What themes does Miss Havisham from Great Expectations embody, and is she a believable character?

Although the novel's themes center upon Pip, Miss Havisham does embody several of those themes.  For example, Dickens discusses the issues of isolation and alienation.  While Pip is isolated because his social class, Miss Havisham has chosen to isolate herself from family and former friends and willifully alienates anyone who tries to become close to her.  She serves as an example to Pip of what a person can become when he/she has social rank coupled with loneliness.

Miss Havisham also contributes to the social class strife in the novel.  Her former fiancee--a gentleman (Compeyson) receives a lesser sentence than does Magwitch (Pip's convict benefactor).  Because of this discrepancy based on social class, the novel's action is set in motion when Magwitch first meets Pip.  Miss Havisham plays a more direct role in the social class strife by constantly making Pip believe that he is not good or high enough for Estella.

Because so many of Dickens' subplots in this novel are interwoven, one can connect Miss Havisham to almost every theme.  In regards to her believability as a character, I think that Dickens intends for her to be a caricature, and exaggeration.  While it is true that many people have been jilted in love and remain bitter for long periods of time, the idea of someone adopting a child and raising her to break men's hearts or of someone remaining in her wedding dress for years on end is implausible--it certainly makes for an interesting storyline though!

What are three good corporations that could sponsor a football team?Please provide a justification as to why you chose each company and describe...

You don't specify what kind of football you mean, so I am assuming you mean at the professional level.  In terms of specific companies, think of those that a) have a large advertising budget, and b) have products that appeal to the football demographic (Middle class White and African-American males aged 18 - 50).

Beer and car companies often meet both of these criteria and purchase lots of ad time and make sponsorship deals.  Budweiser is a prime candidate, as is Ford.  Next I'd look at sports apparel companies - athletic shoes like Nike, or companies that manufacture "official" NFL gear.

Methods of promotion can include giving them "official sponsorships" that place their name and products in the on air advertisements and around the stadium.  You can make deals that also places their products or beverages at the actual stadium. You can have giveaway nights sponsored by a different corporation each home game, such as Nike Hat Night, or Budweiser Bobblehead night.

Why is Manny a caring person in Parrot in the Oven? Why is Manny a hardworking person? Why is Manny helpful?

Manny has a sensitive, caring nature which allows him to perceive and meet the needs of others, even when those needs are not obvious. An example of this is when Lencho loses the boxing match against Boise. Lencho, who is a leader and always has an air of swagger and machismo, is devastated when he loses, and stands bewildered, looking "down at his gloves sort of funny, the way you look at a dog that has just dug up your garden, halfway angry at the dog and halfway sad about the garden." While others go through the motions of congratulating Lencho on a good fight, Manny sees that Lencho needs something other than that. Manny is the only one who cares enough to stay after everyone has gone, and, perceiving Lencho's need, shows his support by gently removing his gloves for him.

Manny is hardworking. He says, "I suppose years of not knowing what, besides work, was expected from a Mexican convinced me that I wouldn't pass from this earth without putting in a lot of days." As a Latino youth, Manny has had the ethic of hard work instilled in him, and as a child of poverty, he knows that if he wants something, he needs to work hard to get it. For this reason, when he wants a baseball mitt, he "hustle(s) fruit with his cousins," and, when that job falls through, goes to work picking chiles in the fields.

In his family, Manny tends to be more obedient and compliant than his older siblings, and as a result, his mother especially frequently turns to him for help. It is Manny who motivates Nardo into getting a job in the fields picking chiles, and it is also he who accompanies his mother when she has to fetch his father from the bar at Rico's. Many times, Manny ends up helping out because his older siblings take advantage of him, but nonetheless, he is, in the long run, helpful. Manny watches the baby for his sister Magda so she can go hang out with her boyfriend, and he is solicited by an older boy, Lencho, to help out as a "trainer" on the boxing team. Manny helps set up the facilities and gets the fighters ready; even though Lencho had originally expressed interest in him only because he hoped Manny could influence his older brother Nardo to join the team, Manny still turns out to be a great asset to the group.

As she returns to the Radley place, how does Scout show signs of becoming a lady and learning from her reveries in To Kill a Mockingbird?

In Chapter 31 of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout leads Boo Radley into Jem's bedroom after Atticus has thanked him for his children.  Taking his hand, Scout politely tells Boo, "You can pet him, Mr. Arthur, he's asleep....Go on, sir...." And, after "learning his body English," Scout understands that Boo is ready to leave.  So, in ladylike fashion, she asks Boo to bend his arm in order that she can loop hers in his in order to allow him to escort her to his porch.

Having arrived on his porch, Boo quietly opens the door, steps in, and seen no more by Scout.  But, the gift of Boo's friendship has taught her much as she reflects,

Neighbors bring food with death, and flowers with sickness, and little things in between.  Boo Radley was our neighbor.  He gave us two soap dolls, a broken watch and chain, a pair of good luck pennies, and our lives.  But neighbors give in return.  We never put back into the tree what we took out of it; we had given him nothing, and it made me sad.

Truly, Scout learns the lesson of Atticus, for she now stands in someone else's shoes:  "Just standing on the Radley porch was enough."  As she looks at her neighborhood, recalling the past year, Scout views the past events from the perspective on this porch of the Radleys.  She reflects that she and Jem will soon be grown and have little else to learn.

After she returns home, Scout asks Atticus to read to her, and as she drifts to sleep, she tells her father that she was not afraid and Boo was really very nice.  Kindly, Atticus responds, "Most people are when you finally see them." He knows, too, that Scout has matured.

Does Atticus believe in God?From the book To Kill a Mockingbird.

Judging by his final summation to the jury serving in the Tom Robinson trial, Atticus Finch absolutely believes in God. Although he rarely if ever goes to church, Atticus is a God-fearing man with a solid moral base. After stating the facts and the social injustice of even charging Tom with rape, Atticus appeals to the jury's own religious instincts when he asks them

"In the name of God, do your duty."
    Atticus's voice had dropped, and as he turned away from the jury, he said something I did not catch. He said it more to himself than to the court. I punched Jem. "What'd he say?"
    " 'In the name of God, believe him,' I think that's what he said."

We also get a hint of Atticus's religious upbringing when Scout tells Miss Maudie in Chapter 5 that "Atticus says God's loving folks like you love yourself--."

How does Orwell make fun of bureaucracy in Animal Farm?

I don't really think Orwell is making fun of bureaucracy very much in this book.  The only place I can really think of where he does this is when he talks about the reports and figures that are cranked out to show that the farm is doing well.  For example, we see this happen at the beginning of Chapter 8.

However, I think this is making fun of the way that governments use statistics to try to bend the truth.  This is not so much an indictment of bureaucracy as it is a criticism of governments that do not tell the truth.

I suppose you can also look at the part where the animals are organizing all kinds of committees like the one promoting clean tails for cows.  But that's making fun of communist efforts to improve everything through self-help more than making fun of bureaucracy.

in act 3 why is giles accused of contempt of court ?

Giles has a deposition written by someone saying they overheard Putnam convince his daughter to accuse someone of withcraft so he could then get their land. Since Giles won't tell Danforth who his source is (that person would then be brought in front of the court and likely face charges of witchraft too), he finds Giles in contempt of court. Giles is placed in jail where they attempt to "press" the name of the person out of him by placing large rocks on his chest. Yet, he never gives up the person.

In "The Leap," there is a question about making predictions about the end of the story from things earlier within the story.

That "The Leap" would end in a flashback can be predicted from the tone of the story and from things the narrator emphasizes, such as "read all night" and "owe[ing]" her "existence" to her mother. "The Leap" ends appropriately in the midst of the mother's leap from the fire-engulfed upstairs window where her daughter was trapped in flames. They are headed, with her mother's toes pointed, toward the "fire fighter's net," and the narrator echoes her mother's own experience of finding "how many things a person can do within the act of falling" while she contemplates possibilities and nestles against her mother's stomach.

Firstly, this ending might be predicted by the title itself: Since the story emphasizes the results of one leap, it is fitting that it end in another leap. However textual evidence of tone also predicts the ending. The tone is one of giving tribute, of admiring a life almost lived out. The narrator refers four times to owing her existence to her mother:

I owe her my existence three times ...
The first was when she saved herself ...
I owe my existence, the second time then, to the two of them and the hospital ...
I didn't see her leap through air ...

Therefore, since the whole story is a tribute, it can be predicted that the end and resolution will offer the greatest tribute--the leap that saved her life.

Finally, the end can be predicted from textual evidence of what the narrator emphasizes. She emphasizes the mother's heroic acts, like burning her hands to save her life and her unborn baby's life (or to try to any way, as the baby didn't survive after all). She emphasizes how she owes her life to her mother. She emphasizes the things in her mother's now blind-sighted life that allude back to her skill as a trapeze artist. Additionally, she emphasizes how she feels about her mother, which is most dramatically revealed in her determined and selfless statement that she will "read all night, if I must."

What is the irony of the short story "The Lumber Room"?

The irony of Saki's "The Lumber Room" is in the twists of events. Instead of the self-appointed aunt being successful in punishing Nicholas and rewarding the other children by sending them to the beach, events turn out the other way around. For it is the two who go to the beach and the aunt who spend a miserable day, while Nicholas delights in the lumber room while leading the aunt to believe that he wants to enter the gooseberry garden.

Because Nicholas has tricked his aunt with his declaration that there was a frog in his bowl of bread-and-milk, which has elicited her adamant denial in which she is embarrassingly proved in error, the aunt punishes him for his subversion of her authority: He must remain home while his cousins go to Jagborough sands that afternoon. Even though the girl-cousin scrapes her knee and cries, the aunt informs him that "it will be a glorious afternoon for racing about over those beautiful sands. How they will enjoy themselves!"

In the meantime, Nicholas is to remain home, where he is restricted from entering the gooseberry garden. When Nicholas looks at her with an expression of obstinacy, she becomes determined to watch him. Because "[S]he was a woman of few ideas, with immense powers of concentration," the aunt works for awhile in the garden so that she can keep an eye on both entries. Nicholas makes a show of trying to enter the garden, knowing that she will guard it assiduously now.

