Today the need for political reflection is suppressed by the need for action & facts in politics; why is it dangerous to stop thinking?

One instance of a time when action in politics was presented as a need over reflection is the No Child Left Behind law that was passed in merely a few months despite its being many, many pages.  President George Bush was able to convince Ted Kennedy that the bill was worthy; won over, Kennedy gave his support, shephered the bill through the Senate, and the bill was passed.  It was not long after its passage, that Kennedy changed his mind and withdrew his support of this bill--but too late.

This example is used merely to demonstrate how, given the time to read bills and think about all their ramifications may produce different results.  There are many bills that congressmen have voted for without really knowing what is in them.  Scary, indeed.

What are the main themes of Everyman?

One theme is alienation and loneliness. Everyman discovers that when he faces death and God's judgment, he must do so alone.

Another theme is atonement and forgiveness. Everyman seeks atonement for his sins and then is given God's forgiveness for his sins.

Everyman also discovers that earthly friends and family will ultimately betray you because they are selfish. Everyman is forced to look for greater truths when he's abandoned by others.

Everyman isn't prepared to go with death to meet God, and he asks for extra time to get ready. He uses this time to look at how he's spent his life.

The importance of God and religion is also shown. Religion provides the way to get God's salvation.

It's believed that good deeds will get a person to heaven. Family, friends, or any earthly possessions aren't important.

Knowledge gives Everyman the help he needs to recognize and understand how he has sinned. This knowledge leads him to confession and salvation.

Sin is the main theme of the play. Sin causes man to stray from God, and he must renounce his sins in order to be saved. 

For more details, go to the link below.

What are some examples of symbolism in The Kite Runner?

I think that there are many examples of symbolism in the Kite Runner.

1- The kite represents the freedom and bonding of Amir and Hassan, both at the beginning and end of the book.

2- The slingshot represents devotion. In the beginning, Hassan used it to stand up to Assef in the alley, and then at the end, Hassan's son Sohrab used it to protect Amir against Assef after returning to Afghanistan.

3- Assef's brass knuckles represent fear. Everytime that Assef would come up to Hassan or Amir, he would have his hands up and be ready to fight them. In the end, this is really in effect. This happens when Assef beats up Amir when he comes back to Afghanistan.

4- The Ford car given to Amir by Baba symbolizes their changing relationship.

What is the complication in Maupassant's "The Necklace" that sets up the conflict?

The complication that causes the conflict in "The Necklace" is for Madame Loisel to find the things in life that will make her fit into a higher social class.  This is based on material things.  In her mind she feels that she was deprived the life of a socialite and that she deserves to have whatever it takes to get her there.  Mr. Loisel begins to take her on this journey by getting her a ticket to a very prestigious event that only "the  finest" are invited to.  Once she has the invitation, she now pouts because she has nothing to wear.  When  her husband gives her the money, he has been saving for a rifle, it still is not enough.  She then complains that she has no jewelry to wear, so her husband tells her to ask her wealthy friend, Madame Forestier, to borrow a bauble to wear.  Based on these three problems, the conflict is set.  From the time she borrows the necklace, to the end of the story, her life is all downhill, reducing her to a lower social class than when she started. It just goes to show you, be happy with what you have because the grass isn't always greener on the other side. 

Reference:  The Literature and Language Book by McDougal Littell

Did Jonas die in The Giver?

Karen MacPherson, writing for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, includes further quotes from author Lois Lowry as to why she succumbed to readers who loved “The Giver” but hated the ending.  The book ends on an ambiguous note, as Lowry leaves it up to readers to decide what happens to Jonas. "I saw it as an optimistic ending. I didn't feel the need to further explain it, or go on with a sequel," Lowry said. "What I like about provocative books in general is that they allow readers to bring their own beliefs, political as well as religious, to the fiction, to fit, to find the symbolism." But she also received a torrent of complaints from readers, both children and adults, who wanted her to write a sequel. Although she was at first adamantly opposed to the idea, Lowry eventually decided to do a companion book, in which readers get a sense -- however vague -- of how Jonas ended up. "Now, I don't generally cater to the reading public's whims and wishes. But their reaction affected me, I think, in that it made me want to sort out things for myself," Lowry said. ("Lois Lowry’s Newberry-winning ‘Giver’ still ignites debate”).

The undeniable proof that Jonas and Gabrielle survived their ordeal is revealed in Los Lowry’s third book in “The Giver” trilogy, “The Messenger.” The following are excerpts from that book: In the schoolhouse, Mentor, the schoolteacher, gently tutored a mischievous eight-year-old named Gabe, who had neglected his studies to play and now needed help. (Lowry 17).

