Narrative conventions include points of view, character development, descriptive language, conflict, climax, plot, theme, etc.
In this novel, racism is represented in several of the narrative conventions. I will get you started on some, and you can take it from there.
Plot - A main plot in this story is the accusation of rape and subsequent trial of Tom Robinson. Tom is black and has been accused of rape by a white trash white woman. He is not guilty. Atticus Finch defends Tom and even though Tom is convicted due to the racism in the town, Atticus puts up a brilliant defense. The blacks in the community stand when Atticus leaves the courtroom to show their gratitude. During the trial, Scout and Jem are constantly defending their dad's decision to "defend niggers."
Characters - There is the character of Tom Robinson. He is a rather stereotyped character but his character illustrates the racisim prevalent in the South at the time. He is a good man, but he is poor, black and uneducated, and a scapegoat to be blamed for a rape that never occurred. Mayella Ewell accused him of raping her to protect herself from her crazy father because, in actuality, it was SHE who tried to seduce Tom.
Also, the character of Calpurnia illustrates racism. Calpurnia is the Finch's maid. She is wise and intelligent, but another black stereotype. She reverts to "her own language" when she is under stress or among her own people, but when she is working among whites, her language is that of an educated person. It illustrates how blacks were forced to act in different ways, depending on where they were.
Setting - The story is set in the South, where racism was more prevalent. Also, the blacks live on the other side of town. Calpurnia takes Scout and Jem to that part of town from time to time, and they stand out because they are white. They are uncomfortable. Also, Atticus visits Tom's wife on that part of town and is spit on for being a "nigger lover." Also, during the trial, Scout, Jem and Dill sit in the balcony, with the "coloreds" - not in the regular courtroom. Atticus has told them not to come to the trial, but they come anyway and are embraced and protected by the blacks.
Get the idea? Now you can do the rest. If you are writing an essay, perhaps you will want to limit your subject to one or just a few of these elements, because there are so many in the novel. Racism is one of the themes, so naturally it is going to permeate all of the narrative conventions.
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