In the meantime he sneaks away, and he "rapidly executes a plan of action that had long germinated in his brain": Nicholas has discovered the key to the lumber room above its door. Now, he opens this room and delights in his deception and in his opportunity to engage his mind in flights of fancy and his eyes with wondrous things. For instance, there is a tapestry that generates a story in Nicholas's mind, as well as quaint candlesticks and a teapot shaped like a duck whose bill is the pour spout, unlike the shapeless one the aunt uses for the children. Further, Nicholas discovers a wonderful book of beautiful birds.

Suddenly, 

...the voice of his aunt in shrill vociferation of his name came from the gooseberry garden without.

Nicholas hurriedly closes the book and replaces it. His aunt has taken a sadistic delight in Nicholas's absence, certain that she will catch him in the gooseberry garden. However, she has had an accident and is heard shrieking. Nicholas carefully closes the door, locking it and replacing the key. He saunters to the garden wall, where his aunt calls out to get the ladder because she has fallen into an empty rain water tank whose sides are too slippery for her to get any footing to climb out. "I was told I wasn't to go into the gooseberry garden," Nicholas tells her victoriously, and pretends that he believes her voice that of the devil sent to tempt him. He walks away in triumph, and a maid later finds her.

"Tea that evening was partaken of in a fearsome silence" not only because of the aunt's humiliation in the garden, but also because the boy and girl who were "rewarded" with the trip to the beach have spent a miserable day. For the tide was so high that there was no sand to play in, and Bobby's boots were so tight that he was in pain the entire time. Also, the aunt maintained a "frozen muteness," having spent thirty-five minutes in a rain tank. Despite their misfortunes, Nicholas re-absorbs himself in the tale he has created about the huntsman on the tapestry.

What is a radical!

The roots of the numbers or algebric expressions could be expressed in index form or radical form. Radical form is another form of expressing  roots

x^(1/n)    is the index form or exponent form of nth root of x written like  n√(x). The sign  n√  stands  the nth root of

is called the radical form. In mathematics, radicals could be of any order more than 2. Example:

radicals    order   radicand   index form 

√(10)         2              10           10^(1/2)
3√(11)       3              11            11^(1/3)
a√(y)          a                y           y^(1/a)
x√(Z)         x                Z            Z^(1/x)

radicals    order   radicand   index form

What are the themes of "By the Waters of Babylon"?love hatred guilt

To me, the major theme of the story is the dangers of unrestricted scientific knowledge and man's inability to use that knowledge for good. This is based around the striking quote:

Perhaps, in the old days, they ate knowledge too fast.

Clearly the story paints a horrific dystopian picture of what could happen with the ever-daunting power man gains through science. Other themes that can be identified are the coming of age theme, truth and how we relate to it, and lastly, civilisation. What you need to do now is work on unpacking each of those themes and identify quotes that relate to each one to consider what the story has to say about each theme.

Compare and contrast the idea of everlasting life or destiny as portrayed in the Epic of Gilgamesh to concepts you are aware exist still today."

Well, one aspect of everlasting life that we see in common is a belief in the afterlife. However, the images of the afterlife in Gilgamesh may be strange to someone raised in a culture with predominantly Judeo-Christian teachings. The underworld is certainly dark, and it appears that all souls alike are trapped underground, to shuffle about like birds. Because this is such a fragmentary look at the beliefs, it is difficult to form an accurate picture of their vision of the underworld.

However, what we do have is a clear description of Gilgamesh's journey to immortality. He is driven by sorrow for the loss of Enkidu, his best friend and equal. This story resonates quite clearly today, for who has not felt grief at the loss of a friend? & who does not question their ideas about mortality, God, and the afterlife when faced with such a tragedy? I am not personally aware of any specific concepts of immortality, unless we discuss legends, such as the philosopher's stone, the fountain of youth, etc. I don;t know if people still believe in these objects, but they could be a parallel to Gilgamesh's search.

As for destiny, many people believe in a form of predestination today. Some believe in an impartial fate, while others believe a deity has decided our lives' courses before the dawn of time. There seems to be a form of destiny at work in the epic, although that destiny can also be changed, depending on whether a god really likes you or not. They have relationships, they pick favorite mortals to guide (or hold grudges against others and attempt to destroy them), they fight amongst themselves. When Enlil chooses to destroy mankind in the Flood, Ea saves Utnapishtim by telling him to build the boat. When the Flood is at its fiercest, Enlil is safe within his palace, while the other gods are cowered around the gates, soaking and miserable. We could compare this story to the flood in the Bible, looking at God's decision to spare Noah along the same lines as Ea's decision to save Utnapishtim.

Buddy and his friends give fruitcakes to everyone except who?

cakes has to be narrowed down although it is quite extensive.

In the short story "A Christmas Memory" giving the fruitcakes is a tradition and is symbolic of the generosity that his cousin exhibits towards others.  Miss Sooks and Buddy give them out to the people who are considered friends or those deserving of having them.  The story happens during the depression era when money and supplies are very scarce.  The fact that they are able to make the fruitcakes at all is an important issue.  Yet, making them is very important and Miss Sooks ensures that the tradition continues.  Since the supplies are limited the list of people who get fruit cakes has to be narrowed down although it is quite extensive.  Buddy is demonstrating humorous sarcasm when he says that they gave the fruit cakes to everyone except. He is indicating that it seemed like half the world got one.

What were the main points of Allied military strategy in Europe?

World War II allied military strategy for Europe: Churchill and Roosevelt and their advisers met in Washington in late 1941.  They decided that they must fiirst make a big effort at defeating Germany, then they would tackle Japan.

The American army leaders had a tradition of massing man-power and going on the offensive, so they intended to do this as soon as they could stabilize the southwestern Pacific.  They wanted to make a huge cross-channel invasion of Europe from Britain.

The Allies could not have enough ships to invade Europe before spring of 1942, so they planned to bomb Germany until then and send war materials to the Soviet armies fighting Germany in Russia.

Shipping proved to be insufficient to simultaneously supply Russia, supply British forces fighting German forces in the Middle-East, and also build up an invasion force in Britain sufficient to invade Europe by 1942, so a plan was made to invade North Africa in 1942, and this was done.

Churchill wanted to keep eating away at Germany from the Mediterranian: Africa, Sicily, Italy, and so on--a war of attrition--until Germany was weak, then invade across the Channel.  American army commanders wanted to make a huge cross-channel invasion of Europe--a war of mass and concentration--as soon as possible.  In 1943, the Allies approved a round-the-clock bombing campaign against Germany, but made no definite plan for a cross-channel invasion other than to agree to do it someday.

At the Tehran Conference between Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill, held at the end of 1943, a final blueprint for allied victory in Europe took shape.  During the summer of 1944 there would be a huge-cross channel invasion of Europe and a smaller invasion of southern France, and at the same time Russia would launch an all out offensive on its front with Germany.  Germany would be crushed between the jaws of a gigantic vice applied from west and east.

Please help me, is "Dreams" a free verse lyric poetry? What's its meter? And its tone?

Langston Hughes'' short poem "Dreams" is a lyric poem, yes, but I'm not sure that I'd call it free verse. Read the poem slowly out loud:

Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.

You'll hear the structure clearly enough. When I think of free verse, I tend to think of poems that don't have such a clear structure (in both meter and rhyme). Hughes' poem is written more or less in iambic dimeter, as seen most clearly in the line "That CANnot FLY" (the two stresses of the dimeter are written in all caps here). Lines 3 and 7 probably have to have an additional stress. Iambic is pretty much the meter, given the closeness between Hughes' poems and spoken English; spoken English tends normally to fall into iambic meter.

The tone of the poem may be a little complex. In the repetition of the line "Hold fast to dreams," I get a sense of hope and urgency, but the imagery -- particularly the "broken-winged bird" and the "barren field" -- gives me the sense of failure, of promises and potentials unfulfilled.

Why is Shylock glad to see Launcelot leave his household to go to work for Bassanio?act 2

Bassanio tells Lancelet that Shylock told him that he preferred Lancelet go to work for Bassanio, although he doesn't specify exactly why (2.2.143-146).  Because Lancelet earlier tells his father that Shylock has not fed him well, we can infer that Shylock is glad to get rid of him so that he does not have to pay him or feed him, and thereby save money.

What is the height of the density curve between 0 and 2? Draw a graph of the density curve.Many random-number generators allow users to specify the...

The density function is defined like this case could be defined like  probability of getting any number in the domain (0<=x<=2) is the same.

Let f(x) = k .................(1), be the density function, for  o<=x<=2

Then f(x) = 0 for any other x .

Then for a density function, Integral f(x) dx should be 1 for x fro x=0 to x=2. Or

{Integral kdx  from x=0  to x=2} should equal to 1.Or

{[(kx)atx=2]- [(kx) at x=0} should be equal to 1. Or

2k-0 =1 . Or

k = 1/2. Substitute this value of k in (1) .

Therefore, the uniform height of the curve (or ordinate of the curve) is f(x) = k Or f(x) = 1/2. Or y =f(x) = 1/2.

What is the historical implication shown in Othello?

Othello is a Moor (Blacks of north African descent and Muslim). He is a general in the Venetian army.

Ever since the Crusades, the European Christians had been fighting the Muslim armies, trying to regain the Holy Land. The Crusades were mostly failures, and throughout the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, many wars were fought between Christians and Muslims. The Ottomon Empire controlled much of southeastern Europe, western Africa and North Africa during much of the 16th and 17th century, when this play was written (1603).

The Venetians viewed the island of Cyprus as a last stand against the Ottomon Turks, who had conquered many lands establishing the Ottomon Empire. Cyprus is an island in the eastern Mediterranean, south of Turkey. The Venetians established a military stronghold on the island of Cyprus, but in 1571, the Ottomon Turks attacked Cyprus and conquered it. The Ottomon period lasted until the late 1800s in Cyprus. In the play, Othello is sent to Cyprus to command the Venetian army and defend Cyprus.

Othello is thought to have been based on an Italian story by an Italian writer named Cinthio. Since the play was written in 1603, this would have been after the invasion of Cyprus but during the Ottomon Period in Cyprian history.

How does Victor interpret the devastation that has been visited upon his family? Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein internalizes the destruction of the lives of his loved ones by his creature only to the extent that he feels anguish; he never accepts responsibility for his having driven the creature to vengeance.

