All of the places in the novel show the difference between meaningless and empty values. The novel opens in Paris, and this city represents a difference in the value of work and idleness. The Left Bank of Paris consists of those who do nothing except make a mess of their lives. The Right Bank is the people who work, are realistic, and tough-minded.
The Pyrenees Mountains where Jake takes his friend on a fishing trip symbolizes the true beauty of nature, peace, and tranquility. It's the opposite of Paris, for it's a healing experience, and a place where Jake is able to sleep, unlike Paris.
Roncesvalles is a Spanish town with a medieval monastery that turns into a pilgrimage for Jake and Bill. This becomes a place where the value of friendship is shown, that it can have real worth and meaning.
Pamplona also represents those who have empty values and those who have meaningful ones. Pedro Romero, the bullfighter, symbolizes the best values because he takes the violence out of a violent sport through his artistry. Brett represents those with empty values, the partygoers who do nothing with their lives.
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