As the editor says above, your question has way too many parts for this forum. I'll just elaborate on one of those parts: the platonic conception.
"Conception" deals with Gatsby's creation of his persona, his current self. He is a self-made man financially, of course, at least as far as we know (his past is still somewhat mysterious). But other aspects of Gatsby are carefully crafted, too: his appearance, his reputation, his mysteriousness. Most of all, his love for Daisy and his memories of their brief love affair are carefully crafted.
"Platonic" refers to Plato's idealistic belief that the "perceptible world is an illusory shadow of some higher realm of transcendent Ideas or Forms." "Perceptible" means what is perceived, what is seen, and "transcendent" is a surpassing of usual limits; exceeding beyond usual human limits.
So Plato believed that the world we see was just an illusion, a shadow, of some idea or form beyond what we see.
So Gatsby's persona was created from his platonic view of himself: his view that his love for Daisy was more than normal, that it was transcendent, that it surpassed and exceeded usual human limits. He created himself, his image, his reputation, his plan to win Daisy back, etc., out of a belief that his love was special, and that the love between himself and Daisy was special.
Gatsby may have been correct about his love for Daisy, but unfortunately for him, he was incorrect about Daisy's love for him. And that, truly, leads to foul dust at the death of his dream.
(Definition of Platonism taken from The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms)
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