After the death of his little brother William, Justine accused of the murder and brought to trial because the "daemon" has placed the locket of William on her pocket and she is brought to trial.  Victor describes this trial, and comments,

The tortures of the accused did not equal mine; she was sustained by innocence, but the fangs of remorse tore my bosom and would not forego their hold....I cannot pretend to describe what I then fet.  I had before experienced sensation of horror; and I have endeavoured to bestow upon them adequate expressions, but words cannot convey an idea of the heart-sickening despair that I then endured. (Chapter 8)

Later on in Chapter 21, as Victor reflects upon the death of Clerval, his dearest companion and friend, Victor states that he was deceived by no vision, realizing that Clerval has

fallen a victim to me and the monster of my creation.

So, there are indications that Victor feels that the creature does things that are solely his own responsibility.  In addition, Victor externalizes the blame again, considering more his personal feelings:

I was unable to pursue the train of thought; a thousand feeling pressed upon me, and I wept bitterly.

As he approaches his marriage to Elizabeth in spite of the threat of the creature who has stated that he will be with him on his wedding day, Victor states that he has taken precautions to defend himself should "the fiend" attach him; he seems to not consider Elizabeth.  After the tragic death of Elizabeth, Victor asserts that

A fiend had snatched from me every hope of future happiness:  no creature had ever been so miserable as I was; so frightful an event is single in the history of man.

And, again Victor places blame mainly upon the creature.  As his father cannot bear the grief of having lost William and now Elizabeth, he, too,dies.  Victor declares,

Cursed, cursed be the fiend that brought misery on his grey hairs, and doomed him to waste in wretchedness! (23)

After this statement, there is none claiming responsibility by Victor.  Instead, he says,

What then became of me?  I know not; I lost sensation, and chains and darkness were the only objects that pressed upon me.(23)

At this point, Victor resolves to pursue the creature in order to stop his murderous acts, still pursuing him as though he were a separate entity from him and not his own creative responsibility.

There are some similarities between Candy and his dog and George and Lennie. In a paragraph explain the similarities.use a quote from the book

There are a lot of similarities here.  I think there are two major ones.  In both cases, one of them relies pretty much completely on the other.  The dog relies on Candy, Lennie relies on George.  Also, in both cases, the one of them has to allow the other one to be killed.

In a lot of ways, the killing of the dog is a foreshadowing of the end of the book.  However, the parallel is not exact.  George learns from how Candy felt.  He doesn't want someone else to kill his "pet."  So, instead, he does it himself.  I think he feels it is kinder to Lennie and I think it makes him feel better than if he let someone else do it.

As for a quote, Candy tells George

I ought to of shot that dog myself, George.  I shouldn't ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog."

I think George hears this in his head as he goes after Lennie.

What literary device is used in this sentence from 'To Kill a Mockingbird'? "If Mr. Finch don't wear you out, I will - get in that house, sir!"

I believe this to contain a colloquialism, or an informal phrase from a certain geographic region.  In this case, "wear you out" means a spanking, and was (possibly still is) used commonly in the southern United States.

Check the link below for more information on this literary term, as well as other important terms that will help your study of other literary works.  Good luck!

How does Meursault explain his nature in The Stranger?

He doesn't explain his nature because he doesn't have a human nature.  He lives his life on his own terms, not according to any nature.  That's the point of the existentialism and absurdism.  Camus' philosophy says that Meursault is born first and defined later; he is not born with a predetermined or socially determined human nature.

Camus champions Muersault to be his absurd hero: to love life, to hate death, and to scorn the gods.  Meursault stands by his choices throughout the novel: he doesn't regret not crying at his mother's funeral ("No one and I said no one had the right to cry for her"); he doesn't regret killing the Arab; and he doesn't regret or feel guilty about telling the Magistrate that he doesn't believe in God.  Having to answer to society's judgments is an act of conformity.

Meursault does not defend himself in court.  In fact, he goes to his death in hopes that a crowd of people will jeer at him as he is guillotined.  He would have lived his life over exactly the same way, with no regrets.  The absurd hero is defined by his actions, not so much his words.  Having to explain one's nature undermines the freedom of choice in the first place, according to Camus.  Man is condemned to be free, and a human nature limits one's choices.

In the story "A Christmas Memory" what might the two kites at the end of the story represent or symbolize?

Friendship is an important theme of the story, the narrator, Buddy, often telling stories about “my friend.” He asks her earlier in the story, “When you're grown up, will we still be friends?" And friends they remain, if only through letters, although through his relationship with her he realizes that the experience of childhood, that innocence and delight, exists only in memory. When Buddy was a child, they made each other kites, and these objects, like many in the story, become symbolic of their friendship.  At the end of the story Buddy hears that she has died, and this news, he says "sever[s] from me an irreplaceable part of myself, letting it loose like a kite on a broken string. That is why, walking across a school campus on this particular December morning, I keep searching the sky. As if I expected to see, rather like hearts, a lost pair of kites hurrying toward heaven.”  The kites again remind him of their friendship, each a heart—symbolic of love—which he will preserve in his memory.

Could you call The Sun Also Rises a satire?

I would not call it a satire because the formal definition of a satire is

"a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn" (merriam-webster.com).

While Hemingway certainly sheds light on and discusses in detail the vices and follies of America's Lost Generation in the novel, he does not ridicule them or scorn them--most likely because he was a member of the Lost Generation himself. Instead of readers hating Brett and Jake, most feel sympathy for them and want them to be able to find happiness rather than jaded cynicism.  While it is, of course, impossible to know Hemingway's motives for creating such characters, it does not seem that he was trying to effect change by writing the novel--that is also the purpose of most satirical works (to encourage the subject of the satire to improve).  Rather, he seems to have written Sun to illustrate why members of his generation fled to Europe and engaged in frivolous lifestyles, perhaps hoping that his readers would better understand him and his peers.

What man seduces Helen resulting in the Greeks going to war with the Trojans?

It is also important to understand that Helen, a Greek, is Menelaus' wife. According to mythology, Paris was actually awarded Helen because she was the most beautiful woman in the world. Aphrodite, the goddess of love, awarded Paris Helen. Unfortunately at the time, she was indeed married.

She is often referred to as Helen of Troy, but that is a misconception. She was Greek. Paris went to get his prize and after being welcomed by both Menelaus and Helen, stole Helen when Menelaus was away from home. Paris took her from Greece to Troy with him. Menelaus alerted his partner Greek kings and their armies joined together to get her.

What role did racial issues and state’s rights play in the evolution of federalism in the post-Civil War era of the late 19th century?

You may or may not recall, but the only the first twelve amendments to the Constitution existed at the end of the Civil War.  These amendment, the Bill of Rights, plus two more, along with the original Constitution, were rights that protected the people from the federal government.  But there was no protection from whatever state governments chose to do.

After the Civil War, since states were not constrained by the Constitution or its amendments, they were able to deprive people of rights with impunity. And the Southern states proceeded to do so, out of anger over the war and prejudice against the now freed African-Americans. They made it impossible or nearly impossible for freed slaves to vote, own property, or be treated like equal citizens in any way whatsoever.  The statutes passed in the Southern states are often referred to as "Jim Crow" laws.

These laws led the federal government to realize that winning the Civil War was a hollow victory if the Southern states could continue to deprive free people of all or most of the attributes of freedom.  Thus, the next amendments established federal control over various freedoms, protecting particularly black American not only from the federal government, but also from the state governments. 

I have provided a link to the Constitution and its amendments.  Look carefully at the dates of the amendments after the Bill of Rights, and you will see how and when federalism evolved. 

Why were the Whigs successful in capturing the presidency in 1840. Aside from tapping a war hero, were there other factors?

The election of 1840 signaled the emergence of a permanent two-party system in the United States. For the next decade, Whigs and Democrats evenly divided the electorate. Although there was much overlapping, both parties attracted distinct constituencies and offered voters a clear choice of programs. The Whigs stood for a “positive liberal state,” which meant active government involvement in society. The Democrats stood for a “negative liberal state,” which meant that the government should intervene only to destroy special privileges. Both parties shared a broad democratic ideology, but the Democrats were the party of the individual, while the Whigs were the party of the community.

In 1840 the Whigs were fully organized and had learned the art of successful politicking. They nominated William Henry Harrison, a non-controversial war hero, and built his image as a common man who had been born in a log cabin. As his running mate, the Whigs picked John Tyler, a former Jacksonian, because he would attract some votes from states'-rights Democrats. Harrison and Tyler beat Van Buren, although the popular vote was close.

The Whigs were also successful because they sponsored large public meetings and made great use of symbolism and imagery. Harrison rode to victory on his slogan “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” and his false image of common log cabin origins. He never stated his goals, nor did the Whig party adapt a platform. Yet voter turnout was the highest ever for a presidential election as 80 percent of the electorate cast a ballot.

How has Macbeth "murdered Sleep?"No

By killing Duncan in his sleep, Macbeth has brought tremendous guilt on himself and imagines he hears a voice saying "Macbeth has murdered sleep!"  He feels he will never sleep again because he destroyed the slumber (and life) of Duncan.  Ironically enough, his wife's sleep is also destroyed by guilt as we see later when she is sleep walking.

What unnatural happenings does Horatio equate with the ghost's appearance?

Horatio compares the ghost's appearance to that of the great days of the Roman empire when Julius Caesar was killed. Horatio recounts that the graves were emptied and the dead walked the streets of Rome shrieking. There was a meteor shower, described as stars with fiery tails, and there were signs threatening the life of the sun and the moon was almost eclipsed, which was also equated with the end of the world. He believes this ghost is just the beginning of these things that will happen to them and that perhaps this ghost is just the pretense to another battle between Hamlet and young Fortinbras, perhaps even the end of the world, and all these "unnatural" happenings. 

In Robert Lipsyte's The Contender, how do the Epsteins treat Alfred after the robbery?

The Contender, by Robert Lipsyte, is the story of a young man named Alfred, a high-school dropout trying to avoid the pitfalls of growing up on the streets of Harlem. Unlike most of his friends, Alfred has a job; he works at a grocery store owned by three brothers named Epstein.

