The immediate cause of the rebellion was rumors that were spreading among the Indian soldiers regarding the new cartridges they had been issued. The rumors said that they cartridges were made with either pork or beef fat (depending on whether the soldiers were Muslim or Hindu). This would have made the soldiers violate their religious laws when they bit the cartridges.
The underlying reason, however, was basic dissatisfaction over the fact that the British were ruling India. If the Indians had fully accepted British rule, the mutiny would not have happened.
In my opinion, the main legacy of this rebellion was greater mistrust between the British and their Indian subjects.
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