4-4)^2 = 0

y(0) = (0-4)^2= 16,

y = 16 at x= 0,(an end point) is the absolute maximum at an

y = 0 at x =-2 , (also another end point) is the absolute minimum.

Why does Winston take the risk of hiring the room above the shop?

Winston decides to rent this room because he wants a place to stay where he will be out from under the eyes of the Party.  He thinks the room over the shop will give him such a place.

He also feels nostalgic about the room.  It reminds him of better times, times before things got to be the way they are now.  He felt that it was the sort of room in which you could actually be alone with your thoughts.

So Winston takes the room because it reminds him of the past -- of a time when a person could actually be alone.  This makes sense because what he is trying to do by rebelling is to go back to a time when people could think for themselves and be who they wanted to be.

What values can be learned from the story "Rain" by W. Somerset Maugham?

"Rain" teaches the value of tolerance. The characters who wish to transform the tropics into the strict, repressed society of the states. The Davidson's represent the judgemental attitudes from which they left They wrap themselves in their supposedly religious righteousness. They set out to ruin Sadie Thompson, who exhibits all the traits that they are against. Sadie attempts to enjoy the more relaxed attitude of the tropics. There seems to be a moral retribution in the ending of the story-Davidson's suicide. The many instances of intolerance is meant to illustrate the value tolerance.

In Lord of the Flies, what is the significance of the title "Beast from Water?"

In chapter 5, "Beast from Water," the fears of the boys are discussed openly in a meeting. Unfortunately, Ralph has called the meeting just at dusk, and by the time he opens up the discussion to the "beast" that some children have been talking about, the island has become dark. First, the older boys assure the littluns that there cannot possibly be a beast, that is, a creature, on the island. The hunters as well as Piggy and Ralph have explored pretty much the entire island, and they all assure the boys that a large threatening animal could not be living there.

However, just as the boys are reaching a place of assurance, little Percival, the most fearful of the children, states that "the beast comes out of the sea." This is a terrifying thought because it presents a distinct possibility. Maurice, an older boy, rises to speak and brings science to bear on the subject, insisting than all the ocean creatures have not yet been discovered. This emphasizes the vulnerability of the boys on the island; they are surrounded by a wide ocean and would have no way to protect themselves from such a threat. Simon rises to try to focus the discussion not on imaginary threats, but on what he alone has discerned is the true threat, stating about the beast, "maybe it's only us." That answer receives scorn, but it leads to another boy suggesting the possibility of ghosts, and in the eerie darkness, the boys begin to entertain that suggestion. The assembly breaks up, leading to Ralph questioning his own leadership.

The "beast from water" represents the boys' nameless fears. The next chapter, "Beast from Air," symbolizes a closer, more tangible, and greater threat, the threat of violence and war. Both of these are external representations of the true "beast," which, as Simon tried to suggest early on, is the moral darkness within the boys themselves.

What changes do the main characters of Whirligig go through?

A whirligig is something that has one or more pieces which spin around in the wind.  In this story, the main character builds whirligigs to repay a mother whose child has died in a car accident.

Mostly, Brent is the character who changes.  He begins the book as a self-centered boy who is desperately trying to fit in by having the right clothes, car, music, and enough money to spend.  After the car accident in which a girl dies, everything about him changes.

Brent takes a lot of trips--bus rides, meeting strangers, camping, making whirligigs--and he learns a lot with each one.  Through his learning about himself and his life, the reader has the opportunity to re-examine his/her own life and priorities as well.  The purpose of the trips is at the request of the girl's mother.  She has asked that he travel to the four corners of the USA to put up whirligigs which display her daughter's face.  After he has complete his mission, he returns home, changed forever.

Other characters are background characters that lend support to Brent and his amazing character metamorphosis.

What is a summary of Chapter 18 in To Sir With Love?

Gillian Blanchard's birthday is on November 18th, and to celebrate the occasion, she arranges to have dinner with Rick Braithwaite at a fancy restaurant in Chelsea. The two of them have great fun traveling by bus to a movie first, and then on the the restaurant. The host seats the couple, "with a questioning glance" at Rick; he is obviously non-plussed to see that Rick, a black man, is dating a white woman. The service is "exceptionally slow," particularly at their table, and when the waiter finally comes, he is discourteous and purposefully clumsy. Gillian reacts angrily, and asks Rick to take her home.

When the taxi he has hired arrives at Gillian's house, Rick is not sure if he is to go in with her, as she is obviously still furious. She curtly invites him in, however, and when he gives her the birthday gift he has brought, Gillian explodes in fury. Gillian is appalled at the treatment they received, and asks why Rick did not fight back. Rick responds that "it wouldn't help," at which point Gillian becomes hysterical.

Gillian had been aware of the fact of racial discrimination, but had never experienced it herself. When she finally calms down, Rick thinks that their relationship cannot help but end here, but Gillian wants to talk about what has happened. Rick explains to her about his experiences as a black man in England after the second world war, telling her,

"At first it was terrible, but gradually I'm learning what it means to live with dignity inside my black skin."

The couple decide to continue their relationship, even though they will be subject to discrimination and abuse. Gillian admits that she is "not brave, really," but says that she is willing to try because of her love for Rick (Chapter 18).

In The Witch of Blackbird Pond, why was Nat put in the stocks?

Nat is put in the stocks because he violates the strict standards of behavior by being rowdy (in itself “illegal”); by playing with the pagan jack-o-lanterns, which to the Puritans signified evil; and lastly by insulting an important person in town, William Ashby.  He does this because he is offended by what seems to be Kit’s plans to marry William, but there are important dramatic purposes to “why Nat is put in the stocks.”  It offers another indication of the harshness of the Puritan community; it foreshadows Kit’s predicament later when she is accused of witchcraft; it links Nat with Kit, showing them to be “soul-mates” in their rebellious and playful spirits;  and it shows the kindness and courage of Kit, who dares approach him, again risking the disapproval of the community in doing so.

Please compare Tom from The Glass Menagerie and Nora from A Doll's House in terms of their struggles and choices.

This unlikely pair actually do share several similarities in their domestic situations and in the choices they make. Both Tom and Nora are developed as intelligent, sensitive individuals who are trapped in unbearable circumstances. Tom's dreams and desires are thwarted as he works in an intolerable dead-end warehouse job to support his impoverished and helpless mother and sister. Because of the financial desperation of the Great Depression and Tom's sense of responsibility for his family, he is not free to claim his own life.

Like Tom, Nora is also trapped by circumstances. She has no power or equality in her marriage or in her society. She is also ensnared by a financial obligation, the secret bank loan she had obtained in desperation by forging her father's signature. Nora cannot claim her life or live authentically so long as she remains in her marriage.

Ultimately, both Tom and Nora leave their families. Tom abandons Amanda and Laura to travel the world and pursue his dreams. Nora leaves her husband and, most painfully, her children in order to live as the woman she really is--strong and capable.

Tom and Nora both pay an enormous price for their freedom. In "The Glass Menagerie," we know that although Tom leaves, he is never really free; he is haunted by the memory of his sister. As for Nora, her story ends as she walks away from her stifling marriage. We can only surmise what her life will become.

What is Benvolio's advice to Romeo?

I think you are referring to Benvolio and Romeo's discussion about Rosaline. Romeo shares that he is in love with a woman who doesn't want to love him back, her excuse is that she plans to live chaste. This occurs in Act I, scene i.

Benvolio suggests first that he forget Rosaline. The he suggests that Romeo check out other women.

Here's specifically what he said:

By giving liberty unto thine eyes;
Examine other beauties.

They take advantage of this opportunity in Act I, scene v by going to a party at the Capulet's house.

Throughout the book Grapes of Wrath, what are the strongest and some specific examples of the "strength of family"? the best examples about the...

Ma Joad continually expresses the idea that there is strength in family.  One clear example of this is in Chapter 16 when Tom suggests that he and Jim Casy stay behind to get the truck fixed while the others go on.  Ma steadfastly refuses to go with out Tom.  She says that the family is all that they have left in the world and she doesn't want to break it up.  Another example is in Chapter 18 when Ma reveals that Granma had died before the group crossed the desert, but rather than reveal that and jeopardize the family's chances of making it across the desert to their destination in California, she lied at the border station and held Granma's body all night long.  Many times Ma tells Tom that it is important that the family stay together each time expressing the idea that they only have each other.

Tom expresses his realization of the need for the family to work together, too, when he curbs his anger so that he won't get in trouble and be sent away.  This happens in the first squatter's camp in Chapter 20 and again later, before entering the Hooper farm to pick peaches in Chapter 26.  Later, in that same chapter, Tom has to be hidden because of the incriminating injury to his face.  Ma again expresses the attitude that as long as the family is together, they can face any problem.

What are the major factors supporting and encouraging the concept of globalisationthe concept of globalisation, and whether it is a theory,...

Globalization refers, most frequently, to the phenomenon of growing interconnectedness of economic activities of different countries and regions of the world. However, this phenomenon is also occurring in other fields such as cultural and ideological influences. Globalization has, in this way, resulted in increasing involvement of multiple countries in design, procurement, manufacturing, selling, and use of products and services. These globalized operations has included economic activities such as ownership, financing, and management of capital resources. In the cultural and ideological field globalization has been manifest in greater exchange of cultural practices and ideas between different culture. This has resulted in movement towards development of cultures around the globe which are increasingly similar to each other.

As discussed above globalization is a phenomenon. The pace of change underlying this phenomenon has become quite fast in recent years. Yet it is not rapid enough to qualify globalization as a revolution. People may study globalization as a concept and develop theories regarding its various aspects. Individual companies may also have their own agenda and ideology regarding the extent to which they want to globalize, and how they want to go about it. But it would not be correct to classify globalization itself as things like a theory, ideology, revolution or an agenda.

Globalization as witnessed by us today is the result of a process that has developed over many thousands of years. With the development of practice of division of labour and of improved technology, the quantity of goods and services provided by a single production or business unit kept on increasing over many thousands of years, making it necessary to sell goods and services over much larger geographical areas. Similarly, it became necessary to source raw material and other resources required for production also from increasingly wider area. Industrial revolution and use of electric power quickened this pace of expansion of geographic sphere of economic activities. Technological developments in transportation and communication technology also made significant contribution to globalization by facilitating better communication and interaction between people of different regions and making transportation of goods cheaper and faster.