At a party with his "loser" friends on a Friday night, Alfred inadvertently gives them information which prompts Alfred's best friend James to attempt a robbery at the store. The attempt is unsuccessful, but it creates a problem for Alfred both with James and with the Epsteins.

Alfred is beaten up pretty severely by James's other friends, but he does go back to work on Monday. In chapter five, Lou Epstein asks Alfred if he knows anything about the break-in, but Alfred denies knowing anything. The Epsteins want to trust the boy, but it is difficult for them and the store is full of tension. Police investigators arrive and question Epstein, and James walks by and condemns Alfred with a look. Alfred briefly considers turning off the alarm so James can successfully rob the store, but he is distracted by news from Donatelli, his trainer at the gym.

Eventually, the Epsteins support Alfred's boxing career and presumably trust him once more.  

In "A Christmas Carol", what is Scrooge's first request of the Spirit?

When the First Spirit arrived on the scene, Scrooge asked him, "Who and what are you?"  The spirit replied, " I am the Ghost of Christmas Past."  Scrooge asked, Long Past?" The Spirit answered, "No, Your Past." Then Scrooge told the Spirit that he had a desire to see the Spirit in his cap, and the Spirit cries out, "What!, would you so soon put out, with worldly hands, the light I give?  Is it not enough that you are one of those whose passions made this cap and force me, through whole trains of years, to wear it low on my brow?"  The Spirit had a huge stream of light coming from the crown of his head and this was to show Scrooge the past through this light and if it was covered the past couldn't be seen.

In the play Othello, why does Iago hate Cassio so much (besides the fact that Cassio got the job Iago wanted)?

I'd add to sagetreib's excellent answer.Cassio certainly has privilege and he gets what he wants without having to work hard to get it (Iago, in contrast, feels he has to scheme and work for everything he gets). He thinks Cassio has a "daily beauty" in him that makes Iago ugly by comparison. This beauty is his status, and also a general quotidian attractiveness or polish that Cassio possesses that Iago thinks he does not.

For all of his bravado, Iago seems to lack self esteem. He speaks so often of not being inferior to Cassio that we think he must surely feel it. He doesn't seem to have any confidence in what he does have, either, and in his mind, he thinks Cassio is the type of person who could steal from him that which he should have. Just as Iago believes the rumours that Othello slept with Emeila (Iago's wife) without having any evidence that it is true, he also believes that Cassio has slept with Emelia (with a similar lack of evidence). As far as Iago is concerned, Cassio has stolen his position, his security, and his wife. And, to top it all off, he's attractive.***

***If you are of the camp that questions Iago's sexuality, then Cassio's attractiveness adds another possible layer to Iago's hatred... 

Was the character of Odysseus from the Odyssey killed in real life?

The Odysseus of Homer's Odyssey is a mythologized figure. Even if a real Odysseus existed in the time period Homer sings about in his epic poem, and even if the real Odysseus were the king of an island called Ithaca, there is very litttle evidence in the historic records to prove it. 

The Odyssey ends with happiness--Odysseus is finally home in Ithaca after twenty years, reunited with his wife Penelope and his son Telemachus. However, earlier in the epic, during Odysseus's trip to the underworld, he met the blind prophet Tireasis, who told him that he would die a "death from the sea." What this means is unknown. It could refer to an adventure out on sea again, or it could refer to the death described in the Telegony, because his son with Circe comes from the sea in order to find him. 

What is so important about the state of West Virginia? What would happen if it did not exist? why is it valuable?

Many have argued that the Civil War in these United States never answered the question of state secession, in other words, if states could voluntarily leave the Union.  The Constitution in Article IV Section 3 states how states can join the United States, or how states may be re-formed, but nowhere does it state how a state may leave the United States. By virtue of the war, the Confederate States did in fact leave the United States, only to become reestablished after the war.  When secession came, Virginia could hardly complain that its western counties were leaving; Virginia seceded, then West Virginia seceded from Virginia!  West Virgina, by its very existence, argues that at least sections of states can leave states, if not states leaving the Union.  However, a careful reading of the statute indicates that the Secession of West Virginia and its admittance into the Union was technically illegal by Constitutional standards, as Virginia never consented to it becoming a separate state (clearly the Founders never considered the case of part of a state actually becoming part of a whole other country.)

In which ways was the South restored after the Civil War and in which ways was it reconstructed?

When we speak of Reconstruction historically, the period from 1865 - 1877, it is generally regarded as a dismal failure.  Politically, the Union was restored, as the 10% Plan allowed the states to be readmitted into the Union.  Constitutionally, the 13, 14, and 15 amendments were added abolishing slavery and giving free blacks citizenship and some voting rights.

Socially, the southern states responded with the Black Codes, which essentially made blacks into slaves again without calling them that.  The KKK also emerged at that time as a social police force.

The Freedman's Bureau attempted to bring basic literacy to former slaves, but the funding was cut after only seven years, and the vast majority of former slaves were still uneducated.

Thaddeus Stevens called for "40 Acres and a mule" for every freed slave, but that was not adopted, and most "free" blacks ended up as sharecroppers or tenant farmers, without their own land. 

Physically, the South was never fully reconstructed.  The industry was gone, and most of the railroads along with it.  Some economists suggest the South did not recover economically until the 1980's.

Why might a person be attracted to someone whose temperament, personality, or background is different from his or her own?I'd like to know if...

Why do opposites (or merely differences) attract?  Well there are a lot of reasons for it, some commonsense and some psychological.  But the truth is that the "mixing" of folks from different backgrounds, social strata, ethnicities, and locations has gone on from time immemorial.  There is always something alluring about the exotic, and the human interest in the "other" might not only be in the mind-- it is in humanity's best interest to avoid inbreeding, so the exotic mate may be hardwired into our brains to appear attractive. 

But as to Catherine and Heathcliff, though they were separated by a gulf of family and wealth (Heathcliff, an orphan boy, was brought up in the Earnshaw house but had no claim on it or inheritance, or money of his own) I believe it was their very similar thoughts and feelings which brought them together, rather than the differences between them.

Cathy and Heathcliff cared for little else, as children, other than the adventures they could have on the moor.  They were both many times more active and brave than Cathy's brother Hindley.  Both Cathy and Heathcliff were naturally attractive and confident; both of them had the admiration of old Mr. Earnshaw, Cathy's father, and they had little to worry about and become jealous over.  Hindley, however, faced with these two wild children as competition, became cruel and jealous of his father's affection and regard.  Hindley, who of the three had the most legitimate claim to "belong" -- meaning he was the rightful heir of Wuthering Heights, and would always have a place there -- felt the least sense of belonging.  Cathy was somewhat in the middle, and regarded differently because she was a girl, but Heathcliff, the one who was most the "outsider" seemed to feel the most at home.  He was closer with Cathy than Hindley ever was,and had won the love of Old Mr. Earnshaw, rather than having it due him as the right of a natural son, like Hindley.  Heathcliff, an interloper in Hindley's eyes, has everything -- the adoration of the other Earnshaws, the physical prowess, and the overarching confidence -- that Hindley feels is his by right.

Cathy, who could have taken Hindley's side as his biological sister, aligns herself with Heathcliff because she is just like him.  She is confident, physically vital, and sure of herself and of her father's love.  She never worries about being displaced or replaced by Heathcliff in her father's eyes (though she easily could have,) and she is every bit as adventurous and brave as Heathcliff.  It is this similarity of their characters, and their similar attitude towards life (that of a struggle that each of them must win for themselves) which draws them together.

Although Emily Bronte lived her life as a spinster, and there is no information as to whether or not she ever had a suitor of her own, it seems clear to me that Bronte wrote Cathy and Heathcliff as a true-love couple.  Their utter sympathy with each other on everything outside of conventional life -- their fondness for the wilderness, the wild climate, freedom, and solitude -- made them two of a kind.  Cathy had to part with Heathcliff because, as a woman, she had to think of her future and marry Edgar Linton.  The world of convention and the repression of women is what came between Cathy and Heathcliff; not their feelings for each other.

What is the symbolism in chapter 9 of "Lord of the Flies"?i.e. the thunder, Jack's throne, the chant etc.

The absence of the conch represents the absence of civilization. It's in this chapter that the boys give in to their savagery, culminating in Simon's brutal death. Simon is pure and represents humanity at its best, while Jack is the opposite. Simon's purity allows him to recognize the beast for what it is. Because Jack and his group have allowed their evil sides to overtake them, they are frightened by the beast and don't see it as anything but evil. The Lord of the Flies, the sow's head, symbolizes how powerful evil is, so powerful that the boys, representing society, succumb to evil rather than good. Like Satan, the Lord of the Flies is able to bring the boys to evil. Simon, the only pure soul, is Jesus, trying to save the other boys from themselves.

What does it take to convince Telemachus of his fathers identity?

I think that you are talking about what happens in Book XVI.

Odysseus is disguised as a beggar at the beginning of this chapter (Athena has disguised him).  He has been hanging out in the hut of Eumaeus, the swineherd.  Telemachus comes to see Eumaeus.  After a while, Athena decides that it is time for Odysseus to reveal himself to his son and she takes off the magic disguise.

But even when she does this, Telemachus thinks Odysseus is a god.  What it takes is for Odysseus to tell Telemachus that it is not strange that he should be there -- he tells his son that Athena was the one who disguised him and changed him back.  That convinces Telemachus, though I'm not sure why it would...

Here's the passage:

What you wonder at is the work
of the redoubtable goddess Minerva, who does with me whatever
she will, for she can do what she pleases. At one moment she
makes me like a beggar, and the next I am a young man with good
clothes on my back; it is an easy matter for the gods who live
in heaven to make any man look either rich or poor."

As he spoke he sat down, and Telemachus threw his arms about his
father and wept.

Identify the elements of Symbolism in "The Second Coming" by William Butler Yeats. Thanks a million.

shahrzadeh,

Yeats's "THE SECOND COMING" is vastly rich in symbolism. Diction such as "gyre, "falcon," "the blood-dimmed tide," "the ceremony of innocence," and "the worst who are full of passionate intensity" symbolize important aspects of Yeats’s theory of cycles in history.

Yeats also uses capital letters for the “Second Coming” because the term is connected to the putative second coming of Christ, which traditionally is to begin a thousand-year cycle of divine rule, after which there will be a Day of Judgment. The title is used ironically here because the second coming described in the poem is the ushering in of a period of war and rumors of war, with no salvation in sight.

