King means that those who are in control, never voluntarily give up that control. Whether you consider the English in India, ante-bellum plantation owners in the American South, or whites in apartheid South Africa, those in control do not willingly give up their power.
By implication, King applies this to civil-rights era America. "White" America will not voluntarily give civil rights to "black" America. They will have to in some way be made to give blacks civil rights.
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