From a window, the tall young man known as Leader looked down and watched the slow and cheerful pace of Village, of the people he loved, who had chosen him to rule and guard them. He had come here as a boy, finding his way with great difficulty. The Museum held the remains of a broken sled in a glass case, and the inscription explained that it had been Leader's arrival vehicle. There were many relics of arrival in the Museum, because each person who had not been born in Village had his own story of coming there. (18).

What does Winston find out about The Book?

When Winston goes to the meeting at O'Brien's apartment, he learns a lot of things about the book.  For one thing, he gets a copy of the book itself.  He reads it and learns what it says.  So any of the things it says could potentially be the answer.

Two other things that he learns could include:

• He learns that the book actually exists.  People in general do not know if the book actually exists, but now he knows that it does.


• He learns that the book is "nearly indestructible."  O'Brien says that people could reproduce the book from memory if all the copies were destroyed.

How do we use salt, aluminium and wax paper in everyday life

Salt is utilized to enhance flavor in food.  Salt is also a vital mineral that is needed by our bodies for proper functioning.  Being a primary electrolyte, without salt the water content of our bodies would be out of balance. Salt also impacts blood pressure, and bone density. Salt is utilized in winter climates to assist with snow melting.

Aluminium which is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust is utilized daily in many ways. As with salt, aluminum is utilized in cooking due to its conductivity. It is also utilized in car manufacturing, packaging, and construction. 

Wax paper is utilized in cooking to prevent food from sticking to surfaces and to insulate and steam food products (i.e. fish).  It can also be utilized in as a container for food due to its water replent nature.

Discuss Dickens’s representation of the city in Hard Times.

In this novel, just as in others, Dickens takes the industrialised city as his main focus and explores how the polluted, smog-filled environment has an impact on the characters that try to eke out an existence within it. Dickens in his work was sharply critical of industrialisation and the conditions of squalor and urban poverty that developed as a result. In this novel he critiques an approach to business and to employees that treats them as just cogs in a machine and profoundly dehumanises them, rather than recognising them as human beings in their own right. Note how Coketown is described in the following quotation from Book the Second, Chapter One:

Coketown lay shrouded in a haze of its own, which appeared impervious to the sun’s rays. You only knew the town was there because you knew there could have been no such sulky blotch upon the prospect without a town. A blur of soot and smoke, now confusedly tending this way, now that way, now aspiring to the vault of Heaven, now murkily creeping along the earth, as the wind rose and fell, or changed its quarter: a dense formless jumble, with sheets of cross light in it, that showed nothing but masses of darkness—Coketown in the distance was suggestive of itself, though not a brick of it could be seen.

Note how there is a contrast between the soot and smoke that fills Coketown and surrounds it like a shroud and the sun's rays. These are used to represent the moral corruption inherent in Coketown and the sun is used to represent the beauty of nature that cannot get through to Coketown. Such descriptions establish Coketown as both a place that is literally dark and full of squalor but also spiritually and metaphorically dark and devoid of human comfort as well, as indicated by the poverty of its inhabitants and the exploitation of them by the ruling class, such as Bounderby. Such presentations of the city therefore help emphasise the social critique of industrialisation that Dickens explores in this novel.

What is the significance of Constance's red tongue?

Red is color traditionally associated with these symbolic meanings:  passion, aggression, desire, love.  The association of these traits with Constance are very important.  Although she begins the plays as a passive woman, unlucky in love, her true nature proves to be self-assured and passionate woman who goes after what she wants.  Her red tongue, along with her red cap, are hints to her inner nature.

What is the point of view of "The Gift of the Magi"?

To add to the answer below, in this particular story the narrator's use of "you" may be confusing. This is simply a stylistic device that is used to draw the reader into the story. At several points in the story, the narrator directly addresses the reader, sometimes offering comments, other times asking the reader to consider some observation.

How does Jerry change throughout the course of the story "Through the Tunnel"? For example, does he mature from a frustrated little boy to a...

At the beginning of the story, Jerry is on the brink of puberty, trying to separate himself from his mother and prove himself as a young man. He's also a lonely young man who has no male role model or male friends in his life. He feels like he's a "mama's boy", and he wants to become a man.

By the end of the story, Jerry has matured because he's able to swim through the tunnel by himself, showing he is ready to venture into the world as a young man. Because he was willing to face the dangers of the tunnel, he has proven to himself that he's ready to separate himself from his mother. His desperation to be with the other boys at the beginning reflects his loneliness, but by the end, he doesn't care about the boys.

Why does kira want to believe the beasts in the woods, what sound does she hear at night, when they investigate the noise, what do they discover it...

Kira has been told all of her life that the beasts live in the woods and were the ones who had killed her father.  She has been taken in by Jamison and lives in his quarters along with Thomas, a wood carver.  At night they hear a strange noise.  They wonder if it is the beasts but later they hear crying.  Kira investigates and finds Jo, a little tyke who has bee taken from her parents who died.  Jo is locked up and does not know that her mother is dead.

