What was the Roman belief concerning a barren woman and the Lupercalia holiday? Julius Caesar Act 1

When it comes to Roman rituals and Roman religion, there is great uncertainly. That is an honest answer. For example, if you read Cicero, Varro, Ovid and a few others, you will immediately see that the Romans did not even know what was going on and what their rituals meant! Mary Beard, the Cambridge scholar, has written extensively on this topic and her basic point is that the Roman reinterpreted their rituals to fit their current needs. In other words, meaning changed and was transformed based on context. As for the Shakespeare's play, the very fact that barren women are present suggests that they were looking for fertility. In the least, we can say that this was Shakespeare's interpretation.