In falconry, the falcon is controlled by the falconer, who symbolizes order and control. The “desert birds,” by contrast, are without order at all. They are opportunists who seek carrion, which symbolizes the qualities of the new and forthcoming age of war and violence.

The sphinx in the story of Oedipus, for example, was a creature that held the population of Thebes in check through violence. The significance and symbolism of the second coming of such a beast is that it will go to Bethlehem, the traditional birthplace of Christ, and be born to initiate an age of repression and violence, as was evidenced in the World War which had just concluded before Yeats wrote “The Second Coming.”

What is panorama and scene, plot, climax, symbolism? I also need the meanings of conclusion, theory of credibility and illusion, theory of...

This is quite a list you've got here. It would help to know if this is in reference to theater or literature, but let's see if we can at least make a dent in the whole. Starting with panorama and scene, we'll say the panorama is to scene what a banana tree is to a banana. Random House Dictionary and American Heritage Dictionary (at Dictionary.com) define panorama, as it may pertain to literary works, as the unfolding of individual parts that make up one continuous event. The "event" in reference to literary works would, of course, be the whole work or a part or chapter thereof. This whole event, this panorama, is made up of individual parts called scenes (banana tree [whole panorama] to banana [an individual part]). A scene in a play is a technical term identifying a subdivision of an act: acts are normally comprised of three or more scenes. In literature, a scene would designate a unified portion of a section of text. For example, in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, in the section where Elizabeth re-encouters Mr. Darcy, the scene in which Elizabeth leaves Pemberley and stands at the bridge is followed by the scene in which a horseman rides up.

Plot is a structured format in which the conflict of a story is presented, complicated, brought to crisis and resolved. Conflict is the chief element of plot: plot exists for framing conflict. Another element of plot is the inciting force, that which triggers, or incites, the conflict. Climax, yet another element of plot is the key moment at which the ultimate crisis occurs and the hero or heroine acts decisively to initiate the final outcome. Often it is the point of greatest emotion but this is not necessarily so, therefore emotionality is not a defining concept in climax. While it may be the most emotional moment, climax is defined as the moment at which the final results are determined. For instance, in a story about people trying to survive, there may be one medicinal remedy and two people who need it. The heroine may, in a quiet moment while alone in the infirmary, decide that the other person needs to survive more than she herself does and so quietly give herself a lethal does of a different medicine. This moment is devoid of heightened emotion; the heroine is acting altruistically and logically without observable emotion. Nonetheless it is the climax of the story; it is the point at which the final outcome is determine: the other person will live.

Symbolism is the use of symbols. Symbols are readily recognized objects, places or ideas, etc. that stand for more complex objects, places, ideas, etc. For example, the Himalaya mountains may stand for spirituality because monks live in the Himalayas. Or the Himalaya may also stand for purity because they are high up above the rest of the world and surrounded by pure air. Using symbols in plays and literature reduces complex ideas that would take a long time to explain to simple images or words, which insures that a literary experience remains more like a literary experience than a lecture in Philosophy 101. Symbols are also used because readers and audiences think more about symbols than about lectures, which draws the reader or audience more deeply into the literature or play provoking them to reach conclusions through their own thought. One symbol you are familiar with is the red cross on a white flag representing the Red Cross organization which is a complex international charitable organization devoted to rescuing and giving medical aid to people in times of war, famine, catastrophe, etc. The symbol says all that without all those words....

How are respiration and fermentation similar and how are they different?

Similarity:

1. Both are bilogical oxidation reactions.

2. Respiration biological process which means complete oxidation of the reduced substrate to carbon dioxide and water.

3. Fermentation is also a biological process of substrate oxidation but incompletely. The products of fermentation are acetate, lactate, carbondioxde, etc.

Differnces

1. Respiration yields more energy, while fermentation provides less energy.

2. Respration is an aerobic process, while fermentation occurs under anaerobic conditions.

In Brave New World, how does the community influence the attitude and values of Lenina Crowne? Thank you so much if any help is given. I do know...

In Chapter 3 of "Brave New World," Lenina Crowne is introduced to the reader as she rises in the elevator to the GIRLS' DRESSING ROOM where she talks with her friend, Fanny, whose surname is also Crowne.  After she returns from the shower, Lenina and Fanny chat; Lenina tells Fanny that she is going out that night with Henry Foster.  Fanny is appalled that Lenina is continuing to date Henry Foster and no one else as long as four months.

Lenina blushed scarlet; but her eyes, the tone of her voice remained defiant.  'No, there hasn't been any one else,' she answerd almost truculently.  'And I jolly well don't see why there should have been.

Fanny mocks Lenina, and she urges her to be careful:

It's such horribly bad form to go on and on like this with one man.  At forty, or thirty-five, it wouldn't be so bad.  But at your age, Lenina!  No, it really won't do.  And you know how strongly the D.H.C. objects to anything intense or long-drawn.  Four month of Henry Foster, without having another man--why, he'd be furious if he knew....

Interspersed with the action of Chapter 3 is the philosophical look at the world by Mustapha Mond.  His choice of words for family make pre-modern life "a seething brew of monogamy," a state forbidden in the New World where "everyone belongs to everyone else."  Because of this social rule to which they have been conditioned, Fanny scolds Lenina for only dating one man steadily.  Even though she admits that she, too, does not always feel like going from man to man, they must conform to the social standards, standards that they have been conditioned to accept.  Of course, Fanny tells Lenina, she can date Henry, but Lenina should "have somebody else from time to time, that's all....there's the Director to think of. Nodding, Lenina says,

'He patted me on the behind this afternoon."

"There, you see!' Fanny was triumphant.  'That shows what he stands for. The strictest conventionality.

Lenina is made to feel guilty because she breaks the rule of having multiple partners, instead displaying a somewhat emotional interest in Bernard, an odd fellow that spends much time alone (Fanny is horrified), and  whose reputation is looked at askance by others. 

In addition, because of her conditioning, Lenina makes an automatic comment about the other caste, the Gammas, that she sees from the helicopter as she and Henry Foster go to play Obstacle Golf:

'My word,' said Lenina, 'I'm glad I'm not a Gamma.'  

Is Capital Punishment an acceptable means of achieving lower murder rates?Is capital punishment going against human rights?

Human beings have a right to life, but the issue of Capital Punishment being used as a form of consequence for murder is a difficult decision.

Capital punishment does not really work as a deterrent to prevent murder.  The majority of murders are committed during emotionally charged moments and occur between people who are familiar with one another.  During an emotionally charged moment impulse control is less likely to kick in and that is why the person is not able to process the idea that "if I kill this person I will be put to death."  Therefore, the fear of one’s own death is not present at the time.

Another problem in using the death penalty to deter murder is that many murders are committed by someone under the influence of drugs or alcohol.  The person's state of mind is less likely to be considering consequences for his actions as it would be reacting to the stimulus in the environment and situation that he is in at the time of the murder.

In the case of serial killers, the drive that motivates them is so deeply innate that consequences for their actions are not a deterrent.

Capital punishment is not an effective means for preventing murder, but it is an effective means of punishment for murder and serves to eliminate society from serial killers such as Ted Bundy.  Ted Bundy while incarcerated had managed to escape and kill more women during his escape.  His death ended his reign of terror and the risk of harm to others.

(I am quoting facts that I have learned through sociology classes and do not state an opinion for nor against capital punishment.)

What was the effect of the solitary reaper's song on the poet (William Wordsworth) in the poem "The Solitary Reaper" ?

The poem is made up of four stanzas. In the first stanza, Wordsworth sets the scene for the readers. He asks us to observe the Highland girl busily reaping the ripe grain  and singing to herself. He asks us to pause and listen to the song which fills the entire valley,or quietly leave the place without disturbing her.

In the second stanza, Wordsworth tells us that  her beautiful song was more  refreshing than  the melodious song of the nightingale which welcomed the weary travellers as soon as they arrived at an oasis and that her song was more pleasing than the cuckoo's song which signalled the end of the harsh winter season and the beginning of spring.

Wordsworth uses two images--"word pictures"--to describe how refreshing and reinvigorating it was to listen to the melodious song of "the solitary reaper."

1. A group of exhausted travellers when crossing the scorchingly hot Arabian desert arrive at a nearby oasis to refresh themselves. As soon as they enter this cool and shady retreat, they first hear the melodious song of the nightingale and immediately they feel revitalised. The tuneful and pleasant song of the bird drives away all their feelings of exhaustion. Similarly, Wordsworth remarks that he was also revitalised when he heard the "melancholy strain" of 'the solitary reaper.'

2. In England during the bitterly cold winter season all the birds migrate to warmer countries in the tropics. They return to England at the beginning of the spring season which marks the end of winter. Traditionally, it is the cuckoo which first returns to England in spring and as soon as the people hear the melodious sound of the cuckoo bird they are thrilled and delighted because they know that the harsh winter season has ended. The Hebrides are a group of small islands in the remote North West coast of Scotland. The winter season in the "farthest Hebrides" was always extremely harsh and the sound of the cuckoo bird signalling the end of winter was specially significant. In the same manner, the song of the solitary reaper was special to Wordsworth.

Since Wordsworth could not understand Gaelic, the language of the reaper, he impatiently asks whether someone could tell him what she was singing about. By doing so he sparks our imagination as to what she could be singing about.

Will no one tell me what she sings?--

Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow

For old, unhappy, far-off things,

And battles long ago:

Or is it some more humble lay,

Familiar matter of to-day?

Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,

That has been, and may be again?"

Soon,Wordsworth leaves the scene concluding  that although he could not understand what she was singing about nevertheless he could always remember the melodious tune of her song:"The music in my heart I bore/Long after it was heard no more."

Wordsworth wonders whether she is singing about the past - about some sorrowful incident of the past, like a defeat in a battle OR about some unhappy incident in the present which may be repeated again in the future. The important thing to remember is that whether it is the past, the present or the future Wordsworth is convinced that what she is thinking about is sad and sorrowful which is echoed in the melancholic tone of her melody.

The words 'single' 'solitary' and 'alone' have been foregrounded. 'Single'implies that she is the only person in the valley; 'solitary' hints at the melancholy mood of the poem and 'alone' refers to the fact that there is no one to help her.

