What are the political and socio economic diffrences between north & south of america in 1850's?alexis de toqueville has written in his book " yet...

The first answer points out some economic differences, so I will talk about political and social differences.

The North was a more egalitarian society.  The South was based on the idea that the big slaveholders were something of an aristocracy.  In the South rich men saw themselves as gentlemen and were concerned about their honor (they fought duels, etc).

Politically, the South believed in confederacy and states' rights.  They worried, more than the North, about having their rights abused by a strong national government.  You can see this in such things as the nullification controversy.

Could you jot down some characers that mirror each other?As in, Mr. Underwood and Boo Radley mirror each other becauase they hide from people and...

I don't know if you want to count the animals in Harper Lee's novel To Kill a Mockingbird as characters, too, but if so, there are a few more parallels.

One parallel is pretty obvious. At the trial, Bob Ewell is likened to a rooster (beak-like nose, strutting gait, reddish complexion, etc.) and thus he resembles the leader of the bunch of chickens that scratch out a living in the Ewells' yard.

Another parallel strikes me as very odd but interesting. Tom Robinson is described by Scout at the trial as seeming lopsided and, if we are to believe the guards toward the end of the novel, he rushes furiously and irrationally toward the prison fence before being shot dead. Those details establish a strange parallel between Tom Robinson and the mad dog.

Also, in their treatment of animals, Jem comes to mirror Dill. At the end of chapter 1, Jem talks about lighting a match under a turtle, an action that Dill calls hateful. Later in the novel, it's Scout who acts cruelly toward a roly-poly and it's Jem who chastises or challenges her.

A final parallel is probably the most widely accepted one in the novel, that between Tom Robinson and Boo Radley. Both are seen as "innocent" mockingbirds and both, paradoxically, are done away with in the story. One is imprisoned and shot dead, the other returned to the confines of his home until his death.

Should the constitution by interpreted in terms of the original mention of the Founders rather than the morality of society today?

Your question is really a tough one.

I tend to lean toward a fairly "strict constructionist" view; that is, that the Constitution should be interpreted according to our best attempts to understand what the meaning of the written words is. 

I feel that if we insert too much of present-day "morality" into the interpretation of the Constitution, we will soon not have much of a Constitution left at all.  That doesn't mean that present-day standards are not important; it just means that they should not become constitutional absolutes.

For example, let's take the question of whether a woman has a right to abortion.  I really fail to see where the Constitution does or does not grant this right.  So, I feel that each state or municipality should have the right either to outlaw abortion, or to legalize it, or to regulate it.  And furthermore, since this is not (in my opinion) a constitutional issue, the states should be able to change their minds about this question as often as they like--just as they can change their minds about tax levels, traffic fines, legal drinking age, divorce law, and thousands of other matters of policy. 

What are some obstacles Phoenix faces, and what social/political forces might have her in their grip?

Eudora Welty's "A Worn Path" does present Phoenix, specifically, and others like her, generally, in the grip of large and indifferent social and political forces.  This is a Southern Gothic story that deals with life in the South after the Civil War.  For the most part, existence was not good for anyone immediately after the Civil War.  The South was ravaged (remember most of the battles took place in the South) and the economic system turned upside down. 

Notice that in the story no one is really out to get Phoenix.  Her existence is the way it is, period.  Nobody conspired to make her grandson swallow lye, or arranged things so that she would have to make such a long, difficult walk to get his medicine.  Even the man who points the rifle at her does it just for the fun of it, for kicks.  No one is persecuting Phoenix.

Yet, no one is really doing anything to help her, either.  She has to suffer humiliation just to get the medicine for the grandson.  And even this act of charity is done with indifference:

"A charity case, I suppose," said an attendant who sat at the desk before her."

Phoenix is the victim of society.  Society is not necessarily against her, but it is not for her, either.

What are three ways in which Helen's situation when she comes to Holmes is similar to Julias just before death?

Helen is in a similar position as Julia was in several ways.

They are sisters.

They are or were living with Dr. Roylett.

They fear what was about to happen (or, in the case of the dead sister, what did happen).

They heard a mysterious whistling in the night.

They sleep in a room with a false bell rope.

In the book The Missing Girl, what are three action words about Stevie?What does she do with those things and what was your opinion or reaction?

Stevie is a passionate young girl, and the action words that describe the things she does are vivid and emphatic. Instead of walking down the porch steps, she stomps, and when she talks, her eyes glitter. In the chapter entitled "Miss Priss," Stevie thinks that Beauty has been spying on her, and when she confronts her sister, her eyes darken expressively, and she grabs agitatedly at the straps of her backpack. Stevie denies having had sex with her boyfriend, but Beauty knows that she often lies. Knowing Stevie's nature, Beauty worries about her, but she is no match for Stevie's quick mind and her barbed, sarcastic retorts.

Stevie's intensity, as expressed in her actions, makes her a formidable character. It is difficult to win an argument with her, just as it is hard to get her to listen to advice, however well-meant. I think that Beauty's concerns about Stevie are justified, knowing her impulsive, fiery nature, but it is that same nature that makes it hard to tell her anything she does not want to hear.

Later in the book, in the chapter entitled "Running Away to Florida," Stevie has just learned that her parents are sending her away to Florida. Stevie is furious, and expresses her anger by lying on her mattress, grunting and groaning, and "kicking her legs so hard on the mattress, you think she's going to kick right through it." Stevie's rage is so intense that it is impossible to comfort her. When Beauty tries to say nice things to her as she is thrashing around on her mattress, Stevie reacts angrily, focusing her ire inappropriately on Beauty.

I think that Stevie's hot-blooded personality can be a blessing or a curse. If she learns to temper and direct it, she will be able to accomplish great things, as her passion will be translated into determination. If she does not learn to focus her extreme energy and feelings, however, she could get into a lot of trouble. Already, her temper causes her to be unapproachable and unreceptive to constructive criticism; if she does not learn moderation, she may someday find herself in a situation where her passions explode in a way which may be unacceptable and hurtful to herself and others.

What action can be taken when a judge sentences the parents to 12 months probation for the truancy of their teenager?The parents instead of the...

The laws vary from state to state on school attendance and parent culpability.  Appealing the conviction on the grounds you suggested, that you were not able to present your defense, might be an option, but it would be best to consult a lawyer for this.

Until you take further legal action, everything will remain as the last ruling stated.  You might be able to request a new hearing with the judge to explain the extenuating circumstances.  Ask your attorney, but I would not think there would be a possibility of a civil lawsuit unless you can prove negligence on the part of the court - willful misconduct, that is, which is very difficult to do.  Other than that, the court is just enforcing the law, and you unfortunately have been the victims of the collateral damage.

I am very sorry for your misfortune, and I hope this works out for you in the end.  Please do at least consult with an attorney rather than seek legal advice here.  Many of them do not charge for the initial consultation.  Good luck.