The beasts really do not exist which will be revealed later in the story.  Kira learns that they have all lost their parents possibly to murder so that the elders could contain their gifts and control their future by making them create what they want.

There is also an incidence when she hears stirrings in the woods.  We later learn that these are broken people who remove people from the forest where they are laid to die or after they are dead.  One of those people was Kira's father whom they rescued.

Write Mary Maloney’s diary entry for the night of her husband’s murder.

I cannot actually write the diary entry for you, but I hope these ideas will help you.

In my opinion, Mary Maloney's entry would not show any great amount of guilt.  I think that we can see this from how calmly she gets rid of the leg of lamb and from the fact that she starts to giggle at the end of the story.  I think she feels that her husband deserved what he got.

You could also argue, though, that she will sort of break down once she gets over the initial need to get away with the crime.  You can argue that her giggling shows that she is starting to do this.  After all, she has had a huge shock and must be emotionally drained.

What event begins to change Hale's opinions about the arrests? How does he feel about the court?

I would say that the event that starts to turn Hale off on the court and the arrests is the thing that happens at the end of Act III.

At that point, Mary Warren has started to denounce Abigail Williams and the other girls.  She has said they are lying.  When she does that, Abigail and the girls start screaming about the bird and how Mary is bewitching them.

At this point, Hale gets disgusted.  He stops having any faith in what the court is doing.  He will continue showing this attitude in the next act.

Example of man vs man conflict in part two?

In Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451, the conflicts you're asking about are probably better thought of in terms other than man vs. man.  That conflict suggests a grand chess match, or combat, or a fight for survival or victory of some sort.

The conflicts between Millie and Montag and the women and Montag are more conflicts of imagination and thinking and rebirth.  The women, including Millie, have no imagination, they do not think, and they are numbly stuck in the mindless status quo of the society. 

Montag wants them to use their imaginations, think for themselves, and to be renewed.  He wants them, figuratively speaking, to wake up. 

These conflicts, again, don't necessarily fit into what is usually thought of as man vs. man.

Why is Parris reluctant to tell anyone that Betty may be bewitched?

There are several reasons.  First, as a minister, how would it look to his congregation if his daughter is bewitched?  Second, his standing in the community is tenuous.  Some, like John Proctor, have stopped going to church services because of their dislike for him.  He doesn't want to give others more reasons to stop attending.  Remember too that he was not the first choice for minister, Mr. Putnam wanted someone else, so he does not have the most support from the Salem community.  He is also the third minister (I believe) in a rather short period of time.  So again he is not overly anxious to give the townspeople reason to turn against him.  Third, he is worried that people will start a witch hunt and bring in Mr. Hale, thereby taking away some of his authority.

Read the quote below and explain the following: the platonic conception the effect of the biblical allusion the point about the nature of...

As the editor says above, your question has way too many parts for this forum.  I'll just elaborate on one of those parts:  the platonic conception.

"Conception" deals with Gatsby's creation of his persona, his current self.  He is a self-made man financially, of course, at least as far as we know (his past is still somewhat mysterious).  But other aspects of Gatsby are carefully crafted, too:  his appearance, his reputation, his mysteriousness.  Most of all, his love for Daisy and his memories of their brief love affair are carefully crafted.

"Platonic" refers to Plato's idealistic belief that the "perceptible world is an illusory shadow of some higher realm of transcendent Ideas or Forms."  "Perceptible" means what is perceived, what is seen, and "transcendent" is a surpassing of usual limits; exceeding beyond usual human limits.

So Plato believed that the world we see was just an illusion, a shadow, of some idea or form beyond what we see.

So Gatsby's persona was created from his platonic view of himself:  his view that his love for Daisy was more than normal, that it was transcendent, that it surpassed and exceeded usual human limits.  He created himself, his image, his reputation, his plan to win Daisy back, etc., out of a belief that his love was special, and that the love between himself and Daisy was special.

Gatsby may have been correct about his love for Daisy, but unfortunately for him, he was incorrect about Daisy's love for him.  And that, truly, leads to foul dust at the death of his dream.

(Definition of Platonism taken from The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms)

In Chapter 12 of All Quiet on the Western Front, explain the meaning of the title of the book, especially as it relates to Paul.

In Chapter 12, the war is finally drawing to a close. Paul is the last of the group of seven youths with whom he joined up to survive to this point, "the last of the seven fellows from our class." There is much talk "of peace and armistice," and this time, it seems that the talk might be true. The war is winding down, the hostilities are almost at an end, but Paul, though he has suffered so much and made it so far, does not live to see the peace. Just when it seems that his long ordeal is over and he has escaped the threats to his life that have been constant over the past years, he is cut down. On the day he dies, it is

"so quiet and still on the whole front, that the army report confine(s) itself to the single sentence: All quiet on the Western Front."