I need the plot of "Tamburlaine The Great" by Christopher Marlowe?Themes and Characters

The play opens in Persepolis. The Persian emperor, Mycetes, dispatches troops to dispose of Tamburlaine, a Scythian shepherd and at that point a nomadic bandit. In the same scene, Mycetes' brother Cosroe plots to overthrow Mycetes and assume the throne.

The scene shifts to Scythia, where Tamburlaine is shown wooing, capturing, and winning Zenocrate, the daughter of the Egyptian king. Confronted by Mycetes' soldiers, he persuades first the soldiers and then Cosroe to join him in a fight against Mycetes. Although he promises Cosroe the Persian throne, Tamburlaine reneges on this promise and, after defeating Mycetes, takes personal control of the Persian Empire.

Suddenly a powerful figure, Tamburlaine decides to pursue further conquests. A campaign against Turkey yields him the Turkish king Bajazeth and his wife Zabina as captives; he keeps them in a cage and at one point uses Bajazeth as a footstool.

After conquering Africa and naming himself emperor of that continent, Tamburlaine sets his eyes on Damascus; this target places the Egyptian Sultan, his father-in-law, directly in his path. Zenocrate pleads with her husband to spare her father. He complies, instead making the Sultan a tributary king. The play ends with the wedding of Zenocrate and Tamburlaine, and the crowning of the former as Empress of Persia.

In Part 2, Tamburlaine grooms his sons to be conquerors in his wake as he continues to conquer his neighbouring kingdoms. One of his sons, Calyphas, preferring to stay by his mother's side and not risk death, incurs Tamburlaine's wrath. Seeing this son as a coward, Tamburlaine kills him in anger after a battle in which he refuses to fight. During this time, Bajazeth's son, Callapine, plans to avenge his father's death. Finally, while attacking an Islamic nation, he scornfully burns a copy of the Qur'an and claims to be greater than God. Suddenly, Tamburlaine is struck ill and dies, giving his power to his remaining sons, but still aspiring to greatness as he departs life.

What are some literary terms that apply to "The Lady, or the Tiger"?Frank R. Stockton's "The Lady, or the Tiger?"

A literary term/technique that dominates Frank Stockton's "The Lady, or the Tiger?" is irony of situation and oxymoron.  Clearly, there is a sharp contrast between the descriptions of characters and their actions and words, and the use of oxymoron in Stockton's phrasing. For instance, in the exposition of the story, the king is described as "semi-barbaric," a term which of itself is contradictory.  Then, this king who has "perfect justice" is described as self-communing--"when he and himself agreed upon anything" it was done.  Stockton continues his irony, narrating that when

every member of his domestic and political systems moved smoothly in its appointed course, his nature was bland and genial still, [but when]some of his orbs got out of their orbits, he was blander and genial still

as he punishes his subjects in his "barbaric idealism" [oxymoron] through the use of his vast ampitheatre that is

an agent of poetic justice in which crime was punished...by the decrees of an impartial and incorruptible chance

that is attended by the subjects who are "refined" and "cultured."

In "To Kill a Mockingbird," what is the significance of Tom admitting he felt sorry for Mayella? How does Mr. Gilmer emphasize Tom's error?Chapter 19

During this time in history it would be a big deal for a black man to feel sorry for a white woman.  In Chapter 19, Mr. Gilmer asks Tom, "Why were you so anxious to do that woman's chores?" He continues to ask questions about this until Tom says, "Yes suh. I felt right sorry for her, she seemed to try more than the rest of 'em."

Gilmer immediately realized Tom's mistake (as did probably everybody in the courtroom) and emphasized what Tom had said.  Gilmer said "You felt sorry for her, you felt sorry for her?" He then gave a dramatic pause to let this sink into the courtroom.

 Gilmer really tried his best to get Tom to make this mistake.  After asking the question about the chores above, he continued to ask questions to lead Tom to make the response he did.

In Act 2, what does Shylock’s attitude toward music reveal about him?act 2

In Act 2 Scene 5, Shylock does not want Jessica going out because there is a “masque” that night, a party to which Antonio’s friends plan to attend and which Jessica will use as a means to escape her father. Shylock calls the sound “shallow fopp’ry” and does not want it to enter his “sober house.” Foppery hears means foolishness.  We learn two things here: first, his attitude toward music and gayety indicates what a joyless and stingy man he is, one of little spirit with so sense of pleasure. Second, however, we need to remember that those “varnished masks” in the street (painted faces) making  all this noise might remind him of pogroms, of which he is right to be frightened. So, in this way, we are also reminded of what an outsider he is to this Christian society.

How was Montag affected by listening to Captain Beatty play his harp and needle him?

I think that what you are referring to is the part where Montag is at the fire station after having been to Faber's house.  He has the "bug" in his ear and Beatty is talking to him.

Now, it's important to realize that Beatty is not really playing a harp -- he's just lecturing Montag.  So the "harp" is a figure of speech.

Anyway, he is telling Montag all about why books are really stupid and anyone who believes in them is stupid.  The effect on Montag is pretty severe.  Montag gets really scared.  His heart is beating very rapidly (like "the day after the war," Beatty says) and his head is whirling.  He feels like he's going to be sick.

This is because he pretty much realizes at this point that Beatty knows he's been reading and collecting books.  Right after Beatty gets done needling him, the alarm rings and they go off -- it's the alarm for Montag's own house.

What are some problems adolescents face and some solutions?based on problem of adolescent like physicalhealth adjustment teaching learning...

The scope and sequence of the question lends itself to a series of books and well beyond the limitations of an answer here.  I think that much of what you are looking for strikes at the heart of adolescent research and analysis.  The period of adolescence is when all of these challenges emerge, and while not necessarily problems, they do help to forge the basis of identity and play a role in how adolescents see one another and themselves.  Examining how teaching and learning can take place within such emotional change in the period of adolescence is of vital importance in the realm of secondary school literature and analysis. I think that you can find in the literature much in the way of suggestions for adolescents in all of these challenges.  However, I feel that the one constant in all of these is to maintain the lines of communication open with all adolescents in order to better understand these issues and gain a stronger sense of control in a setting where this might feel as if it is absent.

What contributions did Malcolm X make to society?

Malcolm X was a separatist who argued that African Americans will never achieve equality in a society dominated by whites.  As a result, he encouraged blacks to “fight back” in an armed revolution or at least to do so when attacked. He believed that blacks should form a new society of their rather than try to integrate within dominant white society. While he preached violence, he also preached pride, and in that way contributed greatly to the black power movement of the 1960s. His autobiography explained how he had been corrupted by white society and had found meaning in Black Islam. James Baldwin talks about the contributions of Malcolm X, criticizing some of his ideas, in his memoir Fire Next Time.

What is the message behind the poem "Wayfarer" by Rabindranath Tagore?

This Indian poet writes a lot about the search for God. So perhaps this poem describes this search - he looks again and again in the darkness, and he cannot sleep because of it.

I have no sleep tonight. Ever and again I open my door and look
out on the darkness, my friend!

Perhaps God is his only friend, and he hopes that God will come into his house from wandering around and about in the world

Oh my only friend, my best beloved, the gates are open
in my house–do not pass by like a dream.

The poem could also be an allegory about death. Perhaps the poet is depressed - the tone is very gloomy - and death is his only friend:

I can see nothing before me. I wonder where lies thy path!
By what dim shore of the ink-black river, by what far edge of the
frowning forest, through what mazy depth of gloom art thou
threading thy course to come to me, my friend?

Perhaps he seeks relief from his pain and gloom through death.

Thou art the solitary wayfarer in this deserted
street.

I have no sleep tonight. Ever and again I open my door and look
out on the darkness, my friend!

There is personification in the poem if you interpret the wayfarer to be something other than a human. Nature is also personified (Today the morning has closed its eyes) and there is dark imagery.

Now, you take a stab at it. The beauty of poetry is that "a poem does not mean but be."

Discuss Johnny's reaction to the outcome of the rumble and his advice to Ponyboy.

This is perhaps the best and most famous part of the novel.  Immeadiately following the rumble Dally and Pony run to the hospital to see Johnny.   It will be the last time they see him alive.  Johnny tells them that fighting isn't worth it.  He understands now that it doesn't make sense to argue or fight.  He has come to a new realization in his short life.  He understands that no matter who "wins" or "loses' everybody loses. 

Finally, Johnny repeats a line from "Nothing Gold Can Stay" and tells Ponyboy to "stay gold".  He means that Ponyboy should stay true to himself.  For example, Pony should continue to see good in the world, to notice colors, to watch sunsets, etc.  He knows that these are the most important things in life. Johnny does not want Pony to get too "tough" or become cold and hard. 

How did foreign influence and investment affect Latin America?

Latin America has been dominated over the past few centuries by foreign influences, starting with its colonization by Spain and Portugal, and in the last century by the American Empire.  The small number of Spanish descendants who inherited the land even after independence (The 1%) acted as plantation and landlords over the larger population of poor people.  They did business with large American companies such as United Fruit.

When populist revolts in countries like Nicaragua, Honduras, Bolivia and Chile threatened the landholders, American companies and mining interests, assassinations were engineered to remove those governments in favor of leaders more business friendly to the United States -- as long as they were anti-communist, human rights was largely ignored.

While in countries like Bolivia and Venezuela had their oil and natural gas resources developed by foreign investment, most of the benefits associated with that investment did not make it to the general population.  Bolivia under Evo Morales is one notable exception.

Where can I find any biography information on who is Louise Driscoll?I can find some poems by her, but absolutely no other information. Please help!

Louise Driscoll

1875-1957

Born in Poughkeepsie, educated by private teachers and in the public schools of Catskill, N.Y. Miss Driscoll first attracted attention by a poem called "Metal Checks" which received a prize of $100 offered by 'Poetry: A Magazine of Verse', for the best poem on the European War.

From then Louise Driscoll was a constant contributor to the best magazines, but, to my knowledge a collection of her verse was never published. You will find poems at

www.poemhunter.com and possibly at some other poetry sites.

I have checked www.bartleby.comand I did not find any additional information at Brittanica online. Sorry, hope this is enough.

What reason does John have for not telling the truth and going to his death?

John has felt a guilt that he was not "good" enough through the whole play.  First he felt guilt for his affair with Abigail.  It was a stain on his moral goodness.  Then while he was in prison, he felt guilty because he wanted to confess and live.  He did not want to die.  However, while he could lie to save himself, he could not lie to hurt others.  Furthermore, he felt the life he was saving would be worth nothing to him if his name and integrity were destroyed.  So he decided to rescind his confession.

