The first and most important theme would be revenge. In Act I Sc. 5 the Ghost of Hamlet's father asks Hamlet to murder Claudius and thus avenge his murder:
Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.
The second important theme is procrastination. Hamlet has to confirm first of all whether what the Ghost told him was true or not and he has to carefully plan his revenge in total secrecy. Consequently, Hamlet delays the act of killing Claudius. In Act III Sc. 3, he sees Claudius all alone praying but he gives the excuse that if he murders him now his soul will go straight to heaven:
And so he goes to heaven;
And so am I revenged. That would be scann'd:
A villain kills my father; and for that,
I, his sole son, do this same villain send
To heaven.
In Act IV Sc.4 Hamlet even contrasts himself unfavorably with young Fortinbras who is exactly the opposite of him when it comes to executing his plans:
Witness this army of such mass and charge
Led by a delicate and tender prince, [Fortinbras]
Whose spirit with divine ambition puff'd
Makes mouths at the invisible event,
Exposing what is mortal and unsure
To all that fortune, death and danger dare,
Even for an egg-shell.
Last but not the least would be theme of friendship. Shakespeare contrasts the true and sincere friendship of Horatio with that of the false friendship of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. In Act V Sc.2 Hamlet reveals to Horatio how he managed to forge a letter to the King of England asking him to have Rosencrantz and Guildenstern executed:
That, on the view and knowing of these contents,
Without debatement further, more or less,
He should the bearers put to sudden death,
Not shriving-time allow'd.
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