Optical fibers are long, flexible cylinders, with diameter 10-100μm, in which light rays propagate through multiple total internal reflections on surface of the fibers' side. There are gradient optical fibers, characterized by the fact that refractive index is maximum in the center of the fiber, gradually decreasing toward its periphery, so that total reflection of light is more complicated than in case of a single optical fiber.
Regardless of the fields that they are used, optic fibers are light guides used for sharing information with less energy lost, from one place to another place.
No matter of the composition chosen, the dielectric material used to obtain optical fibers must answer to the following requirements:
- to have better transparency at the wavelength of the light signal used;
- to possess chemical stability in time;
- to be easily processed in all stages of technological process.
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