When John decides not to lie, even though he would die as a result, he finally acheives goodness in his own eyes.  Without that "goodness" his life was not worth living, and to get that goodness he had to die.  His wife, Elizabeth is the only one who understands his need here.  When Hale begs her to get John to reconsider his decision, she replies "He have his goodness now.  God forbid I take it from him."

What is going on when Hamlet says this quote: "so, oft it chances......To his own scandal" (act 1, scene 4)

In this act and scene, Hamlet is waiting in the dark with Horatio and Marcellus for the ghost to appear. When Hamlet hears the gunfire, he explains to the others that the new king is having a party and celebrating too much. It's this kind of behavior that upsets Hamlet because it makes other countries look down upon the people of Denmark and make fun of them as a bunch of drunks. People don't stop and think about what Denmark has achieved, but they only think about their reputations as drinkers.This is just another example to Hamlet that something is rotten in Denmark.

What are some important things the man finds during The Road?

The word "found" is used 58 times in the novel.  Most of the time it is connected with the man; sometimes the boy finds things; and together they find things.  Of course, the main thing found is the family at the end, by the boy.  Most of what the man finds in useless, or he is so paranoid that he must soon give it up or abandon it.

So the man mainly finds a whole lot of "nothing" (of use).  He finds candles, dead bodies, flint, beer bottles, gas, a box of batteries, butane lighters, .45 ACP cartridges, 30-30 cartridge shells, refuge, paper plates, blankets, a bucksaw, a wheelbarrow, a band of marauders, abandoned children, wanderers.

Here are some quotes:

They found some utensils and a few pieces of clothing. A sweatshirt. Some plastic they could use for a tarp.

They collected some old boxes and built a fire in the floor and he found some tools and emptied out the cart and sat working on the wheel. He pulled the bolt and bored out the collet with a hand drill and resleeved it with a section of pipe he'd cut to length with a hacksaw. Then he bolted it all back together and stood the cart upright and wheeled it around the floor. It ran fairly true. The boy sat watching everything.

Coming back he found the bones and the skin piled together with rocks over them. A pool of guts.

They used to play quoits in the road with four big steel washers they'd found in a hardware store but these were gone with everything else.

How did the author foreshadow in chapter 2 that Johnny would use his knife in chapter 4 of The Outsiders?

Ponyboy tells Cherry the story of when Johnny was beaten badly in the park. Johnny was practicing kicks when a group a soc's jumped him. He was almost beaten to death by one of the boys who wore a lot of rings. Ponyboy explained that the beating didn't bother Johnny that much but he hated that he was scared. He vowed if he was ever jumped again, he would kill them. This foreshadows the outcome of the fight in chapter four, when Johnny kills Bob to save Ponyboy's fight.

What clues does Dickinson and Whitman reveal about their disenchantment with the traditional ethics, institutions and creeds of society?

One of the shared themes in the thought of Whitman and Dickinson is the disenchantment with traditional society and its institutions.  To a great extent, both thinkers lived their lives with the idea that there is an element of non- conformity which is not present, but needs to be.  For example, Whitman believed that the unique character of America cannot be found in the existing social institutions, but rather has to be found in the domain outside of it.  For example, in "I Hear America Singing," Whitman does not extol the virtues of the social elite or the domain of existing power, but rather in the common individual, the working man and woman.  Throughout his poetry, Whitman seeks to travel the path that is not worn and, this disenchantment with "what is" helps him to envision what can be.  Dickinson is much the same way.  Her introspection is done, in part, because modern and established society does not permit it.  For example in her poem, "I'm nobody!  Who are you?", Dickinson explores the idea of the "social nobody" and the individual who is marginalized by the accepting social order.  This reveals her fundamental disenchantment with the existing social institution.  She also explores the rejection of traditional social values, such as the view and perception of death.  For example, in her poem, "I Could Not Stop for Death," her conception of death is almost a warm and tender companion, as opposed to the accepted vision of  death which is far more harsh.

What did the soothsayer say to Julius Caesar when she handed him a note on the Ides Of March?

The Soothsayer does not give Caesar a note...Artemidorus does.  The Soothsayer speaks when Caesar says, "The Ides of March have come."  The Soothsayer says, "Ay, Caesar, but not gone."

The note Artemidorus gives Caesar is his letter informing Caesar of all the conspirators and who he shouldn't trust in the Senate.

Why did the community make the distinction between "selection" for the Receiver of Memory and "assignment" for all other occupations?The Elder...

We are not actually told why this is, but my assumption is that there are two things going on here.

First, I think that it is just for the sake of being different.  The post of Receiver is so different that it deserves a different term than the one applied to all the other occupations.

Second, the word "selection" has the word "select" in it.  When we talk about someone being part of a "select few" for instance, we are saying that that person is special.  So it sounds more special than the other occupations.

Describe how security is handled in the free-market system.

The Founders were wise when they considered the lessons of history, one of which being the relationship of government and military. The military could be understood to mean the sanctioned or legal body to employ physical force, and by necessity such an organization must remain under governmental control.  The government has and should maintain a monopoly of force. Private armies are a prelude to civil warfare.  However, that's considering "security" on a national or state level.  One precept that's been forgotten is that the Founders were opposed to standing or professional armies, primarily because someone was bound to use them. By extension, they would be appalled at the expansion of governmental sanctioned force in the name of safety. The government's use of military force was contingent upon the people's good will to volunteer their services, as the principle of self-defense and hence security stems from an individual, extends to his or her household, neighborhood, community, state, and country.  In short, one is responsible for one's own security, and from that security comes the security of the nation. Applying it in reverse is impractical and ineffective. Having and relying on the government to assume and provide all aspects of security does not fall under the doctrine of the monopoly of force, simply because the army or police cannot simultaneously protect and secure everyone. Security comes from the individual upwards, not from governmental mandates downwards. In a free culture, which includes a free market, individuals provide their own security.

Please explain the similarities and differences between Tom's and Gatsby's love for Daisy.F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby"

In F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel about the illusions of the Jazz Age, "The Great Gatsby," both Tom Buchanan and Jay Gatsby are unrealistic about their relationships with Daisy Buchanan; their love for her is an illusion.  Both have taken Daisy under false pretenses.  When Gatsby was dating her, he

took what he could get, ravenously and unscrupulously--eventually he took Daisy one still October night, took her because he had no real right to touch her hand.

 Tom, "supercilious" and from an extremely wealthy family, simply acquires Daisy as he has acquired a stable of polo ponies.  This acquisition having been accomplished, Tom philanders and amuses himself with other women, such as Mrytle Wilson, with whom he is extremely brutal, having "broken her nose with his open hand." 

After Daisy tells Gatsby that she loves him, Tom catches the look between Gatsby and Daisy:

He was astounded.  His mouth opened a little and he looked at Gatsby and then back at Daisy as if he had just recognized her as someone he knew a long time ago.

On the other hand, Jay Gatsby romanticizes Daisy, thinking of her years ago in her white car; her idealized purity makes her an illusion for Gatsby.  When he kisses Daisy,

At his lips' touch, she blossomed for him like a flower and the incarnation was complete.

When Daisy plans to betray him by allowing Gatsby to take the blame for the death of Myrtle,  the romantic Gatsby stands by in the garden looking into the house in his pink suit under the moon, keeping vigil for her. Gallantly, he tells Nick that he will say that he drove his car on the night Myrtle was killed.  So, Nick leaves "as though my presence marred the sacredness of the vigil...watching over nothing."

On the other hand, Tom allows George Wilson to believe that Gatsby drove the "death car" that murdered his wife.  He is no gallant hero for Daisy as is Gatsby, who pays "a high price for living too long with a single dream."  Tom Buchanan only acquired Daisy as one would acquire a new automobile, while Jay Gatsby acquired wealth so that he could acquire Daisy.

What is the Great Vowel Shift?What happend during the shift? what are the consequences of the shift?

A less dramatic but still significant consequence of the Great Vowel Shift is that many poems from earlier centuries don't rhyme like they used to. End rhyme in poems rests in the vowels, after all, and when those vowels change, the rhymes are often thrown off.

In a challenging textbook and workbook on the history of the English language, C.M. Millward discusses and presents exercises on using rhyming couplets from older poems to determine how words were probably once pronounced.

I don't have an example on hand, but I can make up one of my own to illustrate. Here are two lines from my imaginary poem:

He washed and dressed his best,

To look as he should at the feast.

If this poet is any good at rhyming, we might be surprised to see the poem try to rhyme "best" with "feast." Those two words don't rhyme today. The chances are good, however, that these words rhymed in the past (around, say, 1500 or so): "best" was pronounced as it is today, but "feast" was pronounced as if it were spelled "fest." 

The link below briefly discusses this use of rhyming couplets to determine pronounciations long before sound recordings were possible.

Why did the Mongols fail to conquer Japan?

In 1274 and 1281, the Mongols attempted to invade Japan.  Ultimately, the invasions were not successful.  China at this point in history was governed by the Yuan dynasty- Mongols who had successfully invaded China and taken over as the ruling family.  Genghis Khan had successfully invaded China and Korea, so the next logical step in his attempt of territorial expansion was to invade Japan.  The only difference is that Japan was not politically and socially arranged like China and Korea.

Japan in this time period was feudal.  The ruling family, the Yamamoto Clan, had slowly lost the lion's share of power and the real power was in the hands of powerful, aristocratic families.  This decentralized power in the hands of powerful warlords, who carved up Japan and ruled in a feudal system much like that of Europe (one of the key differences is that while Europeans had lords and knights with separate jobs, the daimyo in Japan served the role as both lord and warrior - the samurai).  So while the emperor seemed weak to the highly successful and on-a-role Kublai Khan, he decided to invade Japan.

Khan sent an armada of ships across to Japan, but ultimately was unable to conquer the strong ruling families, samurai, and a few disastrous typhoons which knocked out a large amount of Mongol ships.  Due to samurai strength, strong feudal systems, environmental factors, and just sheer bad luck, the Mongols were unable to conquer Japan.

Why is Clarisse's uncle arrested?

Clarisse tells Guy in The Hearth and the Salamander that her uncle has been arrested before for being a pedestrian. She is describing to Guy why her family is so peculiar because they sit around and talk and they go for walks for no reason. This is unusual because talking and walking and observing and thinking are all in stark contrast to the people in this society. People who are against the norms in society in any way are arrested. 