Where does the myth about Hot Steams originate outside of the book, and how can it be put into an essay?The part that I am talking about is in...

Jem, Scout and Dill were deeply involved with their fantasies about Boo Radley in Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, when Jem told Scout that "you act like you believe in Hot Steams."

    "What's a Hot Steam?" asked Dill.
    "... A Hot Steam's somebody who can't get to heaven, just wallows around on lonesome roads, an' if you walk through him, when you die, you'll be one, too...

Jem actually explained it pretty well. Hot Steams are supposedly the ghosts or spirits of people that can't get into Heaven, so they are forced to walk the Earth forever. According to one source, the term may have originated from multiple accounts of ghosts being seen in the area of hot springs or geysers. If you recall the movie, Ghost, there were several examples who hung around trains, another form of steam. 

In Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, how does the Pardoner's appearance reflect his inner depravity?

The Pardoner's appearance reflects his inner depravity in several ways.  He had hair "yellow as wax"  that hung "lankly" on is head, "thin and droopy" which reflected his spiritual state: "thin and droopy."  He is "disheveled" and his eyes are "shiny" and are compared to a rabbits eyes.  Again this reflects his inner state: he is like an animal, not a human.  His voice "bleated like a goat."  Sinners and those serving Satan are often compared to goats in the Bible and I believe that Chaucer is using a similar comparison to again show the Pardoner's depraved spiritual state.  Finally, he had no beard and seemed to be not a true man; but a "gelding or a mare."  This again shows his inner state. He is not a man; and has not the spirit, courage, or integrity of a man.  Chaucer uses the physical description of the pardoner to draw a picture of one with no true spiritual life and no real connection to the God he claims to serve.

What is each juror's definition of democracy, justice, and social responsibility?

Part of the problem here is that none of the jurors are given names--only numbers.  It makes keeping them straight in your mind very difficult. 

The best way to answer this is to make yourself a 12-column chart--one column for each juror, and in each one, take notes on his ideas of democracy, justice, and social responsibility.  Those born in the USA might not have as strong an opinion about democracy as those who have recently become citizens. 

Each of the jurors have different sitatuations and backgrounds, as well as how invested he is in finding the real truth.  One has tickets to a concert and just wants to come to an agreement, no matter the consequences.  One comes from the "other side of the tracks" and knows how to properly use a knife.  He actually pulls one out of his pocket that is so similar to the murder weapon--said to be unique--that the others are shocked into silence for a few minutes.  Another questions the timing of the train and the accuracy of the woman's testimony due to her eyesight.  Those who disagree the most are truly the ones who get down to the business of showing reasonable doubt which makes the others finally change their votes and leads to an acquittal for the defendent. 

What is the most important event that happens on Act 2 scene 1 in the book Romeo and Juliet and why?I read the scene in original and modern version...

I'll see if I can help you with your question concerning Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Act 2.1.  The most important event in this scene is one that isn't actually mentioned.  A reader, rather than a viewer who is watching the play, may not even realize the event occurs until the beginning of the next scene.  Plus, your understanding of the scene may depend on what version you're reading from.  You mention that you read the play in the "original" and the "modern" versions, so I'll quote the "original" from a book that contains both, the Barron's version:

Scene 2

Capulet's Orchard. Enter Romeo

That's your clue, your evidence.  In Act 2.1 when Romeo speaks his two lines:

Can I go forward when my heart is here?

Turn back, dull earth, and find thy centre out.

he is standing in a lane (street) by the wall of the Capulet orchard.  He then disappears from the sight of his friends as they arrive.  When they leave and scene one ends and scene two begins, Romeo is now in the orchard.  Since his friends would not have been on Capulet property yelling and making jokes as they were, we can infer where Romeo goes when he disappears, and where he goes is the most important event of Act 2.1:  he jumps the wall and goes into the Capulet's orchard.  Juliet comes out on her balcony and we have the famous balcony scene. 

Romeo tells himself, figuratively, to "turn back" and jumps the wall.  If he walks away we have no romance, no play, no tragedy.

It's difficult to know this when you're only reading the play.  You would have understood it if you were watching actors perform the play.  I hope this helps.

What age is appropriate to start reading "The Veldt"?

An interesting question. The editors of the magazines Bradbury published in took care to not improperly influence the young, and their readership was quite young. Given that, and the earlier age at which children are exposed to things today, I would say early adolescence--12 to 13. That is old enough to not be frightened by what they read...but young enough to remember being like the kids in the story.

How does the narrator use adjectives and descriptive phrases to convey his feelings of awe and intimidation regarding the character he describes?

This passage is from an early section of Willa Cather's novel My Antonia, in which Jim Burden is first introduced to the character of Otto Fuchs. Jim is just a boy and is new to Nebraska, having just arrived by train from Virginia, and this new man impresses him to no end. Jim later learns that Otto is much nicer than he first appears.

Of course, all that information really doesn't answer your question! The previous poster's comments are good. I want to add that Jim's description of Otto shows Jim's boyishness. He compares Otto to a character from one his storybooks (Jessie James) and describes him using familiar stereotypes of the frontier (the desperado and the Indian).

Please answer these questions concerning the plot of The Crucible.Why are some people, including John Proctor, inclined to stay away from Sabbath...

Reverend Parris is not a well-liked man in town.  Many believe that  he is a hypocrite - although he is a minister, he is concerned with appearances and material wealth.  Because they do not trust him as a neighbor, people like John Proctor don't want to be ministered by him.

Ann Putnam blames Goody Osburn and Rebecca Nurse both for the death of her babies.

Hale believes that the Devil will only attack the house of a moral person, because it would not make sense to attack the house of a soul he already had.  Parris, as a reverend, is a perfect target.

How were women characters portrayed in 20th century literature (novel and plays)?

Women characters are portrayed in all sorts of ways in 20th-century literature. Of course, there are trends that can be identified and discussed.

The nineteenth-century (Victorian) ideal of "the angel in the house" is not dead, but it's much more commonly the case to see in 20th-century literature women who have minds and lives of their own. The 20th century did not invent the idea that women should have equal rights, of course, nor the idea that injustices against women should be the topic of literature. (For example, some ancient Greek plays can seem amazingly modern on these topics.) What 20th-century literature does often offer is more direct and open and frequent presentation of these ideas. Women are not as frequently presented as the "shrew," are more frequently presented as fully human (e.g. with fantasies and sexual desires of their own), and so on.

These changes are due in part, I'm sure, to voting rights being extended to women in the early 20th century in many countries, to women's more general access to education, and to the continued growth in the number of women writers.

What is significant about the title of the book ''Night"?

Night is a driving symboL for the author.  It is night when most of the significan events happen. Weisle's own struggle with his experience evoke the connatations of darkness. Ellie first expereinces darkness when he realizes that his mentor is ineffective in his warning to the Jews.  Weizel's loss of faith, his witnessing of sensless death, his horrendous 40-mile run in the night-time escape, the screaming woman on the train, who, in the darkenss of night sees the hopless future of the women and children who will not surive, the "night" of the loss of faith, the night of the destruction of varios imortant people in Ellie's life, but MOST SIGNIFICANTLY, the darkness that surrounds the plight of the Jewish in the face of not only the Nazi abomination, but also in the "giving up" of the Jews. as a result of the inability to believe that such a horror could possibly touch, reach, disaffect, and, ultimately destroy many of them.  It is the NIGHT of man's destruction against man.

What are the plot complications in "A Doll's House"?

The conflict of the story is Nora's crime of forgery and the threat that Krogstad poses when he announces he is going to tell Torvald about the loan.  Nora wants to keep her husband and her marriage happy.  She understands that Torvald will be upset because she took a loan, something which his is against; she doesn't understand that Torvald will be so upset about his reputation.

Nora may have been able to keep things under wraps.  She may have been able to convince Torvald to keep Krogstad on at the bank, which would keep her secret.  However, complications arise.  Mrs. Linde, Nora's friend, arrives and wants the job.  Torvald is inclined to give it to her.  Another complication is Krogstad and Torvald's history.  They knew each other in school days and Torvald is biased against him from past history.  Torvald knows of Krogstad's past indiscretions, and Torvlad resents the familiarity with which Krogstad still addresses him.  Things come to a head, and Torvald reveals his concern - not for Nora - but for his status.  Though the marriage might still have survived Nora's crime, Torvald's revelation alerts Nora to her own unhappiness, and she leaves in the end.

What are some ways in the story that the masses of people are controlled by using religion and fear?

We do not really see the masses being controlled in the play.  It is really more implied -- not stated.  We only can see that control implied in the actions of the people that we see in the play.

Perhaps one of the most obvious examples of this is what happens to the people who sign the petition that John Proctor brings to court.  Danforth orders that all of the people who signed it should be arrested.  This would surely tend to control people through fear -- they would not want to expose themselves to that kind of trouble so they would try to go along with what the authorities want.

When I think of control through religion, I think of using religious belief to make people want to obey the authorities.  I don't see that going on in this play.  What I see is religion being used as a source of authority -- the court is meeting because the church has the authority to punish people who do not act according to what it says.  But to me, this is just using fear to enforce religion, not using religion to control people.

Regarding Frankenstein, what does it mean to be a being?Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein"

In Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein," the young student of natural philosophy and science, Victor Frankenstein, becomes obsessed with acquiring as much knowledge as he can.  In so doing, he discovers that with his acquirement of knowledge, he has a power, the power to bestow animation; consequently, he begins "the creation of a human being."  However, after having given life to a creature on a "dreary night of November," horror and disgust fills Frankenstein's heart when he beholds what he has given life:

Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room, and continued a long time traversing my bedchamber, unable to compose my mind to sleep.

Victor Frankenstein calls his creature a "being" because, although it has life, it is not a human being.  The word being is a noun formed from the verb to be, which means to exist.  Thus being means something having life, something that exists.

Who discovered cinnamic acid which is the most used method of preparation on industrial scale?

Cinnamic acid is found both in free form, and especially in the form of esters (ethyl, Cinnamyl, benzyl), in various essential oils, resins and balsams,oil of cinnamon, balsam of Peru, of Tolu, vanilla extract etc..