Paul's death is quick, and quiet, and completely unexpected; he falls forward and "lay(s) on the earth as though sleeping." A single bullet, perhaps an errant shot, brings Paul's life to an end at last. The title of the book is significant because all is indeed quiet on the Western Front; the war is over, the shooting and bombardment have ceased, and, tragically, Paul lies quietly as well, his voice silenced at just the moment when it seems he is finally safe (Chapter 12).

What do you think Hawthorne’s purpose was for writing this story?

Like his great novel, "The Scarlet Letter," Hawthorne uses "Young Goodman Brown" to illustrate the hypocrisy of the Puritans. This likely stems from the guilt he felt over having an ancestor who served as a judge for the Salem witch trials.

Notice as Brown enters into the wilderness how all of the people he once thought pure and dear to him, Goody Cloyse, Deacon Gookin, and the minister, as well as his own father and grandfather, seem to have an evil and dark side to them. Yet, back in Salem, these same people are the most pious and righteous. Notice too how the devil is able to bring all of the people, regardless of race, social standing, religious beliefs, and past reputations, in the area together at the dark mass, where they are welcomed to the communion of their race. The point is clear, the Puritans used religion as a means to segregate their society. Only through the human propensity for sin can the devil bring them all together without fighting or bickering or ridiculing one another. At the black mass the devil urges them to look upon each other and know they are equals in their sin. Everyone is guilty. Throughout his story, Hawthorne illustrates the hypocrisy evident in the Puritan society that was responsible for the Salem witch trials.

Did Myrtle's husband (the garage man) know that Tom was his wife's lover?It seems unlikely that Myrtle's husband would accept so readily Tom's...

In The Great Gatsby, no, Wilson does not know that Tom is having an affair with his wife.  A sister knows, but she keeps the information to herself.

Wilson goes to Tom to ask about the car, and Tom tells him that Gatsby is the owner of the car that hits and kills his wife.

Of course, Wilson isn't aware of quite a few things, the most important of which is that Daisy was actually driving the car when Myrtle was hit.

Tom gets back at Gatsby in two ways, then:  he manages to hold on to Daisy, and he also indirectly leads to his death by telling Wilson that Gatsby owns the car that hit his wife.

Why was Galileo was brought to trial by the inquisition?Specific, short term and clearly understandable.

Galileo was brought to trial by Inquisition twice, first time 1616 and 1633. In 1616 Galileo was summoned to Rome by the inquisition to determine if his views supporting Copernican theory that all planets including earth revolve around the sun were opposed to Church's teachings. In this trial he was cleared of the charges of heresy but was instructed to not "to hold or defend" Copernican theory.

Later, in a book published in 1632 Galileo again supported the superiority of Copernican theory over the orthodox Ptolemaic-Aristotelian theory. Once again Galileo was summoned to Rome to defend the charges of wilfully the order to not to hold or defend Copernican theory. In 1933 the inquisition declared him guilty of the charges, forced him to recant his statements, and sentenced him to life imprisonment.

Why are chrysanthemums rather than another flower like a rose used in this story?

There are several possibilities:

Steinbeck could've used Chrysanthemums because they are such a popular flower that bloom in the fall and have long lived blooms (which is why florists love them).

But I think more is going on here. First is the fact that Chrysanthemums require attention -  they need fertile, well drained soil and sunshine. To Elisa her flowers are like her children, and she mothers over them carefully. When the tinker asks her about her flowers, she responds like a proud parent. But Elisa is like the Chrysanthemum herself - she also needs a fertile, sunny environment in which to bloom. But she finds herself trapped, a potted flower in poor soil and dim light.

At the end of the story, she does try to dress up to impress her husband, putting on a bright and pretty dress. But Henry doesn't really appreciate her efforts, doesn't appreciate her pretty bloom.

Finally, Chrysantheums bloom in the fall - they are a like a lingering hope, a fading echo of spring, the last gasp of flowering life before the cold darkness of winter. This may also reflect Elisa's desire to bloom, but is also may foreshadow the coming winter in their relationship. Henry just isn't a gardener, not in real life, and not metaphorically with his wife.

In chapter 22, what does Jem mean by his "caterpillar in a cocoon" image?

Jem was suddenly forced to recognize that not everything in life is fair and not everything works out the way we expect it to.  He had spent his entire life believing that the people in his community were, overall, pretty decent people.  When the jury found Tom Robinson guilty, it was like a caterpillar being forced out of its warm, safe cocoon into the harsh light of day - the cold, real world.  Jem never believed the jury would find Tom guilty - he believed Atticus could convince them to see the truth.  What he did not realize until the verdict came in is that even knowing the truth, which the jury probably did, they still were not going to side with a black man against a white woman.