Act 5 scenes 3 and 5 show us what Macbeth has lost. How do you feel about him at the end of the play?

Concerning your question about Shakespeare's Macbeth, first of all no one can answer this question for you.  My giving you my answer can't really help you with your answer.

I can, though, give you some of the issues involved.

By the close of the play, sympathy for Macbeth isn't an issue.  He is not a sympathetic character.  But that isn't what matters.  The multifaceted nature of his personality is what is evident by this point.

Macbeth would like to believe the witches, right up to the point at which the witches' equivocations become evident--when Macduff tells him he was not born of woman, but of a body.  Emotionally, he throws himself into the fulfillment of the predictions.  But rationally, he suspects they are too good to be true.  He seems to alternate between belief and despair, even showing us a nihilistic side of his personality in the "Tomorrow" speech after his wife dies. 

Macbeth also feels trapped by the conclusion of the play, like a bear chained to a tree and attacked by a pack of dogs, for sport.  Yet, he refuses to surrender and be humiliated and faces Macduff one-on-one and fights to the death:  a noble gesture. 

Thus, no one is expected to particularly like Macbeth.  It's not about that.  But to understand him, that is the point. 

What is the significance of the title of the poem "Uphill" by Christina Georgina Rossetti?

swarupdey,

Christina Rossetti’s nineteenth-century allegorical vision takes us on an “uphill” spiritual journey that is strenuous and wearying at best.

The one who asks the questions seems to be a searching, striving mortal, for he or she has not yet reached that “resting place.” The other speaker’s been there, whether it be God, an ex-traveler, an angel, a spirit. It is clear that the second speaker knows about this final resting place at the “inn.” Life is a road that takes “the whole long day” to bring us “to the very end.” The night is death that awaits us at the end of the journey. That journey, as seen by the earnest Victorians, is “uphill all the way”; it is a struggle to maintain highmindedness that leaves us “travel-sore and weak.” But the inn—heaven or immortality—provides rest and comfort. We will there be reunited with those “who have gone before.” There will be “beds for all who come”—meaning all those who earnestly seek for spiritual significance in their lives. (Those frivolous souls who spend their time carousing and sleeping off their hangovers are not likely to make it to that promised final “resting place”.) 

Why does Annie think it is shameful for Sonia that her mother has died and left her alone in the world?

In Chapter 1, Annie identifies herself through her mother.  She sees the world through her mother's eyes and sees herself as the center of her mother's world.  Therefore, she feels that Sonia will have no guidance in the world without a mother.  How will Sonia learn to grow into a proper young lady and adult woman without the guidance of a mother?  Of course, this is just the beginning.  Kincaid establishes Annie's youthful impression of her mother as a foundation on which to demonstrate the changes that occur through maturation.

What major theme is reflected by Huck’s escape from his father and his discovery of Jim?

I would say that the theme reflected here is the theme of freedom.  Much of this book is about the desire to be free -- free to do what you want with yourself.

When Huck escapes from his father, he is setting himself free.  He sets himself free from the demands of his father and the demands of society (like the Widow Douglas).

At almost the same time, he meets Jim.  This shows another aspect of the theme of freedom as Jim tries to keep his freedom and Huck struggles with what to do about Jim -- give him freedom or obey society's rules.

In Chapter 7 of To Kill a Mockingbird, what is Mr. Avery's belief about why it has snowed?

Mr. Avery probably does not truly believe this, but his claim in Chapter 7 is that disobedient children are the cause of odd weather phemonena.  Here is the quote:

Mr. Avery said it was written on the Rosetta Stone that when children disobeyed their parents, smoked cigarettes and made war on each other, the seasons would change: Jem and I were burdened with the guilt of contributing to the aberrations of nature, thereby causing unhappiness to our neighbors and discomfort to ourselves.

Avery's intimidation adds to the list of lies adults tell and serves to further distance Jem and Scout's upstanding, moral, truthful father as unique among the inhabitants of Maycomb. 

Describe the main characters' homes. How do their homes correspond to each of their social position, lifestyle, and personality?This is not for all...

   Nick lives in a bungalow that is placed in extreme contrast with Gatsby's mansion next door and the Buchanans' mansion across the bay.  Daisy and Tom both seem to assert themselves as members of an exclusive elite class and their home serves as one vehicle to make that assertion clear.  Gatsby, on the other hand, asserts his membership through his lavish home only to win Daisy's attention.  For both Gatsby and the Buchanans, their mansions reflect their social position in the upper class and lifestyles of wealth and excess.

    Nick's bungalow is much more modest, as is Nick himself.  He comes from the Midwest, which is a much different world from the East.  Though his family is well-off, his lifestyle is not lavish or boastful.

   Myrtle and her husband George live in "the valley of ashes."  Myrtle tries to live above her means and has the opportunity to do this through her relationship with Tom Buchanan.  Their apartment represents her materialistic desires.  However, her home with George is much less fancy.

Comment on Macbeth's encounter with the witches? i want answer

Macbeth's initial encounter with the witches, or Weird Sisters, occurs in Act 1, sc. 3, as he and Banquo are on their way home from battle victory.  We've already heard, in Act 1, sc. 1, and at the beginning of the third scene, from the witches and we know that they are either good at foreseeing the future or they are very good judges of human nature.  They tell us in the opening scene that they are going to mess with Macbeth and that appearances will be deceptive in the play.  They also show us some of their powers at the opening of scene 3 in Act 1, when the second and third witch give the first witch winds in order to help her torment a sailor whose wife was rude to her.  The witch also tells the other witches that she is going to cause the sailor to suffer from insomnia ("...sleep shall neither night nor day / hang upon his penthouse lid...").  This is important because when Macbeth kills Duncan he tells his wife he heard a voice say, "Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor / Shall sleep no more!  Macbeth shall sleep no more!"  Indeed, after the murder of Duncan, he does not sleep.  The witches greet Macbeth by name and by title, "All hail, Macbeth!  Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis."  This tells us, and Macbeth and Banquo, that the witches know Macbeth though he doesn't know them.  It tells us that the witches have planned this meeting.  Macbeth's reaction to their greetings of "Thane of Cawdor" and "King" tell us about Macbeth.  He is amazed and almost angry that they are talking to him.  In light of what happens later, Macbeth's initial reaction indicates that he is angry that he should be given titles he doesn't have because it reminds him he does not have those titles and he'd like to have them.  Banquo's reaction is more of one who is amused by the witches and their wild prophecies.  The witches vanish, "The earth hath bubbles, as the water has / And these are of them," also telling us of their power to appear and disappear at will.  This initial encounter tells us a great deal about the witches and about Macbeth's personality.  As soon as Ross enters and tells Macbeth that the king has named him Thane of Cawdor, Macbeth immediately thinks of how he might make the prophecy of becoming king come to light.  This suggests he has dreamed of the possibility before and that he has ambition.

Characterize the......Q1) Characterize the speaker and evaluate her reliability as a reporter and interpreter of events. Where does she refrain...

All of your questions are very interesting, but I'm afraid we can only address one at a time in our responses. I will begin with the first.

It is an old adage that mothers often offer more nuture and care to her children that need it most, and such might be the case with the narrator in "Everyday Use."  The narrator's sympathy for Maggie can be seen when she tells us about the fire that maimed Maggie, for then she wanted to ask Dee "Why don't you do a dance around the ashes?" Even early on, the narrator resented Dee for her beauty, her aloofness, her desire to break out of the poverty. This narrator is "a large, big-boned woman," very different from her gorgeous daughter, and might have often wondered how they could even be related. Surely, too, the narrator must have resented Dee "hating the house that much," when that house was all the narrator, as mother and provider, could give her daughters. The camaraderie experienced by Maggie and the narrator at the end certainly excludes Dee, almost gleefully, forgetting that Dee might in fact be hurt by all of this. The mother does not try to teach Dee; she wants to protect Maggie, for there she finds someone similar to herself.

What were the conditions in Europe after WWI?

In addition to the devastation of Germany, France, and England, especially London that sustained tremendous damage and 30,000 deaths from aerial attacks alone,  after the war German borders were reset.  Most of the Germans fled or were expelled from outside the territory of post-war Germany and post-war Austria.  Consequently, pre-war German provinces transferred to Poland and the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia was established as a country as were Hungary, Romania, and northern Yugoslavia. 

With nearly 12 million ethnic Germans involved, it was the largest movement of peoples in history, and the largest in post-war expulsions in Central and Eastern Europe.  The policy that effected this movement was part of the geopolitical and ethnic reconfiguration of postwar Europe and in part retribution for Nazi Germany's initiation of the war and subsequent atrocities and ethic-cleansing in Nazi-occupied Europe.

In "By the Waters of Babylon", modern civilization as we know it has been destroyed. What message does the story send about technology and...

The message of this story is that human beings must be careful so they do not destroy themselves through use of their technology.  It is warning us that we have within us the savagery that could lead us to destroy our entire civilization.

Because it sends us this message, you could certainly argue it is pessimistic.  After all, it predicts a time when our civilization has been destroyed to the point where some people are eating grubs and being able to spin wool is a sign of being advanced.

On the other hand, you can say it's optimistic because the main character is looking ahead.  He ends the story saying "we must build again."  This can be seen as a testament to the human spirit -- even if we fall, we will get back up again.

When goods are stolen, lost or damaged in shipment does the buyer assume the risk or is it the seller?

There are clear cut provisions in law based on the division between buyer and seller the risk of damage or loss of goods sold during transit or shipment. The bearer of risk actually depends on the terms of sale which determine the point of time and place when the property in goods is legally transferred from the seller to the buyer. Pleas note that the legal term "transfer of property in goods" is not same as physical transfer of the goods.

In laws relating to sale and purchase there is a provision for specifying the point of transfer of property in goods. This is done by means of terms like "Ex works" and "c.i.f. (cost of insurance and freight paid)". For international trade these terms defining responsibilities of buyers and sellers have been standardised and are called INCOTERMS.

Please note their that this sharing of the risk between buyer and seller does not exonerate any other parties involved in the shipment or the insurance companies. However the responsibility for recovery of damages from these other parties by buyer or seller is decided on the basis of the point of transfer of property in the goods.

What does Proctor tell Hale about why the children are ill? How does he claim to know?

What John Proctor tells Reverend Hale is that it is not witchcraft that has made the children get sick.  He implies that their sickness has to do with them being startled and wanting to get out of being in trouble.

