Good question. They are two different men and one in the same man. A protagonist is a central character to the story, the one who drives it. An antagonist is the character/force working against him.
In this story, Dr. Jekyll is the protagonist. He is a man trying desperately to control the baser instincts of his personality - the instincts of passion, anger, etc., that can cause a human being to be irrational. He has lofty and idealistic goals. He does this by splitting his personality into two so that one aspect can be entirely focused on knowledge and learning - and, therefore, be more productive - and the other focused on the pleasure principle only.
His antagonist is the other half of his personality, the side that is animalistic and is known by the name Mr. Hyde. This "man"/split personality wants... and works to get what he wants. He wants to be in control all of the time, and he works against Jekyll to do that. So, really, Jekyll's antagonist is himself. He is in conflict with his passion and desire.
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