In Chapter 4, what reasons does Chillingworth give for not taking vengeance against Hester?

Chillingsworth will not take vengeance upon Hester because he can think of no better punishment than that she wear the scarlet "A" for the rest of her life.  Also, he takes a little of the responsibility for her sin upon himself, saying he should have never thought that it could work for an old, misshapen man like himself to have married a young and vibrant girl like Hester.

Chillingsworth will not take vengeance on the innocent child either, satisfying his thirst for revenge by plotting against Hester's partner in sin, Dimmesdale.

What impact does the setting have in "The Cask of Amontillado"?I don't understand what "impact" means...

In this sense 'impact' means what effect or impression does the setting give the reader.

Poe's writing is considered to be in the Gothic genre, therefore his setting is similarly Gothic.  The two men go deep down into the dungeon or cellar and all the words used to describe the setting give the reader a creepy feeling.  The fact that they are in a crypt is scary enough but Poe continues to 'scare' the reader by describing in detail the thick stones, the dampness of the room and so on.  

In this way the 'impact' on the story and the reader is very strong.  The story would not be as strong if it were set in a living room.  He could have just as easily chained Fortunato up in a bedroom hidden away, but he did not.  He brought him into a tomb alive, which makes the story much scarier. 

What is the rationale behind Say's Law?and how can there never be a general overproduction or underproduction of goods in the economy due to this law?

Say's Law states that supply creates its own demand.  This is the basis of supply side economics.

The rationale here is this.  Let's say that you have a factory and you are producing goods.  That means you are creating a supply of those goods.  Assuming you are paying your workers a fair market wage, they are going to have enough money to buy goods.  It may not exactly be your goods that they purchase, but you are making them able to buy goods.

So that is why there should never be overproduction -- everytime you produce, you are giving people money and they will use it to buy.  By the same token, you can't underproduce because if you don't produce much, there won't be that much money paid out and there will not be shortages of goods.

Say thought his law applied in the short and long terms. 
Even most supply side economists today believe it only works in the long term.

Why does Marullus get annoyed with the cobbler in Act I, scene i of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar?

In Act I, scene i of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Marullus gets annoyed with the cobbler whom he meets on the street for two reasons. The first reason has to do with puns, the second with what Marullus considers great impropriety.

First of all, the definition of a pun (noun) is the use of one word to suggest the meaning or use of another word with the same or similar sound for the purpose of expressing or emphasizing an alternate meaning (e.g., "You drive your Porche; I drive my porch" is a pun on the similar sound of a car's name and the space in front of a house and may be used to emphasize a difference in living standards).

The cobbler was a "saucy fellow" (meaning boldly impertinent, insolent, rude) who answered all Marullus's questions with double meanings in puns so that Marullus couldn't tell what he meant, although Flavius was able to keep up with the cobbler's witticisms. The cobbler and his companion, the carpenter, were walking out of doors in their "best clothes" as for a holiday. Flavius and Marullus call their behavior into question because the day is a workday, not a holiday.

In Rome, on a work day, workmen ("mechanicals") were required to wear the clothes and carry the instruments that signified their occupation. The saucy cobbler ought to have had his leather apron on and be carrying his awl (tool for piercing leather to prepare it for stitching).

The cobbler leads Marullus through verbal double-play with the twin meanings of cobbled (shoes repaired and clumsy bungler), sole (soul and sole of shoe) and other words confusing Marullus and not giving him the direct answer that he is accustomed to receiving.

Secondly, the cobbler and carpenter are, in Marullus's eyes, guilty of great impropriety (erroneous, unsuitable, unseemly behavior or remarks). On that day, Caesar was to come back to Rome. The citizens had declared ("culled") themselves a holiday to watch Caesar's procession and to celebrate his entry to the city.

But it so happened that Caesar had been away to defeat Pompey's sons after Pompey's death. Pompey had been Caesar's friend and ally but had become his enemy. Marullus believed it was inappropriate to celebrate the return of Caesar after vanquishing the son's of a former friend and ally. So for this reason, and for the annoying puns, Marullus was annoyed--even actually angry--with the cobbler.

[The Web site ClickNotes.com has expanded information on Shakespearean texts that make comprehension of historical references, puns and archaic language easier to understand.]

What is the exposition of the book?

The term "exposition" refers not only to the setting of a story, but to the background information provided by the author so that the conflict to be developed has some context to it.  Therefore, you should state the characters, their setting, and their position in their own world in order to fully answer the question.

