If you are looking for themes, two of the main ones are naturalism, the pursuit of the American Dream, and socialism. Sinclair demonstrates naturalism when he portrays the characters as animals who cannot control themselves. Jurgis looses his temper on several occasions and lashes out. He also becomes an uncontrollable alcoholic for a period. All of the characters are victims of their environment (Stanislovas being eaten by rats, etc).
The character pursuit of the American Dream is also a theme. The family immigrates to America for a better life. They believe they can have a house and jobs, but they realize quickly that the dream is an illusion.
Sinclair's answer to the failed American Dream is socialism which is presented in the last section of the novel. Jurgis is attracted to the philosophy because he can see how it would have helped his family. It attracts the common worker with promise of equalizing everyone. The novel ends on a hopeful note as Jurgis joins the socialist movement.
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