He claims to know this because of what Abigail Williams has told him.  He says she told him that the kids were surprised while "sportin'" and took ill.  He says that, on the first day that Hale came to town, Abigail told him (Proctor) that the girls' illness had nothing to do with witchcraft.

how does the setting affect the plot, characters and theme

The setting dictates how the families live, how they support themselves, and their cultural, traditional, and religious beliefs. The family must become nomadic in the desert, requiring that they live simply and economically. Shabanu wears the same tunic and skirt for three years.

The desert setting also controls the mode of transportation, which is for Shabanu's family, camels. We learn all about camels, as it has been the transportation for the people of this region for generations.

"The Parable of the Good Samaritan", list the three people who encountered the wounded man and their actions toward him. Be specific.

1. The Priest :- He saw the wounded man but passed by on the other side.

2. The Levit (junior priest) :-He saw the wounded man. He came to him, but passed by.

3. The Samaritan :-He took pity on the wounded man. He bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine. He set him on his own beast and took him to an inn, where he provided the wounded man with every care and nursing, he needed. The next morning, while departing, he asked the inn-keeper to wait on the wounded man, and promised to pay the sum that might need for further nursing.

Who is Joseph Stalin?

I am wondering if you have tripped across some criticism that included the name of Joseph Stalin because the author of 1984, George Orwell, also wrote Animal Farm which does characterize and criticize Stalin allegorically.

In Orwell's early years, he was increasingly impressed by the ideas of socialism, as defined by Karl Marx. However, when he begun to watch the execution of Communism and how terribly the idea of it got distorted he was mortified. This caused him to intensely criticize Stalin's perversion of socialism.

Given f(x)=(x=2)/3, and g(x)=2x^2-4 find a formula for the following:a. (f+ g)(x) b. (f/g)(x) c. (f◦g)(x) d. (g◦f)(x)

f(x)=(x-2)/3 and g(x) =2x^2-4

To find:

a. (f+ g)(x) = f(x)+g(x) = (x-2)/3 + 2x^2-4 = (6x^2+x-14)/3

b. (f/g)(x) = f(x)/g(x) = [(x-2)/3]/[2x^2-4 ] = (x-2)/{6(x^2-2)}

c. (f*g)(x) = f(x)*g(x) = (x-2)(2x^2-4)/3

d. (f-g)(x)  = f(x) -g(x) = (x-2)/3 -(2x^2-4) =(x-2-6x^2+12)/3 = (10+x-6x^2)/3

What was Emerson's opinion on consistency and conformity?

The answer to this question can be easily seen in two very famous quotes.

When it comes to conformity, Emerson says "whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist."  When it comes to consistency, he says "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds."

What Emerson is saying in both these quotes is that people must follow the dictates of their own consciences.  In the first, he is saying that they must not conform to what other people believe is right.

In the second, he is also saying that they should not bow to peer pressure.  The idea in this second quote is that people should not feel like they have to be consistent just because others will make fun of them if they are not consistent.  Instead, Emerson says you have to say what you believe today even if it is the opposite of what you said yesterday.

How do you think the Joads lacked biblical leadership in the Grapes of Wrath?they relied upon man more than they did upon God.

This is an interesting question.  I certainly don't think the Joads turned their backs on God; this is witnessed through grandma's insistance on Casy remaining a preacher.  There are examples from the past that the Joad children were baptized, they know Casy from his preaching days, etc.  However, I certainly think the Joads have made the assumption that "doing" will get them farther than praying.  Someone devoutly religious may have stayed on the farm and waited for God to provide or for a some definite sign of what to do.  The Joads, like so many other Okies, took to the roads to take their chances.  But again, I'm not sure this constitues a lack of religion.

Yes, they certainly relied on fellow travelers more than the power of prayer, but wouldn't the devout make the assumption that the willingness to help each other was a divine gift?  You can probably pick whichever side of the fence to sit on you wish - the Joads weren't attending church services or kneeling down at the bedside to say their prayers every night, but they weren't in the middle of the road cursing God for their plight either.

What is an example of dramatic irony in Oedipus Rex?

We, the reader/audience, also know way before Oedipus does that he has in fact killed his father and married his mother. Since the time of the prophecy, Oedipus has gone to great pains to avoid the fruition of the fortune telling.  We know well before Oedipus does that he has run right into the prophecy's fullfillment.  The hints are all over the play...speeches, and the chorus' responses.

Why was the federal government response to hurricane Katrina appropriate?

While there will always be  people who believe that the government response to the hurricane Katrina was not adequate. to describe the government response as inappropriate would be perhaps unjustified.

In any major natural disaster like the hurricane Katrina the loss to life and property, as well other hardship and misery caused to the people is so great that whatever is done to limit the loss or to provide relief subsequently appears to be inadequate.

However a fair assessment of the adequacy of federal government should be based on what was reasonably possible in that situation rather than just on the basis of what was desirable. Such an assessment will definitely point out some areas where the performance was inadequate, however in other ares the performance may be considered excellent.

In Chapter 2, what is Holden wondering about in terms of the ducks?

The desperately lonely Holden has taken the time to visit his favorite teacher at Pencey Prep, old Mr. Spencer. But Spencer's lecturing and storytelling grows old quickly for Holden, who begins to daydream. He chooses a topic that he returns to several times in The Catcher in the Rye: He wonders how the ducks who swim in the lagoon in Central Park South survive during the winter months. Does someone load them in a truck and take them to safety?

The question is more of a rhetorical one, since Holden is actually wondering about his own future. What will happen to him now that he is displaced with winter approaching? His aimless life seems similar to the ducks in park, and he wonders if someone will appear to save him as well.

This theme is repeated several times later in the novel, and during his return to New York he asks an unfriendly cabbie the same question. The flustered taxi driver gives him a less-than-accurate answer, telling him that the ducks will adapt and hibernate. In truth, the ducks do as many Northern snowbirds do during the winter months: They migrate south to warmer weather. This is a thought that later crosses Holden's mind--to escape his problems by moving to new surroundings.

Summary and analysis of The Shadow Lines by Amitav Ghosh?

A summary of Shadown Lines is one thing, but an analysis is another.  We can summarize the story quite easily, but for analysis one must understand a bit about post colonial criticism because that is exactly the theme that Ghosh is addressing.

In its simplest form, the story is about a young boy in India (who is the narrator).  The story begins in India and later transfers to London.  The story moves through the young boy's memories and especially concentrates on the memory of his cousin, Ila, who he is attracted to; however, because of the social constrictions of his society, the narrator stays with a platonic relationship.  Another interaction Ghosh focuses on is that of the narrator's relationship with another male cousin:  Tridib.  This part of the story focuses on the love between the Indian and the English.  As the narrator goes on in his personal narrative many historic events in India's history are revealed (even the second world war and incidents in Calcutta).

But in analyzing the title of the work, the real truth comes in the delineation of borders and boundaries between nations, hence the term "shadow lines."  The author shows how these lines are created, kept, broken, and even invisible.  The concept of Post Colonial Criticism talks about the negativity of borders made by man.  Why?  They pit one society against another.  As is evidenced by the story, this was especially true in India when it was divided into three sections:  India (proper), Pakistan, and Bangladesh.  Only conflict resulted in that division.

The novel not only deals with the boundaries of space, but also of time.  For example.  Look at this quotation about seeing boundaries from above:

But if there aren't any trenches or anything, how are people to know? I mean, where's the difference then? And if there's no difference both sides will be the same; it'll be just like it used to be before, when we used to catch a train in Dhaka and get off in Calcutta the next day.

Further, if you put this analysis next to the actual plot of the story, you will begin to connect the two together.  For example, look at the character of Robi and his thoughts here:

Why don’t they draw thousands of little lines through the subcontinent and give every little place a new name? What would it change? It’s a mirage; the whole thing is a mirage. How can anyone divide a memory?

Here is a perfect example of those boundaries becoming a simple illusion.  Here, there is some kind of collective consciousness that can't be changed no matter what.  The government has no power in this way.  Such was the case of the subdivided India, ... the tumultuous India divided into three parts.

What are the places of worship for Christianity, Islam, and Judaism and who is the religious leader for Judaism?Also, what are the tenets of...

Christians worship in churches and cathedrals, where Muslims worship in Mosques.  Jews observe the Sabbath and conduct services in Synagogue, or as sometimes referred to, "going to Temple".

 The Jewish equivalent of a Priest or Pastor is called a Rabbi.  Jews, Muslims and Christians have a lot in common.  They worship the same God, but refer to him as God, Yahweh, or Allah depending on the religion.  They also believe in the same prophet, Abraham.  All three religions believe in Jesus, but differ on his role.  Muslims and Christians both believe he was a prophet, but only Christians believe he was the Son of God.  Jews believe he was a good man with great teachings, but not a prophet - they are still waiting for the prophet to come as promised.  Muslims also believe in a third prophet, Mohammed.

Jews study the old testament of the Bible, specifically, the first five books.  This is their holy book, the Torah.  Christians have the Old and New Testaments in the Bible.  Muslims study the Koran, which they believe is the word of God as told to Mohammed directly.

As for specific tenets of each religion, the Muslims believe in the Five Pillars of Islam - Charity, Prayer, Fasting, Pilgrimage to Mecca, and Mohammed the Prophet.  They observe the holy month of Ramadan, and fast from sun up to sundown.

Jews believe in observing the Sabbath day, as commanded in the Ten Commandments. They believe in the Old Testament and its teachings.

Christians emphasize the teachings of Jesus, the Crucifixion as taking away the Sin of Man, and the principle of forgiveness.

At the end of chapter 12 it says "The officer, surrounded by these noises, was moved and a little embarrassed." Why would he be embarrassed?

My interpretation of the last few pharagraphs of where the officer finally arrives on the island was as if he had stepped into a dream - it was strange that a whole school of boys on an island could be holding their own war. He even jokes about it to Ralph, when he hears narrations of their stay on the island. Even the mobidity of Piggy's death is brought up in a whimsical tone - it is as if the deaths on the island were considered light, insignificant and unconvincing.

His embarrassment probably arises from Ralph bursting into tears and the emergence of some of the boys, running around unclothed with runny noses. Perhaps in his mind, he regrets his lackadaisical attitude towards the boys in the first place. Personally, I think it represents a lack of female instinct displayed by the male gender throughout the book. From the beginning, some of the younger boys found comfort in suckling their thumbs, but the savagery and violence that men generally lean towards, as compared to women, overwhelms the children on the island.

