I'm not sure I understand the question you've been asked, so I'm trying this but...
My understanding of these terms is that with naturalism and realism the artists are attempting to accurately represent reality with all of its ugly truths revealed. Impressionism attempts to capture the quality of a moment. These terms are more frequently applied to visual art than literature, and I'm wondering if the symbol you mention refers to "symbolism" (which would mean it would be more concerned with subjective realities than with social justice).
The imagery seems to involve both an acknowledgement of and a rejection of realism, almost an assault. He says Time can destroy all of nature: blunt the lion's claws, make the earth eat her young (devour her sweet brood), and extract the tiger's teeth--all acknowledgement of the reality that everything dies. He even says that Time can destroy myths--the phoenix can be burned in her own blood. These all seem to be in a realistic vein. He seems to reject reality in the last sestet when he says that he forbids Time the crime of aging his lover. This is a cry against, but also an accurate rendition of what happens to us: Time writes his lines on us, we age, and we die. Most of the imagery accurately represents reality. The last two lines are symbolist in the artistic sense, because his subjective reality predominates: she may be destroyed on the outside, but she will remain immortal because he writes of her.
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