How does the term codominant describe the action of genes in an incomplete dominance trait?

 Codominant genes are both expressed at the same time if present in an organism. For example, if a person inherits a gene for type A antigen from one parent and a gene for type B from the other parent, that person will have type AB blood. In this case, both the genes for antigen A and B are expressed and the person will have both the A and B proteins present in their blood. 

However, in incomplete dominance, the two genes "blend together" to form a different phenotype. For instance, in Japanese four oclock flowers, the gene to produce the color Red (R) and the color white(W) are both equally strong. Therefore, if a plant inherits a genotype of RW, this plant will not be red, nor white, but instead, a blending will  occur, producing pink.

What & How did the author develop the mood and go about it?

I think there is a mood of depression and sadness throughout "A Rose for Emily."  One way Faulkner does this is by the story's structure.  He begins with Emily's death.  Then he flashes back and forth through time illustrating the bleak nature of Emily's life (how she refuses to pay property taxes, how her love abandons her, how her father monopolizes her life and dies leaving her with next to nothing, her defiance of kowtowing to the ways of the town and its people).  Then he brings the story full circle with the final segment in which we learn that Emily has - most likely - murdered her love and kept his corpse in her bedroom all of these and slept beside him.

The point of view, told from an unidentified first person narrator, also influences the mood of desperation and sadness.  For it is through this narrator that we learn how people feel sorry for Emily, yet she is never aware of this.  We also learn how pathetic her plight really is, yet Emily doesn't feel this way nor is she aware of it.  All of these tie into the mood. 

What does the pig's head represent in Lord of the Flies?

it symbolizes evil that is in every human because no matter how rotten and old the pig head got, the remains still was left.

while it was breaking down and getting worse, it had a disgusting look and horrible smell. this symbolizes evil. something that isn't welcomed.

also when the pig head started breaking down, the author described the skull as a laughing face. evil never leaves and it also teases because it's so hard to get rid of.

i think that's what the pig head mainly was suppose to symbolize.

the evilness in every human that wil never go away once it sets in.

In Animal Farm, what technique does Orwell use to cast doubt on the likelihood of a successful revolution?

The fact that George Orwell refers to Animal Farm as a "fairy story" already prepares the reader for what they might read. The reader expects exaggeration and certainly a story with embellishments and vivid character representations. He uses anthropomorphism to emphasize his point as animals take on human characteristics and history repeats itself when power is exposed as an over-riding force allowing for exploitation, regardless of who or what is driving it. The very fact that "some animals are more equal than others," alludes to what will be a less-than-successful rebellion, although those in power would, ironically, disagree as Napoleon is very proud of his ability to walk on two legs at the end and the mantra becomes, "four legs good, two legs better."     

Making use of animals as his main characters also allows Orwell, cleverly, to simplify his version of The Russian Revolution allowing the reader to step away from casting immediate judgment and allowing the subversion to, hopefully have an even bigger impact on the reader. Orwell also, presumably, reaches more readers as he is not restricted by those interested in the historical aspects of the clashes between Trotsky, Lenin and Stalin and can expose younger readers and those who would otherwise avoid the potentially, challenging nature of such proceedings to the damaging effects of the abuse of power. The style and tone which Orwell uses ensures that readers are able to draw their own conclusions, not only from the Marxist ideals of equality and the unfortunate reality of rules and "Commandments" which are subject to change but also from any form of control, about which Orwell himself became so disillusioned.   

In Ethan Frome how did the narrator meet Ethan?

The narrator was a visitor to Starkfield staying there in relation to the building of a power plant in Corbury Flats. He was at the post office one day when Ethan Frome came dragging in barely able to move forward in any manner recognizable as a walk. The narrator inquired as to who the man was and was given a brief description of Ethan Frome. The most poignant thing said was that "Guess he's been in Starkfield too many winters."

The narrator became detained in Starkfield because problems with the power plant project and found out himself what the winters of Starkfield were like. Through an illness among the town horses, the narrator needed a driver to take him to his daily train for the commute to Corbury, Ethan Frome was recommended since he "wouldn't be sorry to earn a dollar." It was during this winter, while stranded in Starkfield and hiring Frome to drive him, that he was taken into Frome's home to wait out a massive snow storm and saw first hand the results of Frome's tragic story.

What is the moral or message of Slaughterhouse Five?

In Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse Five, his main moral messages are connected to the death of individualism in the midst of the mass suffering and destruction of war.

First, Vonnegut says that war is inevitable.  Stopping a war, or writing an anti-war novel, is like stopping a glacier: it is an exercise in futility.  As a result, humans lose their free will and become victims in the machinery of war, casualties of political ends.

Second, Vonnegut says that soldiers are reduced to children when fighting a war, such is their lack of freedom and passivity.  The subtitle for the books is "The Children's Crusade," a reference to how children used to be sold into war by their leaders.