It was observed Trommsdorf first time in 1780,in oil of cinnamon, but it was confused with benzoic acid. Its structure was established by Dumas and Peligot in 1835, and the first synthesis from benzaldehyde and acetyl chloride was made by Bertagnini in 1856. The process became a classic, the synthesis from benzaldehyde and it was prepared by Perkin in 1877.

The most used method of preparation of cinnamic acid  on an industrial scale, is the synthesis Perkin. It also is used on an industrial scale the Knoevenagel method from benzaldehyde and Malonic acid in the presence of amines (pyridine or benzyl amine), or process from benzylidene chloride and excess of sodium acetate at 180 ... 200C.

What sympathy does the writer convey for Walter in this play and why?

Hansberry feels sympathy for her character, Walter, for a number of reasons.  An African-American herself, she personally watched men struggle with issues of racism that kept them working in subserviant jobs.  Also, Hansberry was raised by parents who were very progressive and politically active.   Engendering a proud racial identity was something Hansberry frequently championed  in her work. 

As for the her character, Walter longs for the respect and opportunities that white Americans enjoy for himself, his son, and his wife.  In Act 2.2, he dreams aloud,  saying:  "You wouldn’t understand yet, son, but your daddy’s gonna make a transaction . . . a business transaction that’s going to change our lives. . . . That’s how come one day when you ‘bout seventeen years old I’ll come home . . . I’ll pull the car up on the driveway . . . just a plain black Chrysler, I think, with white walls—no—black tires . . . the gardener will be clipping away at the hedges and he’ll say, “Good evening, Mr. Younger.” And I’ll say, “Hello, Jefferson, how are you this evening?” And I’ll go inside and Ruth will come downstairs and meet me at the door and we’ll kiss each other and she’ll take my arm and we’ll go up to your room to see you sitting on the floor with the catalogues of all the great schools in America around you. . . . All the great schools in the world!"

Why is Benjamin Franklin referred to as a renaissance man?

The term "Renaissance Man" was born out of the trend back in the 14th-15th century for society to have a go at all sorts of interests: science, arts, literature, music, architecture, religion, history. This is a period renowned for the exquisite passion that was shown for all things equally, which is the reason why today we can enjoy the works of its major proponents: Michaelangelo, Da Vinci, Bramante, and the fascinating Italian and French projects.

Hence, by idiomatic definition, a "Renaissance Man" (or woman) is an individual who as a diversity of focal points which he or she wants to improve and excel.

Ben Franklin not only dwelved in the sciences with the creation of the house rods to detour lightning, the stove, bifocals, and the Poor Richard's almanac, but he was also a brilliant politician, a conversation maker, a charmer, an advocate, drawer, first class womanizer ;)  and a historian of the first class.

Maybe you are, yourself, a Renaissance woman or man, if you have a tendency to diversify your interests and make them your own personal projects.

Compare and contrast the poems The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake

Blake's "The Lamb" and "The Tyger" are known as companion poems, with the first appearing in Blake's Songs of Innocence and the second appearing in Songs of Experience. 

The speaker of "The Lamb" is a child.  He is innocent and naive.  He perceives the lamb as a reflection of the creator.  The diction, or word choice, demonstrates the speaker's worldview:  delight, bright, tender, rejoice, mild.

"The Tyger" presents an alternative perspective.  This speaker is experienced.  He presents another side of creation and the creator.  The poem presents a similar situation--the creation of nature--from an opposite viewpoint.  The diction reveals this:  fearful, Burnt, dare, seize, "twist the sinews," dread, hammer, chain, furnace, "deadly terror clasp." 

Together, the poems present two sides of the same creator.  The tiger is a killer, but he is not evil in the traditional sense--he is just another side of creation, as well as another side of the creator. 

"The Tyger" is also more complex, reflecting the point of view.  Allusions and metaphors are abundant, for instance.

Do you think children with low ph have high risk in dental caries? And what do you think will happen to the child if he/she has high ph level?what...

In 1950, it was clearly demonstrated, by animal conducted studies, the occurrence of cavities process is caused by bacteria which,in their absence, do not appear,whatever the type of food ingested would be. Rats, without oral bacteria, have not made cavities, although their food was containing sucrose, while rats with oral bacteria have made cavities , receiving the same type of food.

Research has shown that bacteria feed on sugars and produce acids present in food, their metabolic byproducts. These acids dissolve tooth enamel and start the evolution cavities process. The speed of the development of cavity processes differs from one person to another, depending on many factors.

Bacteria in dental plaque need a tiny amount of carbohydrates to produce acids.Raisins, crackers or white bread, which are in the oral cavity in sufficient quantity to produce acids, for a time equal to or even higher than milk chocolate or caramels, becoming more sticky than they. Sticky feature is different in the oral cavity compared tactile sensation.They say that chocolate and caramels contain soluble sugars and are quickly removed by saliva than other foods such as bread, which is not easily removed by saliva and thereby adhere to a longer period of teeth.

Moreover, studies by which was measured bacterial plaque pH, showed that drinks that give the feeling that leaving the mouth quickly, maintain a pH level, similar to that of many solid foods, for a long period of time .

In elderly people, blood pH is closer to the lower end (the blood becomes more acidic), and in children is more increased, which favors the growth phenomena. The pH is low in the morning, because the respiratory center excitability decreases during the night and carbon dioxide accumulates. He also falls in physical effort by an excess of lactic acid formation, as well as during intestinal digestion. Increased during gastric digestion because of loss of H + in gastric juice. PH deviations outside the limits mentioned cause serious disturbances and even death

In act 5 scene 3 of Romeo and Juliet by ShakespeareWho is suspected the most of murder and why?

Until the Friar professes his guilt, Romeo is suspected of murder since his dagger with blood is found near Juliet. However, after the suspects are gathered and each testifies, with the Friar confessing knowledge of all, there are many who are guilty.  For, the true villain in Shakespeare's tragedy, Romeo and Juliet, is the impulsiveness of the characters.

Had Romeo and Juliet not rushed into love, had Romeo not interfered with the quarrel of Mercutio, had Juliet not reacted so hysterically to her father's orders, had the Nurse not foolishly encouraged Juliet to just marry Paris instead of informing her parents, had Friar Laurence not assumed that he could always right things and secretly acted in the marriage and the giving of an elixir to Juliet, had Romeo not assumed that Juliet was dead, and had Friar Laurence not rushed out of the Capulet tomb, assuming Juliet would follow, much of the tragic action could have been averted.  The impulsiveness of these characters makes them all culpable for "the story of more woe of Juliet and her Romeo" (V,iii,309-310).  For this reason, "All are punished"(V,iii,295).

What is the difference between shakespeare style of writing sonnets and that of the italian sonnets?

The term "sonnet" is derived from the Provençal word "sonnet" and "sonetto" Italian word, both meaning song. From the thirteenth century has come to signify a poem of fixed form of fourteen lines that follow a very specific rhyme scheme and a logical structure. These features have changed over time.

Italian sonnet

Italian sonnet rules set by Guittone Arezzo (1235-1294), who wrote almost 300 sonnets. Other Italian poets of his time,including  Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) and Guido Cavalcanti (c. 1250-1300) wrote sonnets, but the most famous sonetist was Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374).

In its original form , Italian sonnet is divided into an octave of eight lines (formed by two quatrains) followed by a sextet of six verses (composed of two minor thirds). Quatrains were stating a proposal or an interrogation and minor thirds were offering a solution with a clear break between the two. The eight verses were rhyming after structure a-b-b-a, a-b-b-a. At Minor thirds,  there were two possibilities for c-d-e-c-d-e or c-d-c-c-d-c. With time, other variations of rhyme began to be used. Usually the ninth line was creating a turn, a volta, which indicates a change in topic or tone.

The first sonnets in English by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surry,were using the scheme of the Italian sonnet,as well as the sonnets written by later authors as John Milton, Thomas Gray, William Wordsworth and Elizabeth Barrett Browning.

However, these poets often ignore the logical structure of the sonnet. English poets use another metric foot, which is an iambic pentameter, an equivalent of what was commonly used for Petrarca's sonnets in the Roman languages such as Italian, French, Spanish or Romanian. Another important representative of the Italian sonnet is Michelangelo:with a form sometimes less successful, his sonnets impressed by the force of expressed inner feelings.

English sonnet

Soon after the introduction of the Italian sonnet, English poets began to develop their own formula. Among them , were included Sir Philip Sidney, Michael Drayton, Samuel Daniel and William Shakespeare. This formula often has the name of Shakespeare. The structure is consisting of three stanzas of four lines (quatrains) and a couplet of two lines. Couplet usually bring a sudden change of themes or imagery. Usual rhyme scheme was a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g.

What is the relationship between Scout and Miss Caroline in Chapter 2?

Miss Caroline and Scout had a student-teacher relationship in chapter two of To Kill a Mockingbird. Their relationship was a tumultuous one, as they did not understand one another. On the first day of school, before the day was even close to being over, Miss Caroline "hauled [Scout] up to the front of the room and patted the palm of [her] hand with a ruler, then made [her] stand in the corner until noon." Miss Caroline thought that Scout was being impertinent and a liar because the child told her that no one taught her to read. Miss Caroline did not understand that Scout was telling the truth, and Scout did not understand why Miss Caroline would treat her so. Later, Scout tried to explain to her teacher that she was making Walter Cunningham feel ashamed by offering to loan him money for lunch. Miss Caroline thought that Scout was trying to cause trouble, and this was when she finally decided to punish her.

Miss Caroline was a young teacher with little experience. As Scout left the classroom, she saw the woman "bury her head in her arms." Scout admitted that she "would have felt sorry for her" if she had not treated her so badly.

What did Martin Luther King Jr. mean when he said, "Freedom was never voluntarily given by the oppressor"?

King means that those who are in control, never voluntarily give up that control.  Whether you consider the English in India, ante-bellum plantation owners in the American South, or whites in apartheid South Africa, those in control do not willingly give up their power.

By implication, King applies this to civil-rights era America.  "White" America will not voluntarily give civil rights to "black" America.  They will have to in some way be made to give blacks civil rights.

Describe ways in which computers and other technology might affect a country's GDP? List 4 ways or more. Elaborate a little on each of your entries.