Likewise, the officer displays a lack of concern, sensitivity and even affection towards the boys, who have been through their own little "war."

What are the Negroes' cabins like where Tom Robinson lived in To Kill a Mockingbird?

The cabins where Tom Robinson and the other blacks lived are little better than shacks.  They are all in the same area separated from the poor whites.  In the story, the reader gets a better description of the Ewell's cabin which is also little better than a shack but it is to be understood that they do live slightly better than the Negroes on the outskirts of town.  

These cabins would have cold in the winter and difficult to heat.  They were probably comprised of two rooms one in the front and one in the back.  One room would have been used to cook in and the other to sleep in.  There would have been no indoor plumbing or running water.   

What is political and economic transformation of Western Europe after the fall of Rome?How did the organization of Medieval European societies...

This is a pretty big question, and the answer is not the same for every time and place after the fall of Rome.  But in general, the ideas of decentralization and self sufficiency go a long way to describing what happened.

After the fall of Rome, Europe split up into all sorts of little political entities.  Where Rome had once ruled a large part of Europe, it now came to be ruled by "nobles" who controlled as much land as they could.

Self-sufficiency became more important after the fall of Rome.  Now that Rome did not control everything, it became very dangerous to travel and, therefore, to trade.  There were too many people who might steal a trader's goods and money.  So there came to be much less trade and areas needed to be self-sufficient.

What is the point of view and theme in "Rip Van Winkle"?

The story is written in third person omniscient point of view.  The "omniscient" narrator isn't a character in the story of Rip Van Winkle, but comments on all the other characters and what those characters are thinking.  However, Washington Irving has created a character by creating the narrator.  The writing is supposed to have been done by Diedrich Knickerbocker, an American writer who passed away before this story was published.  In truth, Irving created the character of Knickerbocker to tell a few of his different stories, giving the writer a distinctive voice and making him seem like a pompous but distant observer of American life.

The theme of this story, Rip Van Winkle, relates to the new America, the America after the revolution.  The protagonist returns to the village to see a more active a busy populace, with the average man vocally engaged in politics.  But as he hears what these men have to say about their new leader, Van Winkle feels that not much has changed since the time of King George.  Irving suggests that politically changes do little to change the character of human beings.

What tactics does Abigail try on John Proctor to win him over? What does she reveal to him about what happened in the woods?

In the play "The Crucible" Abigail is such an evil little vixen.  She had been flirting with John and later had the affair with him.  When he tries to end it, she tries to degrade his relationship with his wife. Abigail can not accept that John no longer wants her.  She tells him that he has come to her window.  She wants him to know that she will wait for him.

When John continues to defend Elizabeth, his wife, Abigail lies saying that Elizabeth has been telling stories about her throughout the town. 

Later Abigail begins to realize the power of the word and superstition.  She makes up a story that Elizabeth Proctor had put pins into a doll to practice voodoo on her.  She says that the woman has vexed her.  Elizabeth is arrested and brought before a council.  Abigail has by then solicited the help of her female friends who are relishing in the attention of the "witch hunt" and also too afraid to deny Abigail.

What was Nora's motive of leaving her home in A Doll's House?

The reason why Nora left her home, even the children behind, is because, as she said in not so many words, in trying to be everyone's trophy, she forgot herself.

After the hard blow that came in the shape or her husband's complete disregard of her sacrifice, Nora had finally come to terms with the fact that she had been an object her entire life.

Who was she now that she could no longer be an object? That was the question that would be extremely hard to answer, especially after you have lived your entire life for everyone but yourself.

Nora had the quintessential reality check that she had suspected, denied, hidden from, and disguised in many ways throughout her life: She knew she had a certain potential to do for herself, but she also suspected that her role was not to be a hero, but a form of pleasure giver.  This was the poignant moment when she realized she could be neither.

It was so intense, that she decided to cut ties with everything she knew, and her life as she knew it. For the first time, she would finally learn who is really Nora.

What is social opportunity?

In social sciences, the term "social opportunity" is generally used to refer to the idea that people have different opportunities based on their social networks and the overall environment in which they live.  So, if I talked about my social opportunities, I would be talking about the ways in which who I know and where I live can affect what opportunities I might have.

So, for example, a social scientist might ask about the way that social opportunities affect education.  They might focus on the whole context of schools and ask whether/how much schools can help kids when everyone they know is uneducated and doesn't value education.

How do I copy and paste a Word Document from Word to the discussion board?I browsed and uploaded the word document to the discussion board as a pdf...

Your post seems to me to be asking not simply how to copy and paste to but rather to something that's being used in one or more of your univesrity courses, such as WebCT or Blackboard.

I think your confusion may be tied to your language. You ask: "How can I copy and paste a Word document...?" You don't want to copy and paste the actual document; you only want to copy and paste the text (which is in the document).

When you upload the entire document, the process is usually called "attaching." I get the sense that you attached a pdf file to the discussion board when everyone else in the course was simply putting their contributions in the text field. Attachments work, but to read them, the instructor or student has to go through another step; attachments, as you put it, don't open "right away."

I recommend not using attachments unless you have a question about formatting and want the person at the receiving end to see your document just as you see it. Instead, simply use the method that you used here to post your questions: type your text (or paste it) directly into the text field, then click the button at the bottom (it may be labelled "Post" or "Submit" or "OK").

In the story, To Kill a Mockingbird, what purpose does Dill serve in the novel?

In the book "To Kill a Mockingbird" Dill serves several purposes.  The first purpose is as an outsider looking at the events occurring in the small town of Maycomb.  Dill is worldlier than the children.  He has been raised in different cities and seen different things.  He has even had the opportunity to attend movies.  Dill's character allows the reader to view the situation of Tom Robinson's trial and treatment from a perspective other than Scout's and Jem's.

Dill also serves as an example of a different type of home setting.  His life has been one of tug of war between families, an unsafe and unhappy environment, and very little control in his ability to make decisions.  Scout and Jem have come from a good home with consistency.  Atticus lets the children learn through discussion and example.

Dill is also a catalyst for the events that follow with Boo Radley.  He wants to play a scary game with the children after he learns about Boo.  Jem runs and touches the house.  The event sets in place other events that follow that eventually lead to Boo saving Jem and Scout from Bob Ewell.

What is the difference between MIG & MAG welding? Which is latest advanced welding?

MIG (metal inert gas) welding and MAG (metal active gas) welding are two sub types of welding method classified as GMAS (gas metal arc welding). In both there processes a continuous metal wire surrounded by a shielding gas are fed through a welding gun. Of the two processes the first one to be developed was MIG process. This process was costly because of high cost of inert gas and therefor was not used that widely. It was mostly used for welding of non-ferrous metals. Subsequently the MIG process was developed which used semi active gas such as carbon dioxide (CO2). This allowed the process to be used for much wider applications.

Describe how the sacrifices the Losisels make to replace the necklace change their character. Comment on both internal and external changes. the...

In the short story "The Necklace" by Guy De Maupassant , the author sets out the way in which there is a total sea-change in the mindset of the young couple who lose the 'diamond' necklace before they can return it. They change both internally and externally. Externally, they are even poorer than they were before as Mme Loisel in particular loses her peace of mind, freedom and beautiful young looks. They didn't know what they had til it was gone (lack of worry over debt, a roof over their heads, food, warmth that Mathilde did not have to persoanlly go out to work for.) Mr Loisel has now to watch his wife demean herself, scrubbing her fair young fingers to the bone in cleaning to pay off the perceived debt. Internally, they have changed their outlook on life - rewards that are temporary and materialistic are not worth having as integrity and lack of debt-slavery are better to have.

How would you describe the overall mood of Act 1 in Julius Caesar?

In Act 1, Scenes 1 and 2 present us with the anxiety brought about by Caesar’s return from war, killing the previous ruler, Pompey. The mood is frenetic. It is noisy. The people in the streets are shouting, and there are games going on because it is the Feast of Lupercal. We can imagine Caesar and his troops marching into the city, with all the flourish that involves. Some soldiers are grumbling, angry with Caesar. As a result of the festivities, perhaps, a soothsayer is wandering about as well, and he goes up to Caesar to give his prediction, which surely creates more anxiety and makes the mood ominous. Then we learn that the crowd, in their adoration, offers Caesar the crown three times, only for him to refuse it. To be sure, this happens off stage, but the excitement flows over into the speeches of Casca, Cassius, and Brutus afterwards. We also hear that Caesar had an epileptic attack, which must have put quite an edge to the voice of the speakers as well. The anxiety and "edginess" in these scenes lead nicely to the more dramatic scene of the storm in Scene 3.

Are there any literary elements in chapters 30-32 in the novel "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"???i read the chapters but so far cant find any.

I can think of a few literary devices present in these chapters, and maybe others can think of more.

Chapter 30 of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn offers both a denouement to the plot line following the King and the Duke as well as a little bit of comic relief.  As they make their escape, the two continue to fight, convinced that the other was trying to steal the gold.

In Chapter 31, the climax of the novel occurs.  Huckleberry Finn comes to the realization that Jim is human, not just property.  Chapter 31 also offers a great example of irony: Huckleberry Finn becomes aware of Jim's humanity at the exact moment that he is captured and re-enslaved.

Why is the Prince angry with Lord Capulet and Lord Montague in Romeo and Juliet?

The prince is angry with the Lords Capulet and Montague because they are the patriarchs of the two feuding families which,over a short period of time, contaminate Verona with brawls, death and tragedy. When he declares in Act 1 Scene 1:

What, ho! you men, you beasts

That quench the fire of your pernicious rage

With purple fountains issuing from your veins!

He is implying that the Capulets and the Montagues who are aristocratic and prominent families of Verona should set exemplary example instead of brawling like savages.

The prince is especially angry because the brawls  not only,"Have disturbed the quiet of our streets", but has  in Act 1 Scene 1 Lines 91-3:

...made Verona's ancient citizens

Cast by their grave beseeming ornaments

To wield old partisans, in hands as old.

Which means that not only the families and their staff are involved but almost the entire city on one side or the other.

Where are Amylose, Amylopectin, Cellulose, and Glycogen found naturally and what is there function?

Glycogen or animal starch is found in animal liver, muscle tissue. Glycogen is found also in yeast, mushrooms, beans, corn on the variety of Zea mays saccharata.The structure  resembles of Amylopectin and by hydrolysis,  form, as starch, dextrin, and subsequently, maltose up to glucose .