Third, Vonnegut says that the machinery of war (science and technology) reduce the individual to the role of victim, such is the widespread death and destruction it breeds.

Fourth, Vonnegut says that humans, caught up in the affairs of the state, only see time in a linear fashion, as a series of cause-effect relationships.  In short, they fail to see the big picture, namely the consequences of their actions.

Can you summarize Juliet's soliloquy in act 3?

Juliet is anxiously awaiting her wedding night with Romeo. She wants the darkness to come quickly - she wants the sun god, Phoebus, to quickly get out of the sky, to "bring in cloudy night immediately." Her impatience is demonstrative of her youth:

"So tedious is this day As is the night before some festival To an impatient child that hath new robes And may not wear them." (Act III, scene ii)

In The Scarlet Letter, how has Roger Chillingworth changed in the past 7 years?

Hester notes in chapter 14 that the calm, quiet, and studious demeanor of Chillingworth is now gone.  Instead he has an "eager, searching, almost fierce, yet carefully guarded look."  She notes that it looks like there is fire in his soul and he seems filled with blackness.  Basically, because Chillingworth has committed himself to revenge and to studying a man whose heart was full of torture (Dimmesdale), he has transformed into an evil man.  The novel describes him as being a fiend or devil.

Describe 'Indecency laws (Computer Misuse)' and give a simple example of what a student working with IT in a school/college should look out for?

Indecency laws were passed in the UK Parliament to state regulations against child exploitation, the misuse of personal information, hacking computers for profit, and for regulating the expanding problem of identity theft. They are aimed at the ethical use of computers as tools of research within society. They were implemented to ensure the safety and security of users. Additionally, they differ from country to country because each society has a diverse view of what is indecent and what is not, however, they generally apply similar concepts.

The specific crimes that these laws target have to do with child pornography and indecent exposure of minors. The laws also zero in sending out hate mail, harrasing, and stealing someone's identity to pass out indecent information online.

For this reason, an IT student has to be careful. IT students are more knowledgeable about indecency laws and monitoring than the rest of the population. If an IT student conducts these practices, the punishment would double, because it would show premeditation since the student is in control of the information, and the rules that go about it. Hence, an IT student must be very careful to follow all indecency laws and ensure that those employed under a company which abides by these rules are INFORMED completely and are made to sign an Ethical Use of the Network agreement prior to get access to the Net.

High School students of IT hold a special responsibility because their age group is prone to more computer interaction through social networks, blogs, and role-playing games, and e-mail usage. If an IT student is caught misusing the net and accessing sites that are not allowed, or improper altogether, the blame is double since this student is supposed to have known better. This is why holding the key to computer access makes us become twice as responsible for the information that we share.

How does Dr. Manette react to Charles Darnay after the trial?It is the trial in Book Two Chapter 4 when Darnay is released because he looks like...

At this point in the book, Dr. Manette does not know that Charles Darnay is a relative of the Marquis St. Evremonde.  He does seem to recognize him, and gives a look of distrust and concern, but his daughter Lucy is glad that Charles is released because she did not believe he was guilty of the crime with which he was charged.  Later, after Charles asks for Lucy's hand in marriage and Dr. Manette begins to suspect who Charles really is, Dr. Manette begins to fall back into the madness caused by his imprisonment.

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How does "The Seafarer" reveal the Anglo-Saxon ideal of loyalty and tragedy of separation or exile from one's lord?

This is an excellent question.  The seafarer isn't quite like other Anglo-Saxon literature like Beowulf where there is a definite king and a warrior willing to give his life to protect the king.  However, the key ideas of loyalty and separation do apply when you think of the sea as the seafarer's lord.  The sea is his life--his heart.  When on the sea, the seafarer is his happiest, regardless of the cold, the wind, the icy bands, and the harsh weather that cause his body to age prematurely.  When he is on land, all he can think of is getting back to the sea.  He should be his happiest on land...the comforts of home, the fire, the food, drink, the company of women, but his heart aches for the sea, and he can't wait to get back to it.  Part of the separation anxiety he must feel is the realization that his body will give out eventually, and his separation from the sea will be permanent at some point in the future.  All that having been said, he is most at home on the water and would just as soon give his life at sea than to spend it comfortably on land mourning his love from afar.

What is important about the dyer in The Canterbury Tales?

The dyer is one of five guildsmen--tradesmen.  Together they are considered "new money" and their wives expect the things this money will buy. They are "henpecked" so to speak; their lives are controlled by their greedy wives and the money they make.

Write the detailed note on the themes of the novel "Pride and Prejudice"?