Computers and other technology in general would usually tend to increase a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

First, a company might produce computers.  If it did, the computers would be counted as part of its GDP (when they are sold as new computers).

Second, having lots of computers could cause other kinds of businesses to spring up.  You might come to have computer repair people or internet service providers where you did not used to have such things.

Third, you might use the computers to increase productivity in other businesses.  If this happened, GDP would go up because the companies would run more efficiently.

What picture is created by the use of the word "tattered" in the poem "Sailing to Byzantium" by W.B. Yeats?

The words "a tattered coat upon a stick" suggest a scarecrow. The coat is worn out, and it will become more tattered as it hangs in a field in all kinds of weather. The coat is hanging on a stick because it is tattered, and it is tattered because it is flapping on a stick in the wind. If a man is old enough and feeble enough his appearance will actually be rather frightening, because he is the living image of what everyone who sees him is destined to become if he or she manages to live as long. He is of no use to society anymore. He is just taking up space. It really doesn't matter what country he is leaving. Any country is no country for old men. The only interest others can have in him is wondering when he will die. Old people are often poor and wear clothing that is worn out and even patched. Or else they have become so forgetful that they are unaware of what they look like. Their clothes are usually long out of fashion, but they either don't realize this or else don't care. Hanging on a stick also suggests the emaciated look that some old people acquire from the illnesses and physical wasting that accompany old age.

When Yeats writes, "...unless / Soul clap its hands and sing, and louder sing / For every tatter in its mortal dress," he is suggesting that the soul has no accompaniment for its singing but the clapping of its own hands. This is a sign of the poverty that often accompanies old age.

By "sailing to Byzantium," Yeats means escaping from reality into the world of art. In his case this would mean escaping into the creation of lyric poetry. Many poets have used their work to escape their spiritual suffering. John Keats is a good example. He was haunted by the fear of death, and he often uses his painful emotions as the subject matter for his poems. Yeats would like to forget about himself completely and to become metamorphized into a work of art. This is made more apparent when he writes:

O sages standing in God's holy fire
As in the gold mosaic of a wall...

He is saying the exact opposite of what most people would see in Byzantine mosaics. They would see the gold mosaics representing the sages standing in a holy fire, whereas Yeats sees them as real, living saints standing in a real holy fire which just happens resembles a gold mosaic. This is the transformation Yeats would like to achieve for himself through his imagination and his art. The only escape from the pains and fears of old age is into the world of art.

Once out of nature I shall never take
My bodily form from any natural thing...

He actually believes he can escape from nature and from death by transforming himself into a beautiful work of art. In a sense, he has succeeded, because he died long ago but has left the best part of himself behind in his transcendent poetry.

What do you think about the groups that don't believe the Holocaust happened?

It is my belief that many people allow themselves to be blinded based on what they chose to be the truth.  I had the bad experience while living in Germany to meet several German mothers at a park one day.  My children were playing and I was studying a book on the Holocaust for a class that I was taking at a German University.  One of the women stated to me,” You don't believe that rubbish, do you?"  I then explained to her that it had happened.  I told her I had even visited the camps.  I did not want her to know my parents were Holocaust survivors at the time.  The other woman proceeded to tell me how wonderful Hitler had been to the Germans and that he only had taken from the Jews what had belonged to the Germans but the Jews had been sent to other countries to live.  I was amazed that they truly believed this.

I have read about the leader of Iran and his statements, but I know that there is no changing the mind of an individual who refuses to see. 

 The truth is validated by public records, artifacts, and the many survivors who shared their stories about their family members and their own lives during the Holocaust.  People like my parents  (Holocaust survivors) spent years telling their stories in schools and teaching about the love of humanity in an effort to prevent further atrocities.  We can not change the way other people chose to think, we can only share what we know and the rest is up to them.

What is the rising action (include conflict) in Black Beauty?

Since the rising action of the plot of a narrative involves the onset of a problem, in "Black Beauty" by Anna Sewell this problem occurs after Beauty has been purchased by the Gordons of Birtwick Hall.  There Beauty experiences an idyllic existence, but when Mrs. Gordon's poor health forces her and her husband to move, Beauty and Ginger are sold to Earshall Park where the mistress insists upon using the bearing rein, a painful device that forces the horses' head up while they pull her carriage.  Of course, this conflict is an external one as the horses are victimized by the owner.  When the Earl of Earshall and his family go to London, the Lady Anne rides Beauty, but on another ride she tries another horse.  This time she is thrown, but Beauty races for help and is lauded as a hero.  The horse feels that it has settled back to a comfortable life, but on one night the drunken stable hand takes him on a dangerous route and Beauty falls, scarring his knees.  Because his appearance is marred, the horse is sold as a livery animal and is subjected to much misuse.  Beauty suffers several turns of fortune as he is overworked and mistreated.  But, finally, he is bought at an auction where the horse is recognized by Joe Green and put out to pasture to live out his life in contentment.

After the American Revolution (1775-1800), how was the relationship between the Native Americans and the American People?I have two different...

I think that the seeming contradiction in your two documents is actually very helpful.  That's because the relations between Indians and Americans was not always the same.

In general, the relationship was bad.  It had generally been bad almost from the time the settlers got to North America and it would, for the most part, remain bad.  During the time period you mention you have, for example, the Battle of the Fallen Timbers and you have the British trying more generally to get the Indians to attack Americans.

But it's not that simple because not every tribe was in the same situation.  Some tribes would be trying to use the whites as allies against their own enemies.  After all, the whites were a source of weapons and power.  So I would interpret that first document like that.  I'd say the second one shows how things usually were, but the first showed how things were sometimes when the Indians' and the whites' interests coincided in a limited time and place.

What is the significance of the wild duck in Ibsen's The Wild Duck?

The duck in Ibsen's The Wild Duck is a complex symbol. This is the first play in which Henrik Ibsen used a newly innovated style of symbolism. It took critics and audiences a few years to catch on to what Ibsen was doing with his new symbolism and characterizations. He had made his name as a great playwright through plays about social problems. The Doll's House is one of his most famous social issue plays. His new symbolism was at a level of complexity that it took some getting used to.

The duck symbolizes both captivity and freedom. It symbolizes captivity to a physical place, to a idea, to a way of being, to circumstances, to bad choices, etc., because it is living in captivity after being shot by Hakon. It symbolizes freedom because as a wild duck it must be free and because it has a natural symbolism of nature and freedom inherent in its identity as a duck and some characters, like Old Ekdal idealize it for that reason. This brings up another level of the duck's symbolism. Different characters associate the duck with different ideas. To Old Ekdal the duck symbolizes his earlier life in which he was happy. To Hedvig the duck symbolizes the lie that is destroying her family. To Hjalmar the duck symbolizes an escape, a distraction from his present circumstances of life.

What was the purpose of the yellow dog contracts? Why were children employed in factories during the late 1800s?

The Yellow-Dog Contracts were established to help to prevent the employees of a company from joining a union.  They were set-up and used in the 1870's when unions were trying to organize in factories and plants.  The contracts became such a labor dispute that they were eventually outlawed in 15 states.  The Erdman Act was passed by Congress in 1898 which prevented the railroad from having its employees sign any Yellow-dog contracts.

The Industrial Revolution in America brought with it a plethora of jobs in the factories.  Groups of families moved into the urban communities to find employment.  Incomes were meager and whole family systems worked together to meet daily living expenses.  This included children as young as five or six.  The hiring of children was a good practice for owners looking for cheap and disposable labor.  The children would work for less salary than the adults and still at times had to work 19 hour days.  Many of them went without breaks, had mild to severe injuries, and were terribly mistreated physically and verbally by their employers as well as the adults they worked with.  There were no laws that protected the children.  For families that had been farmers and made a living off the land, moving into the city meant that daily farming responsibilities were just transferred into factory work.  Children were not considered to be an asset to a family unless they were able to work and add to the family income.

In Much Ado About Nothing do men have more honor than women, or do the women have more honor than men?

I personally think it took a great deal of honor for Benedick to stay behind at the wedding with Beatrice and Hero, rather than leaving with Don Pedro and Claudio.  It would have been the "manly" thing to just leave and stick with his cronies.  Instead, he stays to see if Hero is okay (probably to make sure Leonato didn't do something horrible to her), and I don't believe he did this simply because of what he saw Beatrice do.  He may have done it partly out of love of Beatrice, but again, that shows his honor in choosing her over his war buddies.

I often wonder if Margaret knows what happened and kept her mouth shut, with regards to Hero's disgrace.  I've seen the play performed both ways - where Margaret IS at the wedding, but doesn't say anything out of fear of getting in trouble, and also where Margaret is NOT at the wedding and just has no clue as to what's going on.  I'd like to think she didn't know, but as close as she was to Hero, wouldn't she have figured out the mistaken identity and confessed to clear Hero's name?

I need help writing an introduction, body and conclusion about this saying: "I have not live in vain."

"I have not lived in vain" means that everything I have done or experienced in life has a purpose.   Quite often people go through life without stopping to reflect back on their experiences.  Bad or good, the outcome and the lessons one learns from ones experiences makes life what it is for the person.

To say that I have leaved means that I have taken each event that happened in life and gained from it.  When a person skins his knee he learns how to care for a skinned knee.  If a person loses a loved one, he learns how to handle grief and may turn around and use that experience to be able to better handle a future situation or even to help another.

No moment bad or good should be considered a waste.  Life should be lived doing ones best, but when bad things happen one needs to use the experience to learn from it.  To have lived in vain is not to live at all so to have not lived in vain means that a person's life and experiences had value.

Grade 8 Science Writing assignment 1. Create a concept map showing that water has a close connection to everyday aspect of life.Gr8 Science

Before you begin, check out the reference link below.

1) Create a CIRCLE MAP like the one you see on this page.

2) Then, write the words "Water in Everyday Life" in the middle circle, since that is your TOPIC.

3) Finally, on the lines blank lines which extend outward from the middle circle, write a minimum of 8 words or phrases explaining how water is used in lives:

1SHOWERING AND BRUSHING TEETH

2WASHING CLOTHES

3WASHING CARS

4SWIMMING

5WATERING CROPS

6STAYING HYDRATED

7BOILING FOOD FOR MEALS

8FILLING RADIATORS TO KEEP CAR ENGINES COOL

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Chuck Fears