Cellulose is found in the form of very fine fibers, in all plant products. It comprises glucose. It is not attacked by mineral acids or bases. Extracted from Herbal textile plants,it is used for centuries in the manufacture of cotton and linen clothes. It has not an active role in nutrition, but it has a role in promoting nutritional act, in digestion, to stimulate the intestinal tract along with dietary fiber.

Pancreatic amylase is similar to salivary amylase which acts on starch or glycogen. Parallel to the formation of amylase a small part of the enzyme goes in the blood , so determination of blood amylase gives clues to the function of the pancreas.

Starch is the most prevalent carbohydrate. It consists of two substances with different molecular weight. It is extracted from starch grains in the form of very fine granules microscopically distinguished by shape and size-specific to some plants. Rice starch is used for making cosmetic products.

Who is at fault for Piggy's death, Jack or Roger?Was the death of Piggy due to the fact that Jack reigns over the island and his "irresponible...

Roger.

“Roger, with a sense of delirious abandonment, leaned all his weight on the lever.” 

Thus dislodging the boulder that killed Piggy.

You could argue that due to Jack being chief he was in charge and so it’s his responsibility to control the group and so his fault.

What is the narrative technique that Albert Camus used in his short story "The Guest"?

The type of narration Camus uses in "The Guest" is called an interior monologue, which means that the only point of view the reader experiences is that of the main character. The Oxford Companion to English Literature (linked below) defines interior monologue as a form of first-person narrative in which the character's thoughts are "‘overheard’ by the reader without the intervention of a summarizing narrator." That is, we know what is happening in the story only through the main character's thoughts. Edgar Allan Poe used this style of narration in "The Tell-Tale Heart."

Name two human rituals(traditions)that the animals used to celebrate their victory.

After the battle, they hold a ceremony to honor the military heroes. Snowball and boxer are given medals for their courage and victory. A sheep is honored posthumously for his effort, and given a medal.

They also use the gun to shoot , much like a fireworks display, and decide to do this every year on the anniversary of this battle, and of their rebellion.

What is the theme of the poem "Laugh and Be Merry" by John Masefield?

In the poem 'Laugh and be merry' by John Masefield, the poet examines the theme of living life to the full. He urges us to be cheerful and to enjoy our beautiful environment and is also sure to remind us that it is the lovely world that God has provided for us. He suggests that we make the most of the time we have here to enjoy it, and evokes a merry image of us all enjoying our environment in the company of good friends. There is also a note of caution as towards the end of the poem he reminds us that life is short, and that we won't always be around to enjoy it. In the lines

'God made Heaven and Earth for joy He took in a rhyme,
Made them, and filled them full with the strong red wine of
His mirth'

he expresses the view that God made us and the world only because he enjoys a little fun too, and also uses the image of red wine to add to the scene of merriment.

Austen's treatment of class and social mobility reveal what about Anne and Sir Walter, Admiral Croft & Mrs Smith?

Austin's treatment of class and social mobility reflect the attitude of the times, yet also seem to challenge these standards. Sir Walter exemplifies the snobbery of those in a certain social class. He is driven to perfect his image, and maintain his social standing. He goes so far as to classify his own children, he prefers Elizabeth, due to the fact she behaves the same way, yet finds his other two daughters, inferior.Admiral Croft is the picture of gentility. Austin creates these two characters to show the both the existing attitudes and the possibility for social change. He does not put on airs, and is the opposing viewpoint to compare the attitudes of the in a high social position.

What are Boxer's maxims in Animal Farm? And, what causes the animals to finally rebel against Mr. Jones and his four farmhands?

Boxer's most famous maxim is:

I will work harder.

As the book moves on, you will find him also use the maxim:

Napoleon is always right.

Each of these are indicative of his character a hard-working and loyal contributor to a society.

Mr. Jones' neglect of the animals needs of food and care(like the cows needing to be milked) caused them to rebel. His neglect arose from a drunken stupor.

What point of view is used in "Through the Tunnel"?

The point of view used in Through the Tunnel is the omniscient point of view.  We know this because the narrator shows us what both Jerry, the story's protagonist, and his mother are thinking and feeling.  Of course, since Jerry is the main character, we get to know more of his thoughts and feelings; but if you read carefully, you'll find that the mother's doubts and worries are also revealed. 

In the third-person limited point of view, the narrator reveals the heart and mind of a single character in the story. 

Who are flat characters in 'Romeo and Juliet? Also how would you use dialogue to illustrate an example of a flat character?

"Flat" characters are characters which don't change in the course of a plot.  They are usually minor characters, used for plot purposes such as moving the action along or revealing secrets. In Romeo and Juliet, there are some flat characters that come to mind.

The nurse can be considered a flat character.  Her purpose in the play is to help Romeo and Juliet get married.  She is Juliet's closest confidant, and she meets with Romeo on her behalf to arrange the marriage time and place. But she is more comic relief than a fleshed-out character.

Another flat character is Benvolio.  He is the same throughout the entire play, solid, temperate, and loyal.  The irony is that others accuse him of being hot-tempered and wild, when they are the hot-tempered ones. This is a classic Shakespearean character type.

A way in which you can show these flat characters through text is by comparing early and later dialogue. For example, compare Benvolio's reaction to the first street fight and his attempt to stop the deadly duel between Mercutio and Tybalt.

What is the name of the blue Soc car in The Outsiders?

In the book The Outsiders the Greasers are harrassed by the rival group called the Socs.  The Greasers wear their hair long and slicked back with grease.  The Socs are the more affluent kids in society.  They own cars, have money, and go off to college.  The Greasers survive in lower income families.

One of the Socs named Bob owns a blue Mustang.  Whenever, the Greasers see the Mustang they know there is going to be trouble.  None of the boys like to be caught alone when they see the car.  There are usually several of the Socs in it cruising to create problems.

He had been hunting our football to practice a few kicks when a blue Mustang had pulled up beside the lot. (33)

What is the climax of The Friends?

It appears that Phyllisia and sister Ruby will be returning to their Caribbean home as Rosa Guy's novel, The Friends, nears its conclusion. The girls' lives have grown more complicated since the death of their mother, and the relationship with their father, Calvin, has worsened. The two sisters have constantly broken their father's strict rules--roaming New York City streets without permission and kissing boys, among them. Phyllisia leaves the house again, this time to make contact with her old friend, Edith. She finds that Edith is all alone and is waiting for social services to take her away. The two girls promise to stay in touch. But when Phyllisia returns home, Calvin decides to send them back to the island. However, at the end, Phyllisia refuses to pack, and she convinces Calvin that both of the girls love and care for him. They will get along together as a family, and Calvin relents: The girls will stay in New York City with their father.

Who is Cornelius Agrippa, and how does Victor find out about him?

In the book "Frankenstein" Victor's family travels extensively throughout Europe.  Victor's parents were very loving and kind to their son whom they showered with love and affection.  When Victor was about thirteen he learned about Cornelius Agrippa.  He was a German Philosopher who studied the occult. While staying at an Inn in Thonon he found one of his written volumes and Victor started to read it.  Victor was so excited about what the man had written that he told his father.

Victor's father's response was to tell Victor that he was wasting his time by reading the material by the man.  He tells him that it is trash.

Victor, feeling that his father really did not know or understand the man, returned home to get the rest of the man's volumes and read them.  He found the writing delightful.

Compare and contrast Sophocles' Oedipus Rex and Henrick Ibsen's The Wild Duck.

Some similarities between Sophocles' Oedipus Rex and Ibsen's Wild Duck lie in the confusion of parentage; tragic ends; tragic hero and heroine being innocent of intentional wrong doing; fate overruling personal choice; true identity unknown to self yet known by others (Chorus/Gregers). Differences between the two plays are that the Chorus is reluctant to tell Oedipus Rex what they know or suspect and Gregers is eager to tell. A corollary of this is that the Chorus anticipates the agonized reaction their news will bring while Gregers is blinded to the truth of how others may react.

To elaborate on some points, neither Oedipus nor Hedvig know their parentage, and neither knows that there is something unknown. In other words, they believe they do know their parentage. Both Oedipus and Hedvig come to tragic ends. In keeping with Aristotelian opinion, Oedipus meets the tragic end of self-inflicted blindness and exile. In keeping with the later Shakespeare model of tragedy, Hedvig dies; her end is also self-inflicted (this reading would tend to cast her death as a self-inflicted punishment instead of what some critics call a self-sacrificial gift).

Gregers stands in opposition to the Chorus in that he is determined in his own mind that the truth will set everyone free from a burden that, ironically, none but Gregers feels or recognizes. The Ekdals are happy in their life of mutual support of weaknesses and strengths. Gregers also opposes the Chorus in that he is unable to shift his point-of-view to that of any other of the characters and consequently believes they will all take his news as a commonplace and make adjustments to accommodate the freedom of truth and begin to be happy.

Who were the Celts?

The Celts were the diverse and widespread group that populated Europe during the Greek and Roman Classical period and from whom it is believed the Germanic tribes sprang. Celtic society, in all it's various tribal groups, was hierarchical and based on class divisions. There were three classes. The first was the ruling aristocracy, including the King. The second and most powerful was the intellectual class comprising Druids, poets, and legal experts called jurists. The Druids had their own universities and passed their vast knowledge on by rote (repetition to the level of perfection). The third class was the common people, including laborers, farmers and warriors.

It was when the Romans began encroaching from the south on the European Celtic groups and the (theorized) Celtic off-shoot Germanic tribes began encroaching from the east that Celtic groups spread to the northern coast of France and the British Isles (England, Ireland and Scotland) warring against, conquering and/or displacing the native Briton peoples.

What prophecy was made to the Cyclops (in The Odyssey) that is told in lines 412-426?

An additional note about the prophecy--Polyphemus, who thought very highly of himself, his strength, and great size, was expecting someone his equal in strength to defeat him and blind him.  So, when Polyphemus is first blinded, he foolishly does not connect the prophecy with its fulfillment.  Not only had Odysseus tricked him by telling him that his name was "Noman" (no man), but Polyphemus did not think that some minuscule human would be able to do such great harm to him.

Unfortunately, Odysseus could not leave well enough alone, and because of his taunting, Polyphemus calls upon the power of his father Poseidon to avenge his blinding (the fulfillment of the prophecy), which of course lengthens Odysseus's journey on the sea even more.

Is the tone of "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" sad?

The poem may begin on a somewhat sad note when the speaker claims that he "wandered lonely as a cloud," but the tone of the poem quickly becomes joyful, when he spies a group of daffodils "fluttering and dancing in the breeze."  He claims that with such a sight "a poet could not but be gay," especially when he is in such "jocund company" as the numerous daffodils "tossing their heads in sprightly dance."

It is only later, though, that he fully appreciates the richness of this glorious sight.  When he is in a "vacant or in pensive mood," the image of these daffodils flash in his "inward eye," and  his heart is filled with pleasure and delight.  It's a lovely poem showing the power of nature to transport us from loneliness, pensiveness, or emptiness to bliss. 

Describe the 'Companies Act 1985' and give a simple example of what a student working with IT in a school/college should look out for?

The Companies Act of 1985 is an article created in Parliament which properly identifies and describes small and mid-sized businesses in order to correctly tag them in terms of taxation,permits, and rights.

The Act describes in section 247 (3):

    (2) Under the heading "Small company" - 

(a) for "Not more than £2.8 million" (turnover) substitute "Not more than £5.6 million"; and

(b) for "Not more than £1.4 million" (balance sheet total) substitute "Not more than £2.8 million".

    (3) Under the heading "Medium-sized company" - 
(a) for "Not more than £11.2 million" (turnover) substitute "Not more than £22.8 million"; and

(b) for "Not more than £5.6 million" (balance sheet total) substitute "Not more than £11.4 million".

The act was also used to identify the exemptions under which these small and medium-sized businesses will be audited, and it is notable to see how due to inflation and the economy the amounts have changed considerably:

According to it:

(1) Section 249A of the 1985 Act (exemptions from audit for certain categories of small company) is amended as follows.

    (2) In subsections (3)(b) and (3A)(b), for "£1 million" substitute "£5.6 million".

    (3) In subsection (3)(c), for "£1.4 million" substitute "£2.8 million".

The importance of this Act is that since so many people are beginning their home-based or family businesses, special consideration needs to be given to the importance of the income that these companies generate for the purposes of redistribution and taxation. 

For a student working in IT, this takes special consideration because many IT students can find in their field a myriad of opportunities to start a computer-based business. However, they have to take into consideration that their businesses may generate more income than what is considered for a "small business" and they have to be willing to classify their businesses as "medium businesses" even if its at a higher cost to them.

It is important to understand this Act so that the future IT entrepeneurs will not end up becoming wrongly audited and accused of making shady or illegal transactions from the incomes that their companies generate.

What are examples of ways that Atticus Finch is generous, open-minded and brave ?I have chosen to write a paper about him and I'm having a lot of...

Atticus Finch shows many examples of these traits during the novel To Kill a Mockingbird.

GENEROUS.  Perhaps Atticus best shows his generosity when he chooses to defend Tom Robinson. He knows that it will bring scorn to him as well as his family, but he takes the case because he realizes Tom will not receive proper defense from anyone else. 

OPEN-MINDED.  Atticus treats all people the same. He seems to be color-blind at a time when most Southerners did not treat African-Americans in an equal manner. He shows respect to all women (something lacking in many of the characters and townspeople of Maycomb). He gives his children more independence than most parents would at any time, giving them proper guidance in the hopes that they will grow into responsible adults.

BRAVERY.  In addition to standing up alone to the lynch mob that came for Tom Robinson, Atticus shows his bravery by staunchly defending Tom--and ultimately antagonizing Bob Ewell.

How does the element of wit relate to the subtlety of thought in Donne's metaphysical poetry?

John Donne presents subtle thoughts expounded through wit that is often of the ironic kind. Using Donne's "The Undertaking" as an example, he uses irony and witty comparisons to expound the thought that men ought to, in fact, see and love women's virtue (Stanza 5) while he overtly makes the opposite point, "And a braver [thing] thence will spring, / Which is, to keep that hid."

Donne sets the mood of his subtle ironically presented thought by saying that men who love the color connected with women (e.g., skin, eyes, rosy cheeks, bright garments) metaphorically love only "their oldest clothes." This is a witty turn of phrase and concept to speak of the shallowness of superficial love. He prepares for the twist in his message that comes in the ending by pointing out that the valuation and love he spoke of in Stanza 5 receives derision from "profane men."

Donne gives the turn of the screw in the last stanza when he says that therefore men are right to keep their high opinion of women's virtue hidden, which is to ironically say that those who do so are hypocrites, cowards and knaves. The witty comparison that starts the poem in Stanza 2 compares gemstones to women and men who see and value the virtue of women as gem cutters who have newly learned their art but who are unable to practice it. This comparison ties in with his final tongue-in-cheek admonition to keep opinions valuing women's virtue hidden. This ironic, witty construction would have a much readier reception than a didactic admonition to value women rightly.

What are the ideals outlined by Old Major that should occur after the rebellion?

The ideals Old Major establishes are put into words and hung on the barn wall for all to see (even though, for the most part, only the pigs can read--other animals learn to read a little). "No animals shall kill any other animal" is perhaps the most important ideal of Old Major, as is "All animals are equal." Old Major says, too, that older animals should be able to retire with dignity, and that the animals should be able to have ownership over the products of their labor rather than man own the food after the animals produce it; this will guarantee both freedom and wealth: "Only get rid of Man, and the produce of our labor would be our own. Almost over night we ould become rich and free."

Why is Measure for Measure a problem play? And what are specific examples throughout?

In Shakespeare studies, the term problem plays normally refers to three plays that Shakespears wrote between the late 1590s and the early 1600s,. The term was coined by FS Boas in Shakespeare and his Predecessors (1896), who lists the first three plays and adds that "Hamlet, with its tragic close, is the connecting-link between the problem-plays and the tragedies in the stricter sense." The term can refer to the subject matter of the play, or to a classification "problem" with the plays themselves.

The problem plays, Measure for Measure, All’s Well and Troilus and Cressida are characterised by their complex and ambiguous tone, which shifts violently between dark, psychological drama and more straightforward comic material. The three plays are also referred to as the dark comedies, since despite ending on a generally happy note for the characters concerned, the darker, more profound issues raised cannot be fully resolved or ignored.

Many critics have suggested that this sequence of plays marked a l turning point for Shakespeare, during which he lost interest in the romantic comedies he had specialized in and turned towards the darker world of the tragedies.

Though originally classed as a "Shakespeare comedy", the resolution of Measure for Measure lacks the celebratory tone of the final scenes of, say, Much Ado About Nothing. Watching this play, we feel that Shakespeare cannot be on the side of this arbitrary, even tyrannical, ruler.

Possibly the “problem plays” are only problematic for us, as we are brought into contact with values which make us feel uncomfortable. Even the more whimsical comedies have their moments of cruelty and doubt. While these plays were classified as Comedies in the original editions, they contain darker, more serious themes than the other comedies, and Troilus and Cressida has neither a happy nor a tragic ending.

In Hamlet Act 3, scene 2 Hamlet says "for some must watch while some must sleep, so runs the world away." What does Hamlet mean by this? I am doing...

Hamlet's plan for "catching the conscience of the king" has worked. He has had his play performed, Claudius has freaked out, and everyone has left except Hamlet and his best friend, Horatio. 

Hamlet is saying that the way the world works is that some people must be ever vigilant, on guard against danger and evil, while some get to just "sleep" their way through life, never paying any attention to what's happening around them. He is confident now in what the ghost told him about his father's murder, and thinks he is ready now to be on guard - to right the wronged - to seek revenge on his father's murderer.

Perhaps Asia Booth was saying that she should have been like Hamlet concerning her brother - that she should have been vigilant while the world slept around him.

Good luck!

What evidence is there that Sundiata, though a Muslim, did not always act like a Muslim ruler?

One piece of evidence showing that Sundiata was not a devout Muslim is his reliance on magic. Islam forbids magic, even just reading the horoscope or palm reading. An example of Sundiata's use of magic came in a battle with Soumaoro. Sundiata was told that he could defeat his enemy if he used an arrow that had been tipped with a magical rooster's claw.

Why is Jack so intent on hunting and why is Ralph so concerned about the "littluns" in Lord of the Flies?

Both boys have been given two very different personalities.  Ralph is the personality that represents civilized behavior, compassion, and concern.  He is what is good about humanity.  Jack is the opposite.  He is the antagonist.  Jack, without adult guidance and order, becomes the raw embellishment of savagery.  He demonstrates what happens when civilization begins to fall apart.

The author gave us the two characters so that the reader could identify the marked contrast as well as setting the stage for the conflict that will lead to the total breakdown of civilized social behaviors.  Like the world that the boy’s have been transported away from in order to escape the fall of civilization, they too have mimicked the behaviors of the fall of a civilization.

Only the fittest survive.

What does this mean "If it wasnt for the mist we could see your home across the bay...you always hace a green light that burns all night..."

There are several items of interest pertaining to this quote.  First, Gatsby is admitting to Daisy that he not only knows where she lives but that he's been keeping tabs on her.  He knows the frequency and duration of the light at the end of their dock.  Secondly, we see the importance of the color green (one of the themes/motifs) in this novel.  Gatsby finally ties together that the green light at Daisy's place has continued to symbolize his willingness to keep going towards her.  And finally, hard core theme-ists will suggest that the mist currently shielding the light from Gatsby and Daisy should have shown Gatsby that his perfect dream wasn't perfect.  The clouding of his important symbol (the green light) should have suggested to him that he wasn't meant to chase Daisy anymore.

I want a half page reflection on this prayer.holy one in your wisdom you have made us dependent on one another and so we pray for the starving...

God, in all his intelligence and guidance, has given one the ability to know what it is like to need someone else.  He established this pattern of dependency in order that we can and will help one another on earth.  He has given us the knowledge and the skills to help others. 

We sin often and need to ask his forgiveness for our sins. Some times we ask for forgiveness but we don't make any changes that prevent us from doing the same thing wrong again.  We need His power and support so that we won't continue to make the same mistakes.  In the prayer one is asking for forgiveness for keeping what he has and not sharing it with those who are less fortunate.

He is asking God to help him to make amends by doing things that will please God.  He is talking about the” hungers at the table of life," but it has two meanings; The resolution to the hunger would mean teaching God's gospel and faith to others.  The second is that we have to share what we have. 

In Christ is said as representation of the way to God is through the son.