In the novel Pride and Prejudice certainly Love versus Convenience has to be the primary theme: The two battle each other all through the novel and are each other's counterparts. Fortunately in this novel specifically love ends up reigning supreme, not without the underlyin fact that Lizzie did end up marrying an upperclassman, and with this, she also made her mother's insane obsession dreams come true.

Love versus convenience dismount each other's strenghts. Love reigns supreme while the proprieties and insane impositions of society continue try to battle it out. The women, hungry for love and affection, have to conceive the possibility of not acknowledging their needs because of the preocupations with rank, money, and climbing the social ladder to better the family name.

The courtship of Darcy and Lizzie is definitely the central action, and all the activity surrounding them bring out these very two themes. Charlotte's marriage to Collins for convenience versus Janes' marriage to Bingley for love; Mrs. Bennet's obsession to marry her daughters for convenience versus Lydia's eloping with Wickham, either for love or lust.

A lot of the forces of love versus convenience clash consistently throughout the novel, but thankfully love ends up being the most powerful force of it all.

How did Franklin Delano Roosevelt deal with the Great Depression? Did his response stimulate the economy?

Depressions are not uncommon. Previous to the Great Depression, there were depressions in 1819-20, 1839-43, 1857-60, 1873-78, 1893-97, and 1920-21. America recovered from the depression at the end of World War I in less than two years. Those depressions were caused by government policies that created easy money and credit. Business men took this easy money and credit and spent it on unwise developments and bad investments. When these began to collapse, depression ensued. As soon as depression weeded out the badly managed companies, prosperity returned.

The proper question is why was the Great Depression of long duration and not short like most or all others?

Some economists say the Great Depression was a series of four depressions, back to back, with different causes, but the first one started just like previous ones: government making money and credit too easy so that there was over investment. The subsequent ones were caused by unwise government efforts to correct the first one.

In previous depressions, the Fed had raised interest rates so that poorly managed companies collapsed, leaving only well-run companies to carry on business in the U.S. But during the Great Depression, the Fed lowered interest rates so that poorly managed companies would survive. This only prolonged the agony. The eventual, inevitable correction took place, but only after a long time. The executive branch also intervened in a massive way that it never had before.

Both Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt were presidents during the Great Depression. They increased government spending without increasing taxes, thereby creating huge budget deficits. Many economists say their deficits made the Great Depression longer. Roosevelt called his big-spending, The New Deal.

The New Deal created a great many new government agencies.  The government became much bigger.  These new agencies regulated many aspects of Americans' lives.  These new agencies cost lots of tax dollars to run.  Had those tax dollars remained in peoples' pockets, the people would have spent them for things that they needed.  By taking those tax dollars from people, they were spent for the support of bureaucrats.  A lot of economists say this made the Great Depression longer instead of shorter.

Examples that explain why the Jews did not think they were in real danger.How did they maintain an optimistic attitude until arrival at the camps?

The Germans were also very systematic in their approach to the genocide that was the Holocaust.  Part of that approach included misleading the Jews until the very last possible moment.  They were told they were being "resettled in the East", and "Arbeit Macht Frei" work would set them free.  They were told they would be taking showers when they arrived in the death camps, when in fact many were being gassed instead.

There is a very strong human tendency not to wantto believe the worst in possible, and the Germans very systematically gave them an option that seemed more hopeful.

Add to this the fact that Jews had been persecuted in Europe for 600 years by that point, and while it was horrible to endure, such persecution had always eventually passed.  Jews wanted to believe this was just a difficult period that would get better if they just waited it out.

Sonnet 19, what uses of imagery does the poet intend, in which style: impressionistic, realistic, naturalistic? Why?For symbols, I found that...

I'm not sure I understand the question you've been asked, so I'm trying this but...

My understanding of these terms is that with naturalism and realism the artists are attempting to accurately represent reality with all of its ugly truths revealed. Impressionism attempts to capture the quality of a moment. These terms are more frequently applied to visual art than literature, and I'm wondering if the symbol you mention refers to "symbolism" (which would mean it would be more concerned with subjective realities than with social justice).

The imagery seems to involve both an acknowledgement of and a rejection of realism, almost an assault. He says Time can destroy all of nature: blunt the lion's claws, make the earth eat her young (devour her sweet brood), and extract the tiger's teeth--all acknowledgement of the reality that everything dies. He even says that Time can destroy myths--the phoenix can be burned in her own blood. These all seem to be in a realistic vein. He seems to reject reality in the last sestet when he says that he forbids Time the crime of aging his lover. This is a cry against, but also an accurate rendition of what happens to us: Time writes his lines on us, we age, and we die. Most of the imagery accurately represents reality. The last two lines are symbolist in the artistic sense, because his subjective reality predominates: she may be destroyed on the outside, but she will remain immortal because he writes of her.