There are certainly plenty you can pick from, as in all of Shakespeare's plays. You might choose to focus on love, marriage and friendship, justice and mercy or identity for example. However, I will focus on one of the main ones: money.
It is interesting that money is a theme of the love plot as well as the hate plot. Bassanio's need for money to pay court to Portia is of course what puts Antonio in the power of Shylock. Antonio and Shylock are very different merchants, yet all merchants try to make money. Jessica as well, when she elopes with Lorenzo, brings money with her, stealing the savings of her father. She then spends extravagantly what her father gained with such care and diligence. Attitudes to the getting and spending of money are a theme of the play. Wealth by itself does not bring Portia happiness. She needs to be loved and to give love. Spending money is more fun than getting it, and generosity is better than meanness. However, the actions of Jessica in exchanging a ring that her mother gave to her father for a monkey show her to be reckless, uncaring and impudent.
Contextually, Venice was a mercantile city, and its luxurious life was based on commerce, law and credit. Great wealth was made on the back of extremely risky merchant ventures that could win or lose millions and bring around tremendous reversal of fortunes, as in the case of Antonio at the end. Of course, Bassanio himself tries a risky venture, trying to wind the hand of Portia. He deserves Portia because he is not taken in by "outward shows" or the glamour of precious metals - he is granted moral insight. Portia's wealth is fabulous - she is the metaphorical Golden Fleece won by Jason. But Portia's readiness to give her fortune and herself away for love is matched by Antonio's. This loving and giving is in stark contrast to a greed which prefers ducats to a a daughter and a hate which prefers a pound of flesh